Linux 链接工作，但ldd不显示链接库，运行时失败

我正试图从repo编译一个库。在根文件夹中运行

maketest

会生成一个可执行文件

tests

，该文件取决于

libpcrepoix

和

libpcre

。链接线如下所示：

gfortran -std=f2008 -fall-intrinsics -ffree-line-length-none -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-target-lifetime -Wno-compare-reals -Jbuild.gnu.debug -g -Og -fcheck=bounds,do,mem,pointer,recursion -Isrc -Itests  -DUSE_PCRE tests/tests.F90 build.gnu.debug/*.o -lpcreposix -lpcre -o build.gnu.debug/tests

如您所见，所需的库通过

-lpcreposix-lpcre

链接，此行成功执行，生成可执行的

测试，但在运行时崩溃。我强烈怀疑这次崩溃与这些库有关，因此我运行了
ldd测试
，显示了以下输出：

$ ldd build.gnu.debug/tests
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe5b481000)
libgfortran.so.5 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgfortran.so.5 (0x00007fd307a59000)
libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fd30790a000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fd3078ef000)
libquadmath.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007fd3078a5000)
libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd3076b3000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd307e24000)

如您所见，
libpcrepoix
和
libpcre
甚至不在该列表中。这些库是通过
sudo apt install libpcre3 libpcre3 dev安装的，我可以在
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcrepoix.so.3.13
和
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3
中看到它们。我已将此路径添加到
LD_LIBRARY_path
（在此之前根本不存在），但它没有改变任何内容

$ echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu

可执行的
测试
肯定依赖于这些库，但为了以防万一，我还尝试向链接行添加
-Wl，--no-as-needed
，这也没有改变任何东西。我在另一台机器上尝试了完全相同的操作序列，但它没有出现问题（并且我能够在
ldd
的输出中看到所需的库），因此它必须与我的机器的设置相关。我遇到问题的机器是最近创建的虚拟机（Ubuntu20），所以我可能忘了在这里安装或设置一些东西

编辑：

与
-Wl，--verbose
链接的输出：

$ gfortran -std=f2008 -fall-intrinsics -ffree-line-length-none -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wno-target-lifetime -Wno-compare-reals -Jbuild.gnu.debug -g -Og -fcheck=bounds,do,mem,pointer,recursion -Isrc -Itests  -DUSE_PCRE tests/tests.F90 build.gnu.debug/*.o -lpcreposix -lpcre -o build.gnu.debug/tests -Wl,--verbose
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
  Supported emulations:
   elf_x86_64
   elf32_x86_64
   elf_i386
   elf_iamcu
   elf_l1om
   elf_k1om
   i386pep
   i386pe
using internal linker script:
==================================================
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   Copying and distribution of this script, with or without modification,
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   notice and this notice are preserved.  */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-x86-64", "elf64-x86-64",
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OUTPUT_ARCH(i386:x86-64)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib64"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/lib");
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==================================================
/usr/bin/ld: mode elf_x86_64
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginS.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginS.o
attempt to open /tmp/ccJNio1k.o succeeded
/tmp/ccJNio1k.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/Animals.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/Animals.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlAlgorithmsTests.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlAlgorithmsTests.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlDynArrayPoint2D.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlDynArrayString.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlDynArrayTests.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlHashMapTests.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlHashSetString.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlHashSetTests.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlHashSetTests.o
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attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlListIntAlgorithms.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlListIntAlgorithms.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlListInt.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlListInt.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlListLeaky.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlListLeaky.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlListMovableLeaky.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlListMovableLeaky.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlListTests.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlListTests.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlRegex.o succeeded
build.gnu.debug/ftlRegex.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlRegexTests.o succeeded
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attempt to open build.gnu.debug/ftlSharedPtrInt.o succeeded
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build.gnu.debug/ftlStringAlgorithms.o
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build.gnu.debug/ftlTestTools.o
attempt to open build.gnu.debug/Leaky.o succeeded
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attempt to open build.gnu.debug/Point2D.o succeeded
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcreposix.so
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libpcre.so failed
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libm.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 failed
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/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
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attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libquadmath.so succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libquadmath.so
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec.so.1
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opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so.1 failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libc.a failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
attempt to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a succeeded
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
(/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a)elf-init.oS
attempt to open /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 succeeded
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
opened script file /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so
attempt to open libgcc_s.so.1 failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc_s.so.1 failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgcc.a
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o
attempt to open /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
libquadmath.so.0 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found libquadmath.so at /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libquadmath.so
libgcc_s.so.1 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found libgcc_s.so.1 at /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/libgfortran.so
found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

尝试在详细模式下运行链接器。它可能从您不打算使用的位置选择了静态库。
ldd
不显示任何静态库。它不知道什么是静态库。静态库的名称不会显示在可执行文件中。链接器似乎选择了这些库的静态版本。您应该发布详细输出。如果链接器未在详细模式下运行，请尝试
-Wl，--verbose
。如果链接器打开共享库但未将其添加到所需列表中，则可能意味着该库实际上不需要。否则我不知道这是什么原因。尝试在没有这些库的情况下构建，看看会发生什么。