Jpa 获得；没有名为“的EntityManager的持久性提供程序”；使用Junit测试用例运行Maven构建时

运行maven构建时，Junit出现“没有EntityManager的持久性提供程序命名”错误。无法识别代码中缺少的内容

主要类别：

public class ApprovalHistory {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "Approval_History")  
    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApprovalHistory.class);

    public EntityManagerFactory emfactory = null;

    final String JDBC_URL_H2DB = "jdbc:h2:file:./APApproval/ApprovalHistoryH2DB";
    final String JDBC_USERNAME_H2DB = "";
    final String JDBC_PASSWORD_H2DB = "";

    final String JDBC_DRIVER_SQL = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
    final String JDBC_DRIVER_H2 = "org.h2.Driver";
    final String JDBC_DRIVER_HSQL = "org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver";

    final String PERSISTANCE_UNIT_NAME = "Approval_History";

    final String SELECT_BO_TABLE = "SELECT bobj FROM BusinessObjectTable bobj where bobj.docId =:";
    final String SELECT_COMMENT_TABLE = "SELECT comment FROM CommentTable comment where comment.actionTable.id IN :";
    final String SELECT_REASON_TABLE = "SELECT reason FROM ReasonTable reason where reason.actionTable.id IN :";    

    public ApprovalHistory()
    {
        try {
            createEntityManagerFactory();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    public void insertData(List<ApprovalHistoryModel> historyList){

        if(historyList != null && !historyList.isEmpty())
        {
            EntityManager entitymanager = null;

            try
            {           
                entitymanager = getEntityManager();
                entitymanager.getTransaction().begin(); 


                ApprovalHistoryModel firstItem = historyList.get(0);

                ActionTable a = new ActionTable(firstItem.actionType, firstItem.tenantId, firstItem.comment, firstItem.reason);

                for(ApprovalHistoryModel h : historyList) 
                {
                    a.getBusinessObjects().add(new BusinessObjectTable(h.userName, h.taskId, h.docId, h.objectIdentifier1, h.objectIdentifier2, h.objectIdentifier3,h.tenantId));
                }

                entitymanager.persist(a);

                entitymanager.getTransaction().commit();                    
            }
            catch (RuntimeException e) {
                if(entitymanager!=null && entitymanager.getTransaction().isActive()) {
                    entitymanager.getTransaction().rollback();
                }
                throw e;
            }

            finally{
                closeEntityManager(entitymanager);
            }
        }
    }


    public List<ApprovalHistoryModel> getApprovalHistory(String docID) throws Exception
    {
        logger.info("=ApprovalConnector=: start of getApprovalHistory()");

        List<ApprovalHistoryModel> historyModels = new ArrayList<ApprovalHistoryModel>();

        if(docID!=null && !docID.isEmpty()) {
        EntityManager entitymanager = null;

        try
        {
            entitymanager = getEntityManager();     

            TypedQuery<BusinessObjectTable> bobjquery =  entitymanager.createQuery(SELECT_BO_TABLE+"DocID ",BusinessObjectTable.class);
            bobjquery.setParameter("DocID", docID);         
            List<BusinessObjectTable> bobjs = bobjquery.getResultList();    

            if(bobjs!=null){
                for (BusinessObjectTable bobj : bobjs) {
                    ActionTable a = bobj.getActionTable();

                    ApprovalHistoryModel history = new ApprovalHistoryModel();
                    history.docId = bobj.getDocId();
                    history.taskId = bobj.getApprovalItemId();
                    history.userName = bobj.getUserName();

                    logger.debug("=ApprovalConnector=: getApprovalHistory(): documentID - "+bobj.getDocId());
                    history.actionType = a.getActionType();

                    logger.debug("=ApprovalConnector=: getApprovalHistory(): actionType - "+ history.actionType);

                    history.actionDate = ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime().print(new DateTime(a.getActionDate()));
                    history.objectIdentifier1 = bobj.getObjectIdentifier1();
                    history.objectIdentifier2=bobj.getObjectIdentifier2();
                    history.objectIdentifier3 = bobj.getObjectIdentifier3();
                    history.tenantId = a.getTenantId();

                    history.comment = a.getComment()!=null?a.getComment().getComment():"";
                    history.reason = a.getReason()!=null?a.getReason().getReason():"";

                    historyModels.add(history);
                }

            }
            logger.info("=ApprovalConnector=: end of getApprovalHistory()");
        }
        finally{
            closeEntityManager(entitymanager);
        }   
    }

        return historyModels;
    }

    public void createEntityManagerFactory() throws Exception
    {               
        Map<String, String> persistenceMap = new HashMap<String, String>();

        String jdbcDriver = getJdbcDriverName(JDBC_URL_H2DB);

        persistenceMap.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.driver", jdbcDriver);
        persistenceMap.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.url", JDBC_URL_H2DB);

        if (!JDBC_USERNAME_H2DB.isEmpty()) {
            persistenceMap.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.user", JDBC_USERNAME_H2DB);
        }
        if (!JDBC_PASSWORD_H2DB.isEmpty()) {
            persistenceMap.put("javax.persistence.jdbc.password", JDBC_PASSWORD_H2DB);
        }

        persistenceMap.put("eclipselink.session-name",System.currentTimeMillis() + "");

        this.emfactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(PERSISTANCE_UNIT_NAME, persistenceMap); 

    }

    public EntityManager getEntityManager()
    {               
        EntityManager entitymanager = this.emfactory.createEntityManager();
        return entitymanager;
    }

    public void closeEntityManager(EntityManager entitymanager)
    {
        if(entitymanager!=null)
            entitymanager.close();      
    }
    public void closeEntityManagerFactory()
    {
        if(this.emfactory!=null)
            this.emfactory.close();
    }

    private String getJdbcDriverName(String jdbcUrl) {
        if (jdbcUrl.startsWith("jdbc:sqlserver"))
            return JDBC_DRIVER_SQL;
        if (jdbcUrl.startsWith("jdbc:h2"))
            return JDBC_DRIVER_H2;
        if (jdbcUrl.startsWith("jdbc:hsqldb"))
            return JDBC_DRIVER_HSQL;
        return null;
    }



Test Calss:

    public class ApprovalHistoryTest {

        ApprovalHistory approvalHistory = new ApprovalHistory();

        @Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception {

            List<ApprovalHistoryModel> actionHistoryModels = new ArrayList<ApprovalHistoryModel>();     

                for(int i=0;i<=2;i++){
                ApprovalHistoryModel history = new ApprovalHistoryModel();
                String comment = "comment no. " + i;
                String reason = "reason no. " + i;
                String userName = "User" + i;
                history.taskId = "321YZ61_0026CV7Z0000XB" + i;
                history.actionDate = ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime().print(new DateTime(new Date()));
                history.actionType = i;
                history.comment = comment.trim();
                history.docId = "321YZ61_026CV7Z0000TD" + i;
                history.userName = userName;
                history.reason = reason;

                actionHistoryModels.add(history);

                }   
            approvalHistory.insertData(actionHistoryModels);
        }

        @After
        public void tearDown() throws Exception {
            DeleteApprovalHistory history = new DeleteApprovalHistory();
            try{
            history.purgeRecord(0,"DAYS");  
            approvalHistory.closeEntityManagerFactory();
        }catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
          }
        }


        @Test()
        public void test() {
            //ApprovalHistory approvalHistory = new ApprovalHistory();
            List<ApprovalHistoryModel> historyList = new ArrayList<ApprovalHistoryModel>(); 
            for(int i=0;i<=2;i++){
            ApprovalHistoryModel history = new ApprovalHistoryModel();
              try {
                  Thread.sleep(1000);
                  historyList=approvalHistory.getApprovalHistory(history.docId);
                  assertEquals("321YZ61_0026CV7Z0000XB" + i,historyList.get(i).taskId);`enter code here`
                  assertEquals("comment no. " + i,historyList.get(i).comment);
                  assertEquals("User" + i,historyList.get(i).userName);
                  assertEquals("reason no. " + i,historyList.get(i).reason);
                  assertEquals(i,historyList.get(i).actionType);


            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }   
            }
        }

    }

Persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.1"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">

  <persistence-unit name="Approval_History" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <class>com.perceptivesoftware.apapproval.history.ActionTable</class>
    <class>com.perceptivesoftware.apapproval.history.BusinessObjectTable</class>
    <class>com.perceptivesoftware.apapproval.history.CommentTable</class>
    <class>com.perceptivesoftware.apapproval.history.ReasonTable</class>
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
     <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
    <properties>
      <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="create-or-extend-tables" />
      <property name="eclipselink.logging.level.sql" value="FINE"/>
      <property name="eclipselink.logging.parameters" value="true"/>
      <property name="eclipselink.multitenant.tenants-share-cache" value="true" />          
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

公共类批准历史记录{
@PersistenceContext（unitName=“批准\历史记录”）
私有记录器Logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger（ApprovalHistory.class）；
public entitymanager工厂emfactory=null；
最终字符串JDBC_URL_H2DB=“JDBC:h2:file:./APApproval/ApprovalHistoryH2DB”；
最终字符串JDBC_USERNAME_H2DB=“”；
最终字符串JDBC_PASSWORD_H2DB=“”；
最后一个字符串JDBC_DRIVER_SQL=“com.microsoft.sqlserver.JDBC.SQLServerDriver”；
最后一个字符串JDBC_DRIVER_H2=“org.H2.DRIVER”；
最后一个字符串JDBC_DRIVER_HSQL=“org.hsqldb.JDBC.JDBCDriver”；
最终字符串持久性\u单位\u名称=“批准\u历史”；
最后一个字符串SELECT_BO_TABLE=“从BusinessObjectTable bobj中选择bobj，其中bobj.docId=：”；
最后一个字符串SELECT_COMMENT_TABLE=“从CommentTable COMMENT中选择COMMENT，其中COMMENT.actionTable.id位于：”；
最后一个字符串SELECT_REASON_TABLE=“从ReasonTable REASON中选择原因，其中REASON.actionTable.id位于：”；
公众认可历史（）
{
试一试{
createEntityManagerFactory（）；
}捕获（例外e）{
//TODO自动生成的捕捉块
e、 printStackTrace（）；
}
}
公共void insertData（列表历史列表）{
if（historyList！=null&&！historyList.isEmpty（））
{
EntityManager EntityManager=null；
尝试
{           
entitymanager=getEntityManager（）；
entitymanager.getTransaction（）.begin（）；
ApprovalHistoryModel firstItem=historyList.get（0）；
ActionTable a=新的ActionTable（firstItem.actionType、firstItem.tenantId、firstItem.comment、firstItem.reason）；
对于（ApprovalHistoryModel h:historyList）
{
a、 getBusinessObjects（）.add（新的BusinessObjectTable（h.userName、h.taskId、h.docId、h.objectIdentifier1、h.objectIdentifier2、h.objectIdentifier3、h.tenantId））；
}
entitymanager.persist（a）；
entitymanager.getTransaction（）.commit（）；
}
捕获（运行时异常e）{
if（entitymanager！=null&&entitymanager.getTransaction（）.isActive（））{
entitymanager.getTransaction（）.rollback（）；
}
投掷e；
}
最后{
closeEntityManager（entitymanager）；
}
}
}
公共列表getApprovalHistory（字符串docID）引发异常
{
logger.info（“=ApprovalConnector=：getApprovalHistory（）的开始）；
List historyModels=new ArrayList（）；
if（docID！=null&&！docID.isEmpty（））{
EntityManager EntityManager=null；
尝试
{
entitymanager=getEntityManager（）；
TypedQuery bobjquery=entitymanager.createQuery（选择_BO_TABLE+“DocID”，BusinessObjectTable.class）；
setParameter（“DocID”，DocID）；
List bobjs=bobjquery.getResultList（）；
如果（bobjs！=null）{
for（BusinessObjectTable bobj:bobjs）{
ActionTable a=bobj.getActionTable（）；
ApprovalHistoryModel history=新ApprovalHistoryModel（）；
history.docId=bobj.getDocId（）；
history.taskId=bobj.getApprovalItemId（）；
history.userName=bobj.getUserName（）；
logger.debug（“=ApprovalConnector=：getApprovalHistory（）：documentID-”+bobj.getDocId（））；
history.actionType=a.getActionType（）；
logger.debug（“=ApprovalConnector=：getApprovalHistory（）：actionType-”+history.actionType）；
history.actionDate=ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime（）.print（新日期时间（a.getActionDate（））；
history.objectIdentifier1=bobj.getObjectIdentifier1（）；
history.objectIdentifier2=bobj.getObjectIdentifier2（）；
history.objectIdentifier3=bobj.getObjectIdentifier3（）；
history.tenantId=a.getTenantId（）；
history.comment=a.getComment（）！=null？a.getComment（）.getComment（）：“”；
history.reason=a.getReason（）！=null？a.getReason（）.getReason（）：“”；
添加（历史）；
}
}
logger.info（“=ApprovalConnector=：getApprovalHistory（）的末尾”）；
}
最后{
closeEntityManager（entitymanager）；
}   
}
回归历史模型；
}
public void createEntityManagerFactory（）引发异常
{               
Map persistenceMap=newhashmap（）；
字符串jdbcDriver=getJdbcDriverName（JDBC_URL_H2DB）；
persistenceMap.put（“javax.persistence.jdbc.driver”，jdbcDriver）；
persistenceMap.put（“javax.persistence.jdbc.url”，jdbc_url_H2DB）；
如果（！JDBC_USERNAME_H2DB.isEmpty（））{
persistenceMap.put（“javax.persistence.jdbc.user”，jdbc_USERNAME_H2DB）；
}
如果（！JDBC_PASSWORD_H2DB.isEmpty（））{
persistenceMap.put（“javax.persistence.jdbc.password”，jdbc_password_H2DB）；
}
persistenceMap.put（“eclipselink.session name”，System.currentTimeMillis（）+”）；
this.emfactory=Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory（Persistence\u UNIT\u NAME，persistenceMap）；
}
公共实体管理器getEntityManager（）
{               
EntityManager EntityManager=this.emfactory.createEntityManager（）；
返回实体管理器；
}
公共无效关闭实体管理器（实体管理器实体管理器）
{
如果（entitymanager！=null）
全部
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "Approval_History")  
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApprovalHistory.class);

@PersistenceContext(unitName = "Approval_History")  
public EntityManager em;