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Java 如何使用web.xml和Tomcat在Spring中正确加载上下文

java xml spring

Java 如何使用web.xml和Tomcat在Spring中正确加载上下文,java,xml,spring,applicationcontext,Java,Xml,Spring,Applicationcontext,在servlet类中导入Spring上下文时遇到问题。这些方法在测试中运行良好（加载了上下文）。但我似乎无法在我的webapp中加载上下文。我正在使用Tomcat7。这是我的web.xml文件： <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javae

在servlet类中导入Spring上下文时遇到问题。这些方法在测试中运行良好（加载了上下文）。但我似乎无法在我的webapp中加载上下文。我正在使用Tomcat7。这是我的
web.xml
文件：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
 <display-name>AgneseProva</display-name>
 <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/spring/app-config.xml
    </param-value>
 </context-param>
 <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <servlet> 
 <description></description>
 <display-name>Prova</display-name>
 <servlet-name>Prova</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>it.jenia.agnese.prova.Prova</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
 <servlet>
 <description></description>
 <display-name>Presenze</display-name>
 <servlet-name>Presenze</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>Prova</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/Prova</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>Presenze</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/Presenze</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 </web-app>
文件test-prova-spring-configuration.xml包含一系列导入，包括数据库配置、存储库配置、实体和服务

Servlet类是：

 package it.jenia.agnese.prova;

 import it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository;
 import it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.PresenzaRepository;
 import it.jenia.vr.common.service.JspReporter;

 import java.io.IOException;

 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

 public class Presenze extends HttpServlet {
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Presenze.class);

 @Autowired
 CollaboratoreRepository collaboratoreRepository;
 @Autowired
 PresenzaRepository presenzaRepository;
 @Autowired
 JspReporter jsp;

 public Presenze() {
     super();
 }
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    String messaggiojsp = "ok";
    String messaggiopr = "ok";
    String messaggiocr = "ok";
    if (jsp==null){
        messaggiojsp = "ko";
    }
    request.setAttribute("messaggiojsp", messaggiojsp);
    if(presenzaRepository ==null){
        messaggiopr = "ko";
    }
    request.setAttribute("messaggiopr", messaggiopr);
    if(collaboratoreRepository==null){
        messaggiocr = "ko";
    }
    request.setAttribute("messaggiocr", messaggiocr);
    request.getRequestDispatcher("/Presenze/presenze.jsp").forward(request, response);
 }
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
 }

 }
服务器不会抛出任何错误，就像完全加载了上下文一样，但是servlet中的自动连接字段为空。到目前为止，我已经尝试：

1.使用@service注释将servlet注册为服务，并将其包添加到spring配置文件（test prova spring configuration.xml）中的组件扫描中-->没有任何更改，字段为null，Tomcat没有出现任何错误

2.将servlet注册为spring配置文件中的bean-->未更改，字段为null，Tomcat未出现任何错误

3.将这三行代码添加到servlet中：

public void init(javax.servlet.ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
    SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this, config.getServletContext());
};
-->页面抛出错误（最后）：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:类[class it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze]的自动连线依赖项注入失败

回溯：

    exception

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet Presenze threw exception
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Injection of autowired dependencies failed for class [class it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze.collaboratoreRepository; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.processInjection(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:306)
    org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.java:110)
    it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze.init(Presenze.java:45)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze.collaboratoreRepository; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.processInjection(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:303)
    org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.java:110)
    it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze.init(Presenze.java:45)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [it.jenia.ac.mail.rapportini.repository.CollaboratoreRepository] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:986)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:856)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:768)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.processInjection(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:303)
    org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.java:110)
    it.jenia.agnese.prova.Presenze.init(Presenze.java:45)
    org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:503)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
    org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:421)
    org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1070)
    org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:611)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
然而，总而言之，问题是它无法在servlet类中找到自动连接repo的bean

我已经完成了我的“新手”资源，所以任何帮助都将不胜感激

PS.o我忘了我有一个maven webapp，目录结构是：

src
---main
------java
----------it.jenia.agnese.prova
---------------Presenze.java
------resources
------webapp
----------META-INF
--------------test-prova-spring-configuration.xml
--------------MANIFEST.MF
----------WEB-INF
--------------web.xml
--------------spring
------------------app-config.xml
----------Presenze
--------------presenze.jsp
问题出在配置文件中。我尝试移动META-IN目录，但没有成功，然后我更改了这一行：

<import resource="classpath*:/test-prova-spring-configuration.xml" />
致：
突然，服务器Tomcat给了我一些关于配置缺少的类的输出（它们包含在我的maven pom.xml中，但被标记为test，因为我之前只是在测试范围内使用配置）。当我从pom.xml中删除测试范围时，每个类都工作得很好。我只需要更新maven项目并清理tomcat项目，就可以让它正常工作。所以这是一个无法识别“类路径”的问题。奇怪的是，Tomcat没有给出任何关于找不到xml的输出。应该有一种记录配置加载过程的方法来解决这个问题。我从这个问题的答案中得到了一些启发。

堆栈打印中的“没有符合条件的bean”通常只是SpringBeans配置的一长串问题中的最后一个。你能把整件事都展示出来吗？编辑完成了，但我也解决了问题。。 
<import resource="classpath*:/test-prova-spring-configuration.xml" /> 

<import resource="classpath*:/META-INF/test-prova-spring-configuration.xml" />