Javascript 在React/Flux中处理计时器

我正在开发一个应用程序，我想让计时器从60秒倒计时到0，然后更改一些内容，然后计时器在60秒时重新启动

我已经在React和Flux中实现了这一点，但由于我是新手，我仍然遇到一些问题

我现在想为计时器添加一个开始/停止按钮。我不确定在哪里放置/处理计时器状态

我有一个组件

Timer.jsx

，如下所示：

var React = require('react');
var AppStore = require('../stores/app-store.js');
var AppActions = require('../actions/app-actions.js');

function getTimeLeft() {
  return {
    timeLeft: AppStore.getTimeLeft()
  }
}

var Timer = React.createClass({
  _tick: function() {
    this.setState({ timeLeft: this.state.timeLeft - 1 });
    if (this.state.timeLeft < 0) {
      AppActions.changePattern();
      clearInterval(this.interval);
    }
  },
  _onChange: function() {
    this.setState(getTimeLeft());
    this.interval = setInterval(this._tick, 1000);
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return getTimeLeft();
  },
  componentWillMount: function() {
    AppStore.addChangeListener(this._onChange);
  },
  componentWillUnmount: function() {
    clearInterval(this.interval);
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.interval = setInterval(this._tick, 1000);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <small>
        ({ this.state.timeLeft })
      </small>
    )
  }
});

module.exports = Timer;

但是，由于我的计时器组件当前处理setInterval，我不知道如何使启动/停止计时器事件工作。我是否应该将setInterval内容从计时器组件移动到存储区，并以某种方式将其传递给我的组件

---

可以找到完整的代码。

我将从存储中删除计时器，现在，只需在那里管理模式即可。您的计时器组件需要进行一些小的更改：

var Timer = React.createClass({
  _tick: function() {
    if (this.state.timeLeft < 0) {
      AppActions.changePattern();
      clearInterval(this.interval);
    } else {
      this.setState({ timeLeft: this.state.timeLeft - 1 });
    }
  },
  _onChange: function() {
    // do what you want with the pattern here
    // or listen to the AppStore in another component
    // if you need this somewhere else
    var pattern = AppStore.getPattern();
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return { timeLeft: 60 };
  },
  componentWillUnmount: function() {
    clearInterval(this.interval);
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.interval = setInterval(this._tick, 1000);
    AppStore.addChangeListener(this._onChange);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <small>
        ({ this.state.timeLeft })
      </small>
    )
  }
});

var Timer=React.createClass({
_勾选：函数（）{
if（this.state.timeLeft<0）{
AppActions.changePattern（）；
clearInterval（这个.interval）；
}否则{
this.setState（{timeLeft:this.state.timeLeft-1}）；
}
},
_onChange:function（）{
//你想怎么做就怎么做
//或者在另一个组件中侦听AppStore
//如果你在别的地方需要这个
var pattern=AppStore.getPattern（）；
},
getInitialState:函数（）{
返回{timeLeft:60}；
},
componentWillUnmount:function（）{
clearInterval（这个.interval）；
},
componentDidMount:function（）{
this.interval=setInterval（this._tick，1000）；
AppStore.addChangeListener（this.\u onChange）；
},
render:function（）{
返回(
（{this.state.timeLeft}）
)
}
});

不要在组件中存储状态 使用flux的主要原因之一是集中应用程序状态。为此，您应该完全避免使用组件的

setState

功能。此外，在组件保存其自身状态的范围内，它应该仅用于非常短暂的状态数据（例如，您可以在组件上本地设置状态，指示鼠标是否悬停）

对异步操作使用操作创建者 在Flux中，存储意味着是同步的。（请注意，这是Flux实现中有点争议的一点，但我明确建议您使存储同步。一旦您允许在存储中进行异步操作，它就会破坏单向数据流并损害应用程序推理。）。相反，异步操作应该存在于操作创建者中。在您的代码中，我没有提到动作创建者，因此我怀疑这可能是您困惑的根源。然而，您的实际计时器应该位于动作创建者中。如果组件需要影响计时器，它可以调用动作创建者上的方法，动作创建者可以创建/管理计时器，计时器可以调度将由存储处理的事件

更新：请注意，在2014年react conf Flux面板上，一位开发大流量应用程序的开发人员表示，对于该特定应用程序，他们确实允许在存储中进行异步数据获取操作（get，但不允许put或post）

---

我最终下载了您的代码并实现了您想要的启动/停止/重置功能。我认为这可能是解释问题的最好方式——展示可以运行和测试的代码，并附上一些注释

实际上，我最终得到了两个实现。我将它们称为实现A和实现B

我认为展示这两种实现会很有趣。希望它不会引起太多的混乱

作为记录，实施A是更好的版本

以下是两种实现的简要说明：

实施A

此版本跟踪应用程序组件级别的状态。通过将

props

传递给计时器组件来管理计时器。尽管如此，计时器组件仍会跟踪其自身的剩余时间状态

实施B

此版本使用TimerStore和TimerAction模块在计时器组件级别跟踪计时器状态，以管理组件的状态和事件

module.exports = {
  START_TIMER: 'START_TIMER',
  STOP_TIMER: 'STOP_TIMER',
  RESET_TIMER: 'RESET_TIMER',
  TIMEOUT: 'TIMEOUT',
  TICK: 'TICK'
};

实现B最大的（可能是致命的）缺点是您只能有一个计时器组件。这是因为TimerStore和TimerAction模块本质上是单例的

---

|

|

实施A

|

|

此版本跟踪应用程序组件级别的状态。这里的大多数注释都在这个版本的代码中

通过向计时器传递

道具来管理计时器

此实现的代码更改列表：


app-constants.js
app-actions.js
app-store.js
App.jsx
Timer.jsx

app constants.js

在这里，我刚刚添加了一个用于重置计时器的常数

module.exports = {
  START_TIMER: 'START_TIMER',
  STOP_TIMER: 'STOP_TIMER',
  RESET_TIMER: 'RESET_TIMER',
  CHANGE_PATTERN: 'CHANGE_PATTERN'
};

app actions.js

我刚刚添加了一个调度方法来处理重置计时器操作

var AppConstants = require('../constants/app-constants.js');
var AppDispatcher = require('../dispatchers/app-dispatcher.js');

var AppActions = {
  changePattern: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.CHANGE_PATTERN
    })
  },
  resetTimer: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.RESET_TIMER
    })
  },
  startTimer: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.START_TIMER
    })
  },
  stopTimer: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.STOP_TIMER
    })
  }
};

module.exports = AppActions;

appstore.js

在这里，情况有点变化。我在更改的地方添加了详细的内联注释

var AppDispatcher = require('../dispatchers/app-dispatcher.js');
var AppConstants = require('../constants/app-constants.js');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var merge = require('react/lib/Object.assign');


// I added a TimerStatus model (probably could go in its own file)
// to manage whether the timer is "start/stop/reset".
//
// The reason for this is that reset state was tricky to handle since the Timer
// component no longer has access to the "AppStore". I'll explain the reasoning for
// that later.
//
// To solve that problem, I added a `reset` method to ensure the state
// didn't continuously loop "reset". This is probably not very "Flux".
//
// Maybe a more "Flux" alternative is to use a separate TimerStore and
// TimerAction? 
//
// You definitely don't want to put them in AppStore and AppAction
// to make your timer component more reusable.
//
var TimerStatus = function(status) {
  this.status = status;
};

TimerStatus.prototype.isStart = function() {
  return this.status === 'start';
};

TimerStatus.prototype.isStop = function() {
  return this.status === 'stop';
};

TimerStatus.prototype.isReset = function() {
  return this.status === 'reset';
};

TimerStatus.prototype.reset = function() {
  if (this.isReset()) {
    this.status = 'start';
  }
};


var CHANGE_EVENT = "change";

var shapes = ['C', 'A', 'G', 'E', 'D'];
var rootNotes = ['A', 'A#', 'B', 'C', 'C#', 'D', 'D#', 'E', 'F', 'F#', 'G', 'G#'];

var boxShapes = require('../data/boxShapes.json');


// Added a variable to keep track of timer state. Note that this state is
// managed by the *App Component*.
var _timerStatus = new TimerStatus('start');


var _pattern = _setPattern();

function _setPattern() {
  var rootNote = _getRootNote();
  var shape = _getShape();
  var boxShape = _getBoxForShape(shape);

  _pattern = {
    rootNote: rootNote,
    shape: shape,
    boxShape: boxShape
  };

  return _pattern;
}

function _getRootNote() {
  return rootNotes[Math.floor(Math.random() * rootNotes.length)];
}

function _getShape() {
  return shapes[Math.floor(Math.random() * shapes.length)];
}

function _getBoxForShape(shape) {
  return boxShapes[shape];
}


// Simple function that creates a new instance of TimerStatus set to "reset"
function _resetTimer() {
  _timerStatus = new TimerStatus('reset');
}

// Simple function that creates a new instance of TimerStatus set to "stop"
function _stopTimer() {
  _timerStatus = new TimerStatus('stop');
}

// Simple function that creates a new instance of TimerStatus set to "start"
function _startTimer() {
  _timerStatus = new TimerStatus('start');
}


var AppStore = merge(EventEmitter.prototype, {
  emitChange: function() {
    this.emit(CHANGE_EVENT);
  },

  addChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.on(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },

  removeChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.removeListener(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },


  // Added this function to get timer status from App Store
  getTimerStatus: function() {
    return _timerStatus;
  },


  getPattern: function() {
    return _pattern;
  },

  dispatcherIndex: AppDispatcher.register(function(payload) {
    var action = payload.action;

    switch(action.actionType) {
      case AppConstants.RESET_TIMER:
        // Handle reset action
        _resetTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.START_TIMER:
        // Handle start action
        _startTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.STOP_TIMER:
        // Handle stop action
        _stopTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.CHANGE_PATTERN:
        _setPattern();
        break;
    }

    AppStore.emitChange();

    return true;
  })
});

module.exports = AppStore;

App.jsx

App.jsx中有许多更改，特别是我们将状态从计时器组件移到了应用程序组件。再次详细说明代码中的注释

var React = require('react');

var Headline = require('./components/Headline.jsx');
var Scale = require('./components/Scale.jsx');
var RootNote = require('./components/RootNote.jsx');
var Shape = require('./components/Shape.jsx');
var Timer = require('./components/Timer.jsx');


// Removed AppActions and AppStore from Timer component and moved
// to App component. This is done to to make the Timer component more
// reusable.
var AppActions = require('./actions/app-actions.js');
var AppStore = require('./stores/app-store.js');


// Use the AppStore to get the timerStatus state
function getAppState() {
  return {
    timerStatus: AppStore.getTimerStatus()
  }
}

var App = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return getAppState();
  },


  // Listen for change events in AppStore
  componentDidMount: function() {
    AppStore.addChangeListener(this.handleChange);
  },


  // Stop listening for change events in AppStore
  componentWillUnmount: function() {
    AppStore.removeChangeListener(this.handleChange);
  },


  // Timer component has status, defaultTimeout attributes.
  // Timer component has an onTimeout event (used for changing pattern)
  // Add three basic buttons for Start/Stop/Reset
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div>
        <header>
          <Headline />
          <Scale />
        </header>
        <section>
          <RootNote />
          <Shape />
          <Timer status={this.state.timerStatus} defaultTimeout="15" onTimeout={this.handleTimeout} />
          <button onClick={this.handleClickStart}>Start</button>
          <button onClick={this.handleClickStop}>Stop</button>
          <button onClick={this.handleClickReset}>Reset</button>
        </section>
      </div>
    );
  },


  // Handle change event from AppStore
  handleChange: function() {
    this.setState(getAppState());
  },


  // Handle timeout event from Timer component
  // This is the signal to change the pattern.
  handleTimeout: function() {
    AppActions.changePattern();
  },


  // Dispatch respective start/stop/reset actions
  handleClickStart: function() {
    AppActions.startTimer();
  },
  handleClickStop: function() {
    AppActions.stopTimer();
  },
  handleClickReset: function() {
    AppActions.resetTimer();
  }
});

module.exports = App;

var React = require('react');


// Add a default timeout if defaultTimeout attribute is not specified.
var DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 60;

var Timer = React.createClass({

  // Normally, shouldn't use props to set state, however it is OK when we
  // are not trying to synchronize state/props. Here we just want to provide an option to specify
  // a default timeout.
  //
  // See http://facebook.github.io/react/tips/props-in-getInitialState-as-anti-pattern.html)
  getInitialState: function() {
    this.defaultTimeout = this.props.defaultTimeout || DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
    return {
      timeLeft: this.defaultTimeout
    };
  },


  // Changed this to `clearTimeout` instead of `clearInterval` since I used `setTimeout`
  // in my implementation
  componentWillUnmount: function() {
    clearTimeout(this.interval);
  },

  // If component updates (should occur when setState triggered on Timer component
  // and when App component is updated/re-rendered)
  //
  // When the App component updates we handle two cases:
  // - Timer start status when Timer is stopped
  // - Timer reset status. In this case, we execute the reset method of the TimerStatus
  //   object to set the internal status to "start". This is to avoid an infinite loop
  //   on the reset case in componentDidUpdate. Kind of a hack...
  componentDidUpdate: function() {
    if (this.props.status.isStart() && this.interval === undefined) {
      this._tick();
    } else if (this.props.status.isReset()) {
      this.props.status.reset();
      this.setState({timeLeft: this.defaultTimeout});
    }
  },

  // On mount start ticking
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this._tick();
  },


  // Tick event uses setTimeout. I find it easier to manage than setInterval.
  // We just keep calling setTimeout over and over unless the timer status is
  // "stop".
  //
  // Note that the Timer states is handled here without a store. You could probably
  // say this against the rules of "Flux". But for this component, it just seems unnecessary
  // to create separate TimerStore and TimerAction modules.
  _tick: function() {
    var self = this;
    this.interval = setTimeout(function() {
      if (self.props.status.isStop()) {
        self.interval = undefined;
        return;
      }
      self.setState({timeLeft: self.state.timeLeft - 1});
      if (self.state.timeLeft <= 0) {
        self.setState({timeLeft: self.defaultTimeout});
        self.handleTimeout();
      }
      self._tick();
    }, 1000);
  },

  // If timeout event handler passed to Timer component,
  // then trigger callback.
  handleTimeout: function() {
    if (this.props.onTimeout) {
      this.props.onTimeout();
    }
  }
  render: function() {
    return (
      <small className="timer">
        ({ this.state.timeLeft })
      </small>
    )
  },
});

module.exports = Timer;


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实施B

|

|

代码更改列表：


app-constants.js
timer-actions.js（新）
timer-store.js（新）
app-store.js
App.jsx
Timer.jsx


module.exports = {
  START_TIMER: 'START_TIMER',
  STOP_TIMER: 'STOP_TIMER',
  RESET_TIMER: 'RESET_TIMER',
  TIMEOUT: 'TIMEOUT',
  TICK: 'TICK'
};

var AppConstants = require('../constants/app-constants.js');
var AppDispatcher = require('../dispatchers/app-dispatcher.js');

module.exports = {

  // This event signals when the timer expires.
  // We can use this to change the pattern.
  timeout: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.TIMEOUT
    })
  },

  // This event decrements the time left
  tick: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.TICK
    })
  },

  // This event sets the timer state to "start"
  start: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.START_TIMER
    })
  },

  // This event sets the timer state to "stop"
  stop: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.STOP_TIMER
    })
  },

  // This event resets the time left and sets the state to "start"
  reset: function() {
    AppDispatcher.handleViewAction({
      actionType: AppConstants.RESET_TIMER
    })
  },
};

var AppDispatcher = require('../dispatchers/app-dispatcher.js');
var AppConstants = require('../constants/app-constants.js');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var merge = require('react/lib/Object.assign');

var CHANGE_EVENT = "change";
var TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 15;

var _timerStatus = 'start';
var _timeLeft = TIMEOUT_SECONDS;

function _resetTimer() {
  _timerStatus = 'start';
  _timeLeft = TIMEOUT_SECONDS;
}

function _stopTimer() {
  _timerStatus = 'stop';
}

function _startTimer() {
  _timerStatus = 'start';
}

function _decrementTimer() {
  _timeLeft -= 1;
}

var TimerStore = merge(EventEmitter.prototype, {
  emitChange: function() {
    this.emit(CHANGE_EVENT);
  },

  addChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.on(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },

  removeChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.removeListener(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },

  getTimeLeft: function() {
    return _timeLeft;
  },

  getStatus: function() {
    return _timerStatus;
  },

  dispatcherIndex: AppDispatcher.register(function(payload) {
    var action = payload.action;

    switch(action.actionType) {
      case AppConstants.START_TIMER:
        _startTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.STOP_TIMER:
        _stopTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.RESET_TIMER:
        _resetTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.TIMEOUT:
        _resetTimer();
        break;
      case AppConstants.TICK:
        _decrementTimer();
        break;
    }

    TimerStore.emitChange();

    return true;
  })
});

module.exports = TimerStore;

var AppDispatcher = require('../dispatchers/app-dispatcher.js');
var AppConstants = require('../constants/app-constants.js');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;
var merge = require('react/lib/Object.assign');

var CHANGE_EVENT = "change";

var shapes = ['C', 'A', 'G', 'E', 'D'];
var rootNotes = ['A', 'A#', 'B', 'C', 'C#', 'D', 'D#', 'E', 'F', 'F#', 'G', 'G#'];

var boxShapes = require('../data/boxShapes.json');

var _pattern = _setPattern();

function _setPattern() {
  var rootNote = _getRootNote();
  var shape = _getShape();
  var boxShape = _getBoxForShape(shape);

  _pattern = {
    rootNote: rootNote,
    shape: shape,
    boxShape: boxShape
  };

  return _pattern;
}

function _getRootNote() {
  return rootNotes[Math.floor(Math.random() * rootNotes.length)];
}

function _getShape() {
  return shapes[Math.floor(Math.random() * shapes.length)];
}

function _getBoxForShape(shape) {
  return boxShapes[shape];
}

var AppStore = merge(EventEmitter.prototype, {
  emitChange: function() {
    this.emit(CHANGE_EVENT);
  },

  addChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.on(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },

  removeChangeListener: function(callback) {
    this.removeListener(CHANGE_EVENT, callback);
  },

  getPattern: function() {
    return _pattern;
  },

  dispatcherIndex: AppDispatcher.register(function(payload) {
    var action = payload.action;

    switch(action.actionType) {
      case AppConstants.TIMEOUT:
        _setPattern();
        break;
    }

    AppStore.emitChange();

    return true;
  })
});

module.exports = AppStore;

var React = require('react');

var Headline = require('./components/Headline.jsx');
var Scale = require('./components/Scale.jsx');
var RootNote = require('./components/RootNote.jsx');
var Shape = require('./components/Shape.jsx');
var Timer = require('./components/Timer.jsx');
var TimerActions = require('./actions/timer-actions.js');


var App = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div>
        <header>
          <Headline />
          <Scale />
        </header>
        <section>
          <RootNote />
          <Shape />
          <Timer />
          <button onClick={this.handleClickStart}>Start</button>
          <button onClick={this.handleClickStop}>Stop</button>
          <button onClick={this.handleClickReset}>Reset</button>
        </section>
      </div>
    );
  },
  handleClickStart: function() {
    TimerActions.start();
  },
  handleClickStop: function() {
    TimerActions.stop();
  },
  handleClickReset: function() {
    TimerActions.reset();
  }
});

module.exports = App;

var React = require('react');

var TimerActions = require('../actions/timer-actions.js');
var TimerStore = require('../stores/timer-store.js');

function getTimerState() {
  return {
    status: TimerStore.getStatus(),
    timeLeft: TimerStore.getTimeLeft()
  }
}

var Timer = React.createClass({
  _tick: function() {
    var self = this;
    this.interval = setTimeout(function() {
      if (self.state.status === 'stop') {
        self.interval = undefined;
        return;
      }

      if (self.state.timeLeft <= 0) {
        TimerActions.timeout();
      } else {
        TimerActions.tick();
      }
      self._tick();
    }, 1000);
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return getTimerState();
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    TimerStore.addChangeListener(this.handleChange);
    this._tick();
  },
  componentWillUnmount: function() {
    clearTimeout(this.interval);
    TimerStore.removeChangeListener(this.handleChange);
  },
  handleChange: function() {
    this.setState(getTimerState());
  },
  componentDidUpdate: function() {
    if (this.state.status === 'start' && this.interval === undefined) {
      this._tick();
    }
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <small className="timer">
        ({ this.state.timeLeft })
      </small>
    )
  }
});

module.exports = Timer;