C++ c++;std::函数类型检查是否正确?

C++ c++;std::函数类型检查是否正确?,c++,std-function,C++,Std Function,我希望使用std::function type from,以便在赋值时检查函数签名。但我不明白在这种情况下发生了什么 //g++ 5.4.0 #include <iostream> #include <functional> int f(int x) { std::cout << "//f:int->int\n"; return x; } int g(double x) { std::cout << "//g:doubl

我希望使用std::function type from,以便在赋值时检查函数签名。但我不明白在这种情况下发生了什么

//g++  5.4.0
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
int f(int x)      { std::cout << "//f:int->int\n";    return x; }
int g(double x)   { std::cout << "//g:double->int\n"; return 1; }
int main()
{
    std::function<int(int)> fct;
    fct = f; fct(1);
    fct = g; fct(1);
}
//trace
//
//f:int->int
//g:double->int
//g++5.4.0
#包括
#包括
intf(intx){std::cout int
//g:double->int
f的行为是我想要的,但我认为“fct=g;”会导致编译时错误


请说明一下这个例子好吗?

std::function
是灵活的,下面使用了
类型擦除
,因此如果您有签名为
std::function
object,它将接受任何可以用类型
参数调用的
并返回类型
R

因此,对于
std::function
,类型为
intg(double);
的函数可以用类型
int
参数调用,编译器只会将
int
升级为
double

如果您运行此代码

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
int f(int x)      { std::cout << x << " " << "//f:int->int\n";    return x; }
int g(double x)   { std::cout << x << " " << "//g:double->int\n"; return 1; }
int main()
{
    std::function<int(int)> fct;
    fct = f; fct(1);
    fct = g; fct(2.5);
}
#包括
#包括

int f(int x){std::cout
std::function
接受任何可调用的参数,其中参数可以转换,返回类型可以转换。如果不是,则会出现编译错误。例如:

int h(double& x);

std::function<int(int)> fct;
fct = h; // <- compiler error
inth(双倍&x);
std::功能fct;

fct=h;//要完成@gaurav的答案,请使用隐式转换完成Scenari(这确实让我感到惊讶,所以我为感兴趣的人添加了它)

//g++5.4.0
#包括
#包括
C类{
公众:
int i;

C(int _i):我(_i){std::cout谢谢@gaurav。如果我理解正确,也许f应该是int->double,g应该是double->double,fct应该是int->double。因此fct=g“强制”将第一个参数转换为int(测试它确实确认,但我不能100%确定,因为在你的示例中,g返回一个int…)@chetzacoalt,返回类型不应该区别上面的代码,因为它们每个都是
int
,当代码调用
fct(2.5)
时是的,因为
fct::operator()
只接受
int
,它将2.5转换为2。
//g++  5.4.0
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>

class C{ 
    public : 
    int i; 
    C(int _i) : i(_i)  { std::cout << "//C::C(int " << i << ")\n"; } 
};
class D{ 
    public : 
    int i; 
    D(int _i) : i(_i)  { std::cout << "//D::D(int " << i << ")\n"; }
    D(C c)    : i(c.i) { std::cout << "//implicit conversion D::D(C " << c.i << ")\n"; }
};

int f(C c)   { std::cout << "//f:C->int : "; return c.i; }
int g(D d)   { std::cout << "//g:D->int : "; return d.i; }

int main()
{
    {
        std::cout << "//--- test implicit conversion\n";
        C c(1); 
        D d(2);
        d=c;
    }
    {
        std::function<int(C)> fct; C c(1); D d(2);
        std::cout << "//direct calls\n";
        std::cout <<   f(c) << "\n";
        // std::cout << "//" <<   f(d) << "\n";  // no conversion D->C provided by class C -->> error: could not convert ‘d’ from ‘D’ to ‘C’
        std::cout <<   g(d) << "\n";         
        std::cout <<   g(c) << "\n";             // implicit conversion, then g:D->int
    }
    {
        std::cout << "//case function:C->int\n";
        std::function<int(C)> fct; C c(1); D d(2);
        fct = f; std::cout << "//" << fct(c) << "\n";
        //std::cout << "//" << fct(d) << "\n";   // no conversion D->C provided by class C -->> error: could not convert ‘d’ from ‘D’ to ‘C’
        fct = g; std::cout << "//" << fct(c) << "\n";
        //std::cout << "//" << fct(d) << "\n";   // no conversion D->C provided by class C -->> no match for call to ‘(std::function<int(C)>) (D&)’
    }
    {
        std::cout << "//appels via function : D -> int\n";
        std::function<int(D)> fct; C c(1); D d(2);
        //fct = f;    // conversion D->C would be meaningless to f
                      // -->> error: no match for ‘operator=’ (operand types are ‘std::function<int(D)>’ and ‘int(C)’)
        fct = g; std::cout << "//" << fct(d) << "\n";
        std::cout << "//" << fct(c) << "\n";      // implicit conversion, then g:D->int
    }
}

//trace
//
//--- test implicit conversion
//C::C(int 1)
//D::D(int 2)
//implicit conversion D::D(C 1)
//C::C(int 1)
//D::D(int 2)
//direct calls
//f:C->int : 1
//g:D->int : 2
//implicit conversion D::D(C 1)
//g:D->int : 1
//case function:C->int
//C::C(int 1)
//D::D(int 2)
//f:C->int : //1
//implicit conversion D::D(C 1)
//g:D->int : //1
//appels via function : D -> int
//C::C(int 1)
//D::D(int 2)
//g:D->int : //2
//implicit conversion D::D(C 1)
//g:D->int : //1