List 在Perl中生成伪随机列表

我有一个包含79个条目的列表，每个条目看起来都与此类似：

"YellowCircle1.png\tc\tColor"

也就是说，每个条目有3个元素（.png文件、一个字母和一个类别）。类别可以是颜色、数字或形状

我想从这个伪随机列表中创建一个新列表。也就是说，我希望所有79个条目以随机顺序排列，但有一个限制

我使用shuffle为完全随机的版本创建了一个perl脚本：

# !/usr/bin/perl
# Perl script to generate input list for E-Prime experiment
# with semi-randomized trials
# Date: 2020-12-30

# Open text file
$filename = 'output_shuffled.txt';
open($fh, '>', $filename) or die "Could not open file '$filename'";

# Generate headline
print $fh "Weight\tNested\tProcedure\tCardIMG1\tCardIMG3\tCardIMG4\tCardStim\tCorrectAnswer\tTrialType\n";

# Array with list of stimuli including corresponding correct response and trial type
@stimulus = (
"BlueCross1.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueCross2.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueStar1.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueStar3.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueTriangle2.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueTriangle3.png\tm\tColor",
"GreenCircle1.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenCircle3.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenCircle1.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenCircle3.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenCross1.png \tv\tColor",
"GreenCross4.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenTriangle3.png\tv\tColor",
"GreenTriangle4.png\tv\tColor",
"RedCircle2.png\tc\tColor",
"RedCircle3.png\tc\tColor",
"RedCross2.png\tc\tColor",
"RedCross4.png\tc\tColor",
"RedStar3.png\tc\tColor",
"RedStar4.png\tc\tColor",
"YellowCircle1.png\tn\tColor",
"YellowCircle2.png\tn\tColor",
"YellowStar1.png\tn\tColor",
"YellowTriangle2.png\tn\tColor",
"YellowTriangle4.png\tn\tColor",
"BlueCross1.png\tc\tNumber",
"BlueCross2.png\tv\tNumber",
"BlueStar1.png\tc\tNumber",
"BlueStar3.png\tn\tNumber",
"BlueTriangle2.png\tv\tNumber",
"GreenCircle1.png\tc\tNumber",
"GreenCircle3.png\tn\tNumber",
"BlueCross1.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueCross2.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueStar1.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueStar3.png\tm\tColor",
"BlueTriangle2.png\tv\tNumber",
"BlueTriangle3.png\tn\tNumber",
"GreenCircle1.png\tc\tNumber",
"GreenCircle3.png\tn\tNumber",
"GreenCross1.png\tc\tColor",
"GreenCross4.png\tm\tColor",
"GreenTriangle3.png\tn\tColor",
"GreenTriangle4.png\tm\tColor",
"RedCircle2.png\tv\tNumber",
"RedCircle3.png\tn\tNumber",
"RedCross2.png\tv\tNumber",
"RedCross4.png\tm\tNumber",
"RedStar3.png\tn\tColor",
"RedStar4.png\tm\tColor",
"YellowCircle1.png\tc\tColor",
"YellowCircle2.png\tv\tColor",
"YellowStar1.png\tc\tNumber",
"YellowStar4.png\tm\tNumber",
"YellowTriangle2.png\tv\tNumber",
"YellowTriangle4.png\tm\tNumber",
"BlueCross1.png\tn\tShape",
"BlueCross2.png\tn\tShape",
"BlueStar1.png\tv\tShape",
"BlueStar3.png\tv\tShape",
"BlueTriangle2.png\tc\tShape",
"BlueTriangle3.png\tc\tShape",
"GreenCircle1.png\tm\tShape",
"GreenCircle3.png\tm Shape",
"GreenCross1.png\tn\tShape",
"GreenCross4.png\tn\tShape",
"GreenTriangle3.png\tc\tShape",
"GreenTriangle4.png\tc\tShape",
"RedCircle2.png\tm\tShape",
"RedCircle3.png\tm\tShape",
"RedCross2.png\tn\tShape",
"RedCross4.png\tn\tShape",
"RedStar3.png\tv\tShape",
"RedStar4.png\tv\tShape",
"YellowCircle1.png\tm\tShape",
"YellowCircle2.png\tm\tShape",
"YellowStar1.png\tv\tShape",
"YellowStar4.png\tv\tShape",
"YellowTriangle2.png\tc\tShape",
"YellowTriangle4.png\tc\tShape",
);

# Shuffle --> Pick at random without double entries
use List::Util 'shuffle';
@shuffled = shuffle(@stimulus);

# Print each line with fixed values and shuffled stimulus entries to file
print $fh "1\t" . "\t" . "TrialProc\t" . "RedTriangle1.png\t" . "Greenstar2.png\t" . "YellowCross3.png\t" . "BlueCircle4.png\t" . "\t$_\n" for @shuffled;

# Close text file
close($fh);

# Print to terminal
print "Done\n";

然而，我最终想要的是，类别不会连续切换多次，而是每3到5次（在这些数字之间随机切换）。例如，如果一行以“shape”结尾，下一行以“color”结尾，则下一行必须是“color”，否则将连续出现两个开关

---

我将如何创建这个？我怀疑我必须将条目更改为类似散列的内容，以便根据每个条目的最后一个元素（即“类别”）创建if构造？

解决方案——正如您已经猜到的那样——是分割数据并重新排列不符合规则的部分

下面是实现这一点的代码

# Shuffle --> Pick at random without double entries
use List::Util 'shuffle';
my @data = shuffle(map {[split("\t")]} @stimulus);
my @result, %used;
my $next = 0;
while (@result < @data) {
    my $pick = pick($next);
    if ($pick >= 0) {
        push @result, $pick;
        $used{$pick} = 1;
        $next = 0;
    } elsif (@result == 0) {
        die "no valid solution found"
    } else {
        ## backtrack
        print ".";
        $next = pop( @result )+1;
        $used{$next-1} = 0;
    }
}
my @shuffled = map {join("\t", @{$data[$_]})} @result;

在子拾取中

 if( $data[$result[-1]][2] eq $type ){
        if (@result >3) {
            next 
                if ($type eq $data[$result[-2]][2] && 
                    $type eq $data[$result[-3]][2] && 
                    $type eq $data[$result[-4]][2] )
        }

一行中同一类型不允许5次。如果您只想将同一类型的数据分解6次，则必须将其更改为

if( $data[$result[-1]][2] eq $type ){
        if (@result >4) {
            next 
                if ($type eq $data[$result[-2]][2] && 
                    $type eq $data[$result[-3]][2] && 
                    $type eq $data[$result[-4]][2] && 
                    $type eq $data[$result[-5]][2] )
        }

守则：

        if (@result >1) {
            next 
                if ($data[$result[-1]][2] ne $data[$result[-2]][2]);
        }

对同一类型强制执行3次（至少）。如果要将此更改为4次，则必须使用

        if (@result >2) {
            next 
                if ($data[$result[-1]][2] ne $data[$result[-2]][2] 
                   || $data[$result[-1]][2] ne $data[$result[-3]][2]);
        }

---

这只会在第一个条目中给出“找不到有效的解决方案”。这是否应该像您在我的代码中交换洗牌部分（并添加子拾取）时发布的那样工作？或者我需要调整一些东西吗？我在我的电脑上测试了它。但是我没有测试输出，所以我在重新加入分割输出时漏掉了一个输入错误。现在修好了。无法解释您得到的“无有效解决方案”。但有时它会运行相当长的一段时间，现在就可以运行了。然而，一个类型有时一行只出现两次，但我更喜欢每3-5次才有一个开关。在第一行中，它有时会连续产生3个移位。我是Perl新手，所以我不太理解code@neuronain这两个问题都必须在“拾取”子节点（强制约束）中修复。因此，如果你不想一开始就换班3次，那么将'if（@result>2）{`行改为'if（@result>1）{`行似乎很有效。如果我想改变换班频率（例如从3-5改为4-6），我会在哪里调整？

        if (@result >2) {
            next 
                if ($data[$result[-1]][2] ne $data[$result[-2]][2] 
                   || $data[$result[-1]][2] ne $data[$result[-3]][2]);
        }