Django rest framework Django REST：排除某些字段并过滤嵌套序列化程序

我试图从约会序列化程序中排除字段“prospect”，它嵌套在单元序列化程序下

如下所示，由于约会查询集上的一些数据操作，我决定使用SerializerMethodField来定义约会序列化程序。但是，我不确定在使用SerializerMethodField时如何排除字段

或者，我可以为约会使用ModelSerializer，它允许我定义要包含哪些字段，但这样我就无法以我想要的方式操作数据

记下要做的事情

型号

class Appointment(models.Model):
    appointment_time = models.DateTimeField()
    unit = models.ForeignKey(Unit, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    staff = models.ForeignKey(Staff, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    prospect = models.ForeignKey(Prospect, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class UnitSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    availability = SerializerMethodField()
    manager = ManagerSerializer()
    instruction = InstructionSerializer(source='instruction_set', many=True)
    appointment = SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = Unit
        fields = ['id', 'address', 'manager', 'availability', 'instruction', 'appointment']

    def get_availability(self, instance): 
        queryset = instance.availability_set.order_by('start_time')
        return AvailabilitySerializer(queryset, many=True).data

    def get_appointment(self, instance):
        start_buffer = 0.5 ## How many hours from now do we start displaying appointments in the queue
        end_buffer = 72 ## How many hours from now do we stop displaying appointments in the queue
        start_cutoff = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=start_buffer)
        end_cutoff = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=end_buffer)
        queryset = instance.appointment_set.exclude(appointment_time__lt=start_cutoff).exclude(appointment_time__gt=end_cutoff).order_by('appointment_time')
        return AppointmentSerializer(queryset, many=True).data

序列化程序

class Appointment(models.Model):
    appointment_time = models.DateTimeField()
    unit = models.ForeignKey(Unit, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    staff = models.ForeignKey(Staff, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    prospect = models.ForeignKey(Prospect, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class UnitSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    availability = SerializerMethodField()
    manager = ManagerSerializer()
    instruction = InstructionSerializer(source='instruction_set', many=True)
    appointment = SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = Unit
        fields = ['id', 'address', 'manager', 'availability', 'instruction', 'appointment']

    def get_availability(self, instance): 
        queryset = instance.availability_set.order_by('start_time')
        return AvailabilitySerializer(queryset, many=True).data

    def get_appointment(self, instance):
        start_buffer = 0.5 ## How many hours from now do we start displaying appointments in the queue
        end_buffer = 72 ## How many hours from now do we stop displaying appointments in the queue
        start_cutoff = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=start_buffer)
        end_cutoff = datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=end_buffer)
        queryset = instance.appointment_set.exclude(appointment_time__lt=start_cutoff).exclude(appointment_time__gt=end_cutoff).order_by('appointment_time')
        return AppointmentSerializer(queryset, many=True).data

JSON对象表示法

---

只需创建一个特定的

AppointmentSerializer

（如

UNITAppointSerializer

，其中排除了这些字段）。您可以从原始序列化程序中进行子类化，从而生成一个修改的序列化程序，但将原始序列化程序作为“基”@Willem Van Onsem但我如何修改

AppointmentSerializer

中的数据？我正在考虑创建一个名为filtered_Appointment的新字段作为SerializerMethodField（），然后在Appointment模型下编写过滤方法。这有意义吗？在这里，由于您首先过滤查询集，所以进行更改看起来很奇怪。但我认为在这里最好使用一个亚串行化器，而不是一种方法：好吧，经过更多的研究，我发现了如何解决这个问题。我想你指的是使用“子类”。在本例中，我对ListSerializer进行了子类化，并重写了to_表示方法。在本次讨论中得到了很好的解释：