Python 为什么我的单元测试工作在Chrome驱动程序上，而不是PhantomJS上？

我在写我的第一个单元测试

我使用Chrome驱动程序编写测试，如下所示：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import unittest

class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(r"C:\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver")

    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(r"http://www.python.org")
        self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
        el = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
        el.send_keys("pycon")
        el = driver.find_element_by_id("submit")
        el.click()
        assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

在终端上运行它，它就工作了。终端返回：

.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 7.873s

OK

但如果我替换

self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(r"C:\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver")

与

代码如下

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import unittest


class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(r"C:\phantomjs-2.1.1\bin\phantomjs")


    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(r"http://www.python.org")
        self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
        el = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
        el.send_keys("pycon")
        el = driver.find_element_by_id("submit")
        el.click()
        assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

我的终端给我一个错误：

E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_search_in_python_org (__main__.PythonOrgSearch)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_python_org_search.py", line 24, in test_search_in_python_org
    el.click()
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)
    self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)
    return self._parent.execute(command, params)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)    
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotVisibleException: Message: {"errorMessage":"Element is not   
"Content-Length":"81","Content-Type":"application/json;charset=UTF-8","Host":"127.0.0.1:50294",   
67e-433b649e227d\"}","url":"/click","urlParsed":{"anchor":"","query":"","file":"click",    
elative":"/click","port":"","host":"","password":"","user":"","userInfo":"","authority":"",    
","queryKey":{},"chunks":["click"]},    
46/click"}}
Screenshot: available via screen

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 6.214s

FAILED (errors=1)

---

有人能告诉我为什么我不能在PhantomJS中使用

点击
？
使用PhantomJS时，屏幕截图是最有用的调试工具之一。我修改了您的脚本以记录故障点的屏幕截图：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import unittest


class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()


    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get(r"http://www.python.org")
        self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
        el = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
        el.send_keys("pycon")
        el = driver.find_element_by_id("submit")
        try:
            el.click()
        except:
            screenshot = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
            with open('screenshot.png', 'wb') as w:
                w.write(screenshot)
        assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

当我运行它时，我得到了

您将注意到，该页面已呈现为移动浏览器。使用phantomjs时，应设置浏览器窗口大小：

def setUp(self):
    self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    self.driver.set_window_size(800, 1000)

完成此操作并比较chrome和phantom渲染后，您将看到phantom没有正确加载到submit按钮中：


解决方法之一是发送ENTER键，而不是单击按钮：

def test_search_in_python_org(self):
    driver = self.driver
    driver.set_window_size(800, 1000)
    driver.get(r"http://www.python.org")
    self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
    el = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
    el.send_keys("pycon")
    el.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    screenshot = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
    with open('screenshot2.png', 'wb') as w:
        w.write(screenshot)

使用上述代码，我现在可以看到结果：


值得注意的是，这就是为什么包括我在内的许多人不使用PhantomJS进行测试的原因。我发现使用Chrome和/或Firefox要好得多，可以在自己的无头模式下运行，也可以使用虚拟帧缓冲区（比如Xvfb）

我个人在基于云的linux实例上进行测试，并使用来管理虚拟显示。安装了这两个组件后，pyvirtualdisplay将完全管理您的虚拟显示会话。要将其与上述脚本一起使用，我将执行以下操作：

from pyvirtualdisplay import Display

class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.display = Display(visible=False, size=(1200, 1500))
        self.display.start()
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()


    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        # Do test

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()
        self.display.stop()

尽管如此，我没有使用Windows的经验，但我相信该操作系统也有类似的配置
非常感谢。看来我可以从我的电脑上删除幻影。你能给我一些关于在无头模式下使用Chrome的例子、材料或文档吗？@PaichengWu我在回答中添加了一些额外的细节
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display

class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.display = Display(visible=False, size=(1200, 1500))
        self.display.start()
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()


    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        # Do test

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()
        self.display.stop()