如何在macOS Catalina上安装带有Oracle即时客户端的Perl DBD:：Oracle

我正在运行macOS Catalina 10.15.7，需要安装Oracle Instant Client来运行连接到数据库的Perl脚本

1.安装Oracle即时客户端 我下载了我需要的软件包：

• 基本照明组件（DMG）
• SDK包（DMG）
• ODBC包（DMG）

从Instant Client 19.8开始，并遵循没有任何问题（只是复制和粘贴）

文件在

/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

2.设置

ORACLE\u HOME

接下来，我将ORACLE_HOME设置为

/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

3.安装DBD:：Oracle 当我尝试安装

DBD:：Oracle

时，出现以下错误：

$ cpanm DBD::Oracle
--> Working on DBD::Oracle
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/M/MJ/MJEVANS/DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring DBD-Oracle-1.80 ... N/A
! Configure failed for DBD-Oracle-1.80. See /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log for details.

日志文件的内容：

$ cat /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log
cpanm (App::cpanminus) 1.7044 on perl 5.032000 built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
Work directory is /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272
You have make /usr/bin/make
You have LWP 6.47
You have /usr/bin/tar: bsdtar 3.3.2 - libarchive 3.3.2 zlib/1.2.11 liblzma/5.0.5 bz2lib/1.0.6
You have /usr/bin/unzip
Searching DBD::Oracle () on cpanmetadb ...
--> Working on DBD::Oracle
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/M/MJ/MJEVANS/DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz
-> OK
Unpacking DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz
Entering DBD-Oracle-1.80
Checking configure dependencies from META.json
Checking if you have Config 0 ... Yes (5.032000)
Checking if you have Encode 0 ... Yes (3.06)
Checking if you have Math::BigInt 0 ... Yes (1.999818)
Checking if you have Devel::Peek 0 ... Yes (1.28)
Checking if you have Test::More 0 ... Yes (1.302177)
Checking if you have ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.58 ... Yes (7.44)
Checking if you have Data::Dumper 0 ... Yes (2.174)
Checking if you have DBI 1.623 ... Yes (1.643)
Checking if you have Test::NoWarnings 0 ... Yes (1.04)
Configuring DBD-Oracle-1.80
Running Makefile.PL
Using DBI 1.643 (for perl 5.032000 on darwin-thread-multi-2level) installed in /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.32.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.32.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI/
Configuring DBD::Oracle for perl 5.032000 on darwin (darwin-thread-multi-2level)

If you encounter any problem, a collection of troubleshooting
guides are available under lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting.
'DBD::Oracle::Troubleshooting' is the general troubleshooting
guide, while platform-specific troubleshooting hints
live in their labelled sub-document (e.g., Win32
hints are gathered in 'lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting/Win32.pod').

Trying to find an ORACLE_HOME
Your DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH env var is set to ''

      The ORACLE_HOME environment variable is not set and I couldn't guess it.
      It must be set to hold the path to an Oracle installation directory
      on this machine (or a machine with a compatible architecture).
      See the appropriate troubleshooting guide for your OS for more information.
      ABORTED!

-> N/A
-> FAIL Configure failed for DBD-Oracle-1.80. See /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log for details.

---

我已经读到，

ORACLE\u HOME

应该设置为包含

/bin

目录的目录的值，但是我找不到任何

/bin

brew install perl
ln -s $HOME/Downloads/instantclient_19_8 $HOME/instantclient
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/instantclient
cpan -i -T DBI
cpan -i -T DBD::Oracle

一般来说，不要为即时客户端设置ORACLE_主页。（这可能导致读取错误的配置文件）。ORACLE_HOME用于“完整”数据库或完整客户端安装，而不是即时客户端。但是，一些安装程序仍然引用该变量来查找生成文件，因此您将需要它-至少在生成时需要它。DBD:：Oracle将在内部搜索即时客户端，如果未设置$Oracle\U HOME，则使用$HOME/instantclient

macOS已经逐渐消除了DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH的用处，因为它不会传播到子shell。这意味着它不能可靠地使用。在Mojave上，我发现我也可以将即时客户端库复制到$HOME/lib/，而不需要设置DYLD\u LIBRARY\u路径

旁注：如果您使用的是DBD:：Oracle，则不需要即时客户端ODBC包。
如果有人投票赞成关闭该问题，请您写一篇评论，解释原因？（你所说的
是什么意思？这个问题不符合堆栈溢出准则
？）