Python &引用；私钥丢失或无效。应为服务和报价；使用凭据进行BigQuery调用时

我将遵循GCP AI平台的本教程。我尝试使用以下命令对BigQuery进行API调用：

def query_to_dataframe(query):
  import pandas as pd
  import pkgutil
  privatekey = pkgutil.get_data('trainer', 'privatekey.json')
  print(privatekey[:200])
  return pd.read_gbq(query,
                     project_id=PROJECT,
                     dialect='standard',
                     private_key=privatekey)

但出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  [...]
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.7/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/trainer/task.py", line 66, in <module>
    arguments['numTrees']
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/trainer/model.py", line 119, in train_and_evaluate
    train_df, eval_df = create_dataframes(frac)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/trainer/model.py", line 95, in create_dataframes
    train_df = query_to_dataframe(train_query)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/trainer/model.py", line 82, in query_to_dataframe
    private_key=privatekey)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/pandas/io/gbq.py", line 149, in read_gbq
    credentials=credentials, verbose=verbose, private_key=private_key)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas_gbq/gbq.py", line 846, in read_gbq
    dialect=dialect, auth_local_webserver=auth_local_webserver)
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas_gbq/gbq.py", line 184, in __init__
    self.credentials = self.get_credentials()
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas_gbq/gbq.py", line 193, in get_credentials
    return self.get_service_account_credentials()
  File "/root/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas_gbq/gbq.py", line 413, in get_service_account_credentials
    "Private key is missing or invalid. It should be service "
pandas_gbq.gbq.InvalidPrivateKeyFormat: Private key is missing or invalid. It should be service account private key JSON (file path or string contents) with at least two keys: 'client_email' and 'private_key'. Can be obtained from: https://console.developers.google.com/permissions/serviceaccounts

---

我不确定问题是否是由于Python中的错误造成的，或者我将

privatekey.json

放置在何处。根据@rmestevs的建议，我更改了

read\u gbq

的属性，以便将BigQuery访问密钥从

private\u key

读取到

凭据，如图所示，之后我就能够解决问题。然后，我将该值设置为
privatekey.json
的绝对路径，如图所示。现在作业可以无误运行了

注意：我只在Python3+中遇到了这个问题，但在Python2.7中没有遇到。我不知道为什么。这可能是由于执行了
read\u gbq
1）将字符串转换为字节：
private\u key=privatekey.encode（'utf-8'））
。2） 什么是privatekey.json？这是谷歌服务账户JSON密钥文件还是你创建的东西？我同意@JohnHanley的说法。要解决字节问题，需要将其编码为utf-8。为什么需要使用此私钥属性？也许你可以使用这些凭证attribute@JohnHanley是privatekey.json用于调用BigQuery API。@rmesteves根据您的建议，我将
private\u keys
更改为
credentials
属性，如图所示，然后构建privatekey.json的绝对路径。现在作业可以无误运行了。@mlo可以将其总结为一个答案，或者让我知道我是否可以这样做
/babyweight
    - setup.py
    - trainer
        - __init__.py
        - model.py
        - privatekey.json
        - task.py