Eclipse Spring Maven上下文初始化失败

我使用Spring-Maven-Eclipse，在上下文初始化方面遇到了一个丑陋的异常。当我将配置文件放在WEB-INF下时，它可以正常工作，但我读到建议将它们放在src/main/resources文件夹中。此时，提出了一个例外

我花了几个小时试图自己解决这个问题，但没有成功。我的配置有什么问题

谢谢你的帮助

堆栈跟踪

Severe: Context initialization failed     org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/controller-servlet.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/controller-servlet.xml]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:341)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:131)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:451)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:647)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:598)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:661)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:517)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:458)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:244)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1444)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:5093)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:5380)
at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebModule.start(WebModule.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:917)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:733)
at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebContainer.loadWebModule(WebContainer.java:2000)
at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebContainer.loadWebModule(WebContainer.java:1651)
at com.sun.enterprise.web.WebApplication.start(WebApplication.java:109)
at org.glassfish.internal.data.EngineRef.start(EngineRef.java:130)
at org.glassfish.internal.data.ModuleInfo.start(ModuleInfo.java:269)
at org.glassfish.internal.data.ApplicationInfo.start(ApplicationInfo.java:294)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.deploy(ApplicationLifecycle.java:462)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.server.ApplicationLifecycle.deploy(ApplicationLifecycle.java:240)
at org.glassfish.deployment.admin.DeployCommand.execute(DeployCommand.java:382)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$1.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:355)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.doCommand(CommandRunnerImpl.java:370)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.doCommand(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1064)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl.access$1200(CommandRunnerImpl.java:96)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$ExecutionContext.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1244)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.admin.CommandRunnerImpl$ExecutionContext.execute(CommandRunnerImpl.java:1232)
at com.sun.enterprise.admin.cli.embeddable.DeployerImpl.deploy(DeployerImpl.java:129)
at com.sun.enterprise.admin.cli.embeddable.DeployerImpl.deploy(DeployerImpl.java:105)
at org.glassfish.maven.PluginUtil.doDeploy(PluginUtil.java:106)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.glassfish.maven.AbstractDeployMojo.doDeploy(AbstractDeployMojo.java:239)
at org.glassfish.maven.RunMojo.execute(RunMojo.java:68)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:107)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:209)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:84)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:59)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.singleThreadedBuild(LifecycleStarter.java:183)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:161)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:319)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:156)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:534)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:196)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:141)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:290)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:230)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:409)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:352)

pom.xml

4.0.0
com.marc
嵌入式玻璃鱼试验
0.0.2-快照
战争
1.7
3.2.0.1发布
3.1.1
2.5.1
2.1.0
1.5.11
3.2.0.1发布
10.10.1.1
UTF-8
错误非常明显（我强调）：

严重：上下文初始化失败org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException:IOException解析来自ServletContext资源的XML文档[/WEB-INF/controller servlet.XML]；嵌套异常是java.io.FileNotFoundException:无法打开ServletContext资源[/WEB-INF/controller servlet.xml]

将controller-servlet.xml文件移动到WEB-INF文件夹

更多信息：



Servlet上下文（controller Servlet.xml）应位于WEB-INF下。只有根上下文文件应位于类路径上（即
src/main/resources
）。
web.xml
中还有第二个错误-不能将servlet上下文定义为根上下文配置（即从
contextConfigLocation
中删除它）。。。此文件将由
DispatcherServlet
自动加载（默认情况下，它在
/WEB-INF/{servletName}-servlet.xml
）中查找配置。请尝试阅读Spring使用的上下文层次结构的相关内容-例如@Pavel:谢谢，但我不清楚。对我来说，controller-servlet.xml和controller-persistence.xml是根上下文文件。因此，它们应该位于src/main/resources中。例如：可以看到，他将我所称的配置文件放在src/main/resources中。他是Spring数据书的作者。你所说的“对我来说，它们是根上下文文件”是什么意思？存在上下文层次结构，因此可以定义多个DispatcherServlet，每个DispatcherServlet都有自己的MVC bean（控制器、视图解析器、拦截器、数据绑定等）。您可以省略根上下文，但不能在没有servlet上下文的情况下使用DispatcherServlet。我有一种感觉，您可能不完全理解为什么有多个上下文，以及它们的主要用途是什么。我建议您接受Luiggi的答案，并接受这样一个事实，即您可能不完全理解为什么需要在
/WEB-INF/
下有这个文件。我向您保证，很快您就会明白这一点，到时候它将是有意义的。谢谢Luiggi，但我读过许多文章，建议将配置文件放在src/main/resources下，许多人说它像charme一样工作@user3178994，这就是除了Web应用程序的主体应用程序配置xml文件之外的工作方式。@user3178994在播放中有两种不同的上下文-根Web应用程序上下文（由ContextLoaderListener加载）和servlet应用程序上下文（由DispatcherServlet加载）。后者应位于
/WEB-INF/{servletName}-servlet.xml
下。检查JavaDoc-
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0    http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-    4.0.0.xsd"> 
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.marc</groupId>
<artifactId>embedded-glassfish-test</artifactId>
<version>0.0.2-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
    <java-version>1.7</java-version>
    <org.springframework-version>3.2.0.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
    <embedded-glassfish-version>3.1.1</embedded-glassfish-version>
    <eclipselink-version>2.5.1</eclipselink-version>
    <javax-persistence-version>2.1.0</javax-persistence-version>
    <org.slf4j-version>1.5.11</org.slf4j-version>
    <spring-test-version>3.2.0.RELEASE</spring-test-version>
    <derby-version>10.10.1.1</derby-version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependenc
    <!-- Logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
<!-- slf4j-bridge for commons-logging -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Spring -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
                    <exclusions>
            <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
             </exclusion>
        </exclusions> 
    </dependency>   
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
        <exclusions>
            <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
             </exclusion>
        </exclusions> 
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--  **************************************************************************************************** -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- @Inject -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
        <version>1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JDBC -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- glassfish -->      
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-embedded-glassfish-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${embedded-glassfish-version}</version>
        <type>maven-plugin</type>
    </dependency>
    <!-- eclipselink -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>eclipselink</artifactId>
        <version>${eclipselink-version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope> 
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.persistence</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.persistence</artifactId>
        <version>${javax-persistence-version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope> 
    </dependency>
    <!--  spring jpa -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!--  spring test -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>${spring-test-version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- junit -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- derby -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
        <artifactId>derby</artifactId>
        <version>${derby-version}</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
    <!--  embedded glassfish plugin -->
<build> 
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.glassfish</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-embedded-glassfish-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>${embedded-glassfish-version}</version>
            <configuration>
                <ports>
                    <http-listener>8080</http-listener>
                    <https-listener>8181</https-listener>
                </ports>
                <contextRoot>${project.artifactId}</contextRoot>
            </configuration>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                    <version>5.1.27</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>${java-version}</source>
                <target>${java-version}</target>
                <testSource>${java-version}</testSource>
                <testTarget>${java-version}</testTarget>    
                <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins> 
</build>    

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    version="3.0">

<display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet> 
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>controller</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:controller-servlet.xml
                classpath:controller-persistence.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- database jndi reference -->
<description>MySQL Test App</description>
<resource-ref>
    <description>DB Connection</description>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/TestDB</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>

<persistence-unit-ref>
      <persistence-unit-ref-name>jdbc/derby</persistence-unit-ref-name>      
      <persistence-unit-name>derby</persistence-unit-name>
</persistence-unit-ref>