如何用Python检查网络中是否存在ip?

如何用Python检查网络中是否存在ip?,python,networking,ip-address,cidr,Python,Networking,Ip Address,Cidr,给定一个ip地址(比如192.168.0.1),如何用Python检查它是否在网络中(比如192.168.0.0/24) Python中是否有用于ip地址操作的通用工具?像主机查找、ip地址到int、网络地址和网络掩码到int等等?希望是在2.5版的标准Python库中。我不知道标准库中有什么,但它是一个可以进行子网匹配的Python库。显示您可以使用和模块进行匹配,而无需太多额外的工作。我在文章中添加了以下内容: import socket,struct def makeMask(n):

给定一个ip地址(比如192.168.0.1),如何用Python检查它是否在网络中(比如192.168.0.0/24)


Python中是否有用于ip地址操作的通用工具?像主机查找、ip地址到int、网络地址和网络掩码到int等等?希望是在2.5版的标准Python库中。

我不知道标准库中有什么,但它是一个可以进行子网匹配的Python库。

显示您可以使用和模块进行匹配,而无需太多额外的工作。我在文章中添加了以下内容:

import socket,struct

def makeMask(n):
    "return a mask of n bits as a long integer"
    return (2L<<n-1) - 1

def dottedQuadToNum(ip):
    "convert decimal dotted quad string to long integer"
    return struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]

def networkMask(ip,bits):
    "Convert a network address to a long integer" 
    return dottedQuadToNum(ip) & makeMask(bits)

def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
   "Is an address in a network"
   return ip & net == net

address = dottedQuadToNum("192.168.1.1")
networka = networkMask("10.0.0.0",24)
networkb = networkMask("192.168.0.0",24)
print (address,networka,networkb)
print addressInNetwork(address,networka)
print addressInNetwork(address,networkb)
如果您只需要一个接受字符串的函数,它将如下所示:

import socket,struct

def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
   "Is an address in a network"
   ipaddr = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
   netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
   netmask = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & ((2L<<int(bits)-1) - 1)
   return ipaddr & netmask == netmask
from netaddr import IPNetwork, IPAddress
if IPAddress("192.168.0.1") in IPNetwork("192.168.0.0/24"):
    print "Yay!"
导入套接字,结构
def地址网络(ip,网络):
“是网络中的地址”
ipaddr=struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
NetAddress,位=net.split(“/”)
netmask=struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]&((2L我喜欢用于:

from netaddr import CIDR, IP

if IP("192.168.0.1") in CIDR("192.168.0.0/24"):
    print "Yay!"
正如arno_v在评论中指出的那样,新版本的NetAddress是这样做的:

import socket,struct

def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
   "Is an address in a network"
   ipaddr = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
   netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
   netmask = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & ((2L<<int(bits)-1) - 1)
   return ipaddr & netmask == netmask
from netaddr import IPNetwork, IPAddress
if IPAddress("192.168.0.1") in IPNetwork("192.168.0.0/24"):
    print "Yay!"
使用(,):


如果您想以这种方式评估许多IP地址,您可能需要预先计算网络掩码,如

n = ipaddress.ip_network('192.0.0.0/16')
netw = int(n.network_address)
mask = int(n.netmask)
然后,对于每个地址,使用以下方法之一计算二进制表示形式:

a = int(ipaddress.ip_address('192.0.43.10'))
a = struct.unpack('!I', socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, '192.0.43.10'))[0]
a = struct.unpack('!I', socket.inet_aton('192.0.43.10'))[0]  # IPv4 only
最后,您可以简单地检查:

in_network = (a & mask) == netw

感谢您的脚本!
我在这方面做了相当长的工作,以使一切工作…所以我在这里分享它

  • 使用NETADDR类比使用二进制转换慢10倍,所以如果您想在IP的大列表中使用它,则应该考虑不使用NETADDR类
  • makeMask函数不工作!仅适用于/8、/16、/24
    Ex:


    bits=“21”;socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('=L'),(2L这段代码在Linux x86上对我有效。我没有真正考虑到endianess问题,但我使用超过200K的IP地址对“ipaddr”模块对其进行了测试,并对8个不同的网络字符串进行了测试,ipaddr的结果与此代码相同

    def addressInNetwork(ip, net):
       import socket,struct
       ipaddr = int(''.join([ '%02x' % int(x) for x in ip.split('.') ]), 16)
       netstr, bits = net.split('/')
       netaddr = int(''.join([ '%02x' % int(x) for x in netstr.split('.') ]), 16)
       mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - int(bits))) & 0xffffffff
       return (ipaddr & mask) == (netaddr & mask)
    

    马克的代码几乎是正确的。完整版本的代码是-

    def addressInNetwork3(ip,net):
        '''This function allows you to check if on IP belogs to a Network'''
        ipaddr = struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
        netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
        netmask = struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(calcDottedNetmask(int(bits))))[0]
        network = struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & netmask
        return (ipaddr & netmask) == (network & netmask)
    
    def calcDottedNetmask(mask):
        bits = 0
        for i in xrange(32-mask,32):
            bits |= (1 << i)
        return "%d.%d.%d.%d" % ((bits & 0xff000000) >> 24, (bits & 0xff0000) >> 16, (bits & 0xff00) >> 8 , (bits & 0xff))
    
    def地址网络3(ip,网络):
    ''此功能允许您检查IP上是否属于网络''
    ipaddr=struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
    NetAddress,位=net.split(“/”)
    netmask=struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(calcDottedNetmask(int(bits)))[0]
    network=struct.unpack('=L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]&网络掩码
    返回(ipaddr和网络掩码)==(网络和网络掩码)
    def calcDottedNetmask(掩码):
    位=0
    对于X范围内的i(32掩模,32):
    位|=(1>24,(位&0xff0000)>>16,(位&0xff00)>>8,(位&0xff))
    
    显然,从与上述相同的来源

    一个非常重要的注意事项是,第一个代码有一个小故障-IP地址255.255.255.255也显示为任何子网的有效IP。我花了很长时间才使此代码正常工作,感谢Marc提供了正确答案。

    从NetAddress导入所有匹配的CIDR 以下是此方法的用法:

    >>> help(all_matching_cidrs)
    
    Help on function all_matching_cidrs in module netaddr.ip:
    
    all_matching_cidrs(ip, cidrs)
        Matches an IP address or subnet against a given sequence of IP addresses and subnets.
    
        @param ip: a single IP address or subnet.
    
        @param cidrs: a sequence of IP addresses and/or subnets.
    
        @return: all matching IPAddress and/or IPNetwork objects from the provided
        sequence, an empty list if there was no match.
    
    基本上,第一个参数是ip地址,第二个参数是CIDR列表,返回命中列表

    #This works properly without the weird byte by byte handling def addressInNetwork(ip,net): '''Is an address in a network''' # Convert addresses to host order, so shifts actually make sense ip = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0] netaddr,bits = net.split('/') netaddr = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] # Must shift left an all ones value, /32 = zero shift, /0 = 32 shift left netmask = (0xffffffff << (32-int(bits))) & 0xffffffff # There's no need to mask the network address, as long as its a proper network address return (ip & netmask) == netaddr #这在没有奇怪的逐字节处理的情况下正常工作 def地址网络(ip,网络): ''是网络中的地址'' #将地址转换为主机顺序,这样移位才有意义 ip=struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0] NetAddress,位=net.split(“/”) netaddr=struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] #必须左移所有1的值,/32=零移,/0=32左移 网络掩码=(0xFFFFFF<<(32整数(位))&0xFFFFFF #不需要屏蔽网络地址,只要它是正确的网络地址 返回(ip和网络掩码)=NetAddress
    我尝试了Dave Webb的解决方案,但遇到了一些问题:

    最基本的是,应该通过将IP地址与掩码进行AND运算来检查匹配情况,然后检查结果是否与网络地址完全匹配。而不是像以前那样将IP地址与网络地址进行AND运算

    我还注意到,只要忽略Endian行为(假设一致性将保存),您将只对八位字节边界(/24,/16)上的掩码有效。为了使其他掩码(/23,/21)正常工作,我在struct命令中添加了一个“大于”,并将用于创建二进制掩码的代码改为以所有“1”开头并向左移动(32掩码)

    最后,我添加了一个简单的检查,确保网络地址对掩码有效,如果无效,只需打印一条警告

    结果如下:

    def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
        "Is an address in a network"
        ipaddr = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
        netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
        netmask = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]
        ipaddr_masked = ipaddr & (4294967295<<(32-int(bits)))   # Logical AND of IP address and mask will equal the network address if it matches
        if netmask == netmask & (4294967295<<(32-int(bits))):   # Validate network address is valid for mask
                return ipaddr_masked == netmask
        else:
                print "***WARNING*** Network",netaddr,"not valid with mask /"+bits
                return ipaddr_masked == netmask
    
    def地址网络(ip,网络):
    “是网络中的地址”
    ipaddr=struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
    NetAddress,位=net.split(“/”)
    netmask=struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]
    
    ipaddr_masked=ipaddr&(4294967295与上述所有内容相关,我认为socket.inet_aton()以网络顺序返回字节,因此解包它们的正确方法可能是

    struct.unpack('!L', ... )
    

    下面是我为最长前缀匹配编写的一个类:

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    
    class Node:
    def __init__(self):
        self.left_child = None
        self.right_child = None
        self.data = "-"
    
    def setData(self, data): self.data = data
    def setLeft(self, pointer): self.left_child = pointer
    def setRight(self, pointer): self.right_child = pointer
    def getData(self): return self.data
    def getLeft(self): return self.left_child
    def getRight(self): return self.right_child
    
    def __str__(self):
            return "LC: %s RC: %s data: %s" % (self.left_child, self.right_child, self.data)
    
    
    class LPMTrie:      
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.nodes = [Node()]
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
    
    def addPrefix(self, prefix):
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
        prefix_bits = ''.join([bin(int(x)+256)[3:] for x in prefix.split('/')[0].split('.')])
        prefix_length = int(prefix.split('/')[1])
        for i in xrange(0, prefix_length):
            if (prefix_bits[i] == '1'):
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()
                else:
                    tmp = Node()
                    self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setRight(len(self.nodes))
                    tmp.setData(self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData());
                    self.curr_node_ind = len(self.nodes)
                    self.nodes.append(tmp)
            else:
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()
                else:
                    tmp = Node()
                    self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setLeft(len(self.nodes))
                    tmp.setData(self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData());
                    self.curr_node_ind = len(self.nodes)
                    self.nodes.append(tmp)
    
            if i == prefix_length - 1 :
                self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setData(prefix)
    
    def searchPrefix(self, ip):
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
        ip_bits = ''.join([bin(int(x)+256)[3:] for x in ip.split('.')])
        for i in xrange(0, 32):
            if (ip_bits[i] == '1'):
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()
                else:
                    return self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData()
            else:
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()
                else:
                    return self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData()
    
        return None
    
    def triePrint(self):
        n = 1
        for i in self.nodes:
            print n, ':'
            print i
            n += 1
    
    这是一个测试程序:

    n=LPMTrie()
    n.addPrefix('10.25.63.0/24')
    n.addPrefix('10.25.63.0/16')
    n.addPrefix('100.25.63.2/8')
    n.addPrefix('100.25.0.3/16')
    print n.searchPrefix('10.25.63.152')
    print n.searchPrefix('100.25.63.200')
    #10.25.63.0/24
    #100.25.0.3/16
    

    不是在2.5版的标准库中,但是ipaddr使这变得非常简单。我相信它在3.3版中的名称是ipaddress

    import ipaddr
    
    a = ipaddr.IPAddress('192.168.0.1')
    n = ipaddr.IPNetwork('192.168.0.0/24')
    
    #This will return True
    n.Contains(a)
    

    以前的解决方案在ip&net==net中存在错误。正确的ip查找是ip&netmask=net

    修正代码:

    import socket
    import struct
    
    def makeMask(n):
        "return a mask of n bits as a long integer"
        return (2L<<n-1) - 1
    
    def dottedQuadToNum(ip):
        "convert decimal dotted quad string to long integer"
        return struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
    
    def addressInNetwork(ip,net,netmask):
       "Is an address in a network"
       print "IP "+str(ip) + " NET "+str(net) + " MASK "+str(netmask)+" AND "+str(ip & netmask)
       return ip & netmask == net
    
    def humannetcheck(ip,net):
            address=dottedQuadToNum(ip)
            netaddr=dottedQuadToNum(net.split("/")[0])
            netmask=makeMask(long(net.split("/")[1]))
            return addressInNetwork(address,netaddr,netmask)
    
    
    print humannetcheck("192.168.0.1","192.168.0.0/24");
    print humannetcheck("192.169.0.1","192.168.0.0/24");
    
    导入套接字
    导入结构
    def生成掩码(n):
    “将n位掩码作为长整数返回”
    
    return(2L选择的答案有一个bug

    以下是正确的代码:

    def addressInNetwork(ip, net_n_bits):
       ipaddr = struct.unpack('<L', socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
       net, bits = net_n_bits.split('/')
       netaddr = struct.unpack('<L', socket.inet_aton(net))[0]
       netmask = ((1L << int(bits)) - 1)
       return ipaddr & netmask == netaddr & netmask
    
    def地址网络(ip、网络位):
    
    ipaddr=struct.unpack(“我不喜欢在不需要模块的时候使用它们。这项工作只需要简单的数学运算,所以下面是我完成这项工作的简单函数:

    def ipToInt(ip):
        o = map(int, ip.split('.'))
        res = (16777216 * o[0]) + (65536 * o[1]) + (256 * o[2]) + o[3]
        return res
    
    def isIpInSubnet(ip, ipNetwork, maskLength):
        ipInt = ipToInt(ip)#my test ip, in int form
    
        maskLengthFromRight = 32 - maskLength
    
        ipNetworkInt = ipToInt(ipNetwork) #convert the ip network into integer form
        binString = "{0:b}".format(ipNetworkInt) #convert that into into binary (string format)
    
        chopAmount = 0 #find out how much of that int I need to cut off
        for i in range(maskLengthFromRight):
            if i < len(binString):
                chopAmount += int(binString[len(binString)-1-i]) * 2**i
    
        minVal = ipNetworkInt-chopAmount
        maxVal = minVal+2**maskLengthFromRight -1
    
        return minVal <= ipInt and ipInt <= maxVal
    

    就是这样,这比上面包含模块的解决方案要快得多。

    只要可能,我推荐内置模块。虽然它只在Python 3中可用,但它非常易于使用,
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    
    class Node:
    def __init__(self):
        self.left_child = None
        self.right_child = None
        self.data = "-"
    
    def setData(self, data): self.data = data
    def setLeft(self, pointer): self.left_child = pointer
    def setRight(self, pointer): self.right_child = pointer
    def getData(self): return self.data
    def getLeft(self): return self.left_child
    def getRight(self): return self.right_child
    
    def __str__(self):
            return "LC: %s RC: %s data: %s" % (self.left_child, self.right_child, self.data)
    
    
    class LPMTrie:      
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.nodes = [Node()]
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
    
    def addPrefix(self, prefix):
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
        prefix_bits = ''.join([bin(int(x)+256)[3:] for x in prefix.split('/')[0].split('.')])
        prefix_length = int(prefix.split('/')[1])
        for i in xrange(0, prefix_length):
            if (prefix_bits[i] == '1'):
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()
                else:
                    tmp = Node()
                    self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setRight(len(self.nodes))
                    tmp.setData(self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData());
                    self.curr_node_ind = len(self.nodes)
                    self.nodes.append(tmp)
            else:
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()
                else:
                    tmp = Node()
                    self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setLeft(len(self.nodes))
                    tmp.setData(self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData());
                    self.curr_node_ind = len(self.nodes)
                    self.nodes.append(tmp)
    
            if i == prefix_length - 1 :
                self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].setData(prefix)
    
    def searchPrefix(self, ip):
        self.curr_node_ind = 0
        ip_bits = ''.join([bin(int(x)+256)[3:] for x in ip.split('.')])
        for i in xrange(0, 32):
            if (ip_bits[i] == '1'):
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getRight()
                else:
                    return self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData()
            else:
                if (self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()):
                    self.curr_node_ind = self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getLeft()
                else:
                    return self.nodes[self.curr_node_ind].getData()
    
        return None
    
    def triePrint(self):
        n = 1
        for i in self.nodes:
            print n, ':'
            print i
            n += 1
    
    n=LPMTrie()
    n.addPrefix('10.25.63.0/24')
    n.addPrefix('10.25.63.0/16')
    n.addPrefix('100.25.63.2/8')
    n.addPrefix('100.25.0.3/16')
    print n.searchPrefix('10.25.63.152')
    print n.searchPrefix('100.25.63.200')
    #10.25.63.0/24
    #100.25.0.3/16
    
    import ipaddr
    
    a = ipaddr.IPAddress('192.168.0.1')
    n = ipaddr.IPNetwork('192.168.0.0/24')
    
    #This will return True
    n.Contains(a)
    
    import socket
    import struct
    
    def makeMask(n):
        "return a mask of n bits as a long integer"
        return (2L<<n-1) - 1
    
    def dottedQuadToNum(ip):
        "convert decimal dotted quad string to long integer"
        return struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
    
    def addressInNetwork(ip,net,netmask):
       "Is an address in a network"
       print "IP "+str(ip) + " NET "+str(net) + " MASK "+str(netmask)+" AND "+str(ip & netmask)
       return ip & netmask == net
    
    def humannetcheck(ip,net):
            address=dottedQuadToNum(ip)
            netaddr=dottedQuadToNum(net.split("/")[0])
            netmask=makeMask(long(net.split("/")[1]))
            return addressInNetwork(address,netaddr,netmask)
    
    
    print humannetcheck("192.168.0.1","192.168.0.0/24");
    print humannetcheck("192.169.0.1","192.168.0.0/24");
    
    def addressInNetwork(ip, net_n_bits):
       ipaddr = struct.unpack('<L', socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
       net, bits = net_n_bits.split('/')
       netaddr = struct.unpack('<L', socket.inet_aton(net))[0]
       netmask = ((1L << int(bits)) - 1)
       return ipaddr & netmask == netaddr & netmask
    
    def ipToInt(ip):
        o = map(int, ip.split('.'))
        res = (16777216 * o[0]) + (65536 * o[1]) + (256 * o[2]) + o[3]
        return res
    
    def isIpInSubnet(ip, ipNetwork, maskLength):
        ipInt = ipToInt(ip)#my test ip, in int form
    
        maskLengthFromRight = 32 - maskLength
    
        ipNetworkInt = ipToInt(ipNetwork) #convert the ip network into integer form
        binString = "{0:b}".format(ipNetworkInt) #convert that into into binary (string format)
    
        chopAmount = 0 #find out how much of that int I need to cut off
        for i in range(maskLengthFromRight):
            if i < len(binString):
                chopAmount += int(binString[len(binString)-1-i]) * 2**i
    
        minVal = ipNetworkInt-chopAmount
        maxVal = minVal+2**maskLengthFromRight -1
    
        return minVal <= ipInt and ipInt <= maxVal
    
    >>> print isIpInSubnet('66.151.97.0', '66.151.97.192',24) 
    True
    >>> print isIpInSubnet('66.151.97.193', '66.151.97.192',29) 
    True
    >>> print isIpInSubnet('66.151.96.0', '66.151.97.192',24) 
    False
    >>> print isIpInSubnet('66.151.97.0', '66.151.97.192',29) 
    
        import socket,struct
        
        def addressInNetwork(ip, net_n_bits):  
          ipaddr = struct.unpack('!L', socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
          net, bits = net_n_bits.split('/')
          netaddr = struct.unpack('!L', socket.inet_aton(net))[0]
          netmask = (0xFFFFFFFF >> int(bits)) ^ 0xFFFFFFFF
          return ipaddr & netmask == netaddr
    
        def bb(i):
         def s = '{:032b}'.format(i)
         def return s[0:8]+"."+s[8:16]+"."+s[16:24]+"."+s[24:32]
    
    class iptools:
        @staticmethod
        def dottedQuadToNum(ip):
            "convert decimal dotted quad string to long integer"
            return struct.unpack('>L', socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
    
        @staticmethod
        def numToDottedQuad(n):
            "convert long int to dotted quad string"
            return socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('>L', n))
    
        @staticmethod
        def makeNetmask(mask):
            bits = 0
            for i in xrange(32-int(mask), 32):
                bits |= (1 << i)
            return bits
    
        @staticmethod
        def ipToNetAndHost(ip, maskbits):
            "returns tuple (network, host) dotted-quad addresses given"
            " IP and mask size"
            # (by Greg Jorgensen)
            n = iptools.dottedQuadToNum(ip)
            m = iptools.makeMask(maskbits)
            net = n & m
            host = n - mask
            return iptools.numToDottedQuad(net), iptools.numToDottedQuad(host)
    
    import SubnetTree
    t = SubnetTree.SubnetTree()
    t.insert("10.0.1.3/32")
    print("10.0.1.3" in t)
    
    import socket,struct
    def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
        "Is an address in a network"
        ipaddr = struct.unpack('!L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
        netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
        netaddr = struct.unpack('!L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0]
        netmask = ((1<<(32-int(bits))) - 1)^0xffffffff
        return ipaddr & netmask == netaddr & netmask
    print addressInNetwork('10.10.10.110','10.10.10.128/25')
    print addressInNetwork('10.10.10.110','10.10.10.0/25')
    print addressInNetwork('10.10.10.110','10.20.10.128/25')
    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import socket
    
    
    class SubnetTest(object):
        def __init__(self, network):
            self.network, self.netmask = network.split('/')
            self._network_int = int(socket.inet_aton(self.network).encode('hex'), 16)
            self._mask = ((1L << int(self.netmask)) - 1) << (32 - int(self.netmask))
            self._net_prefix = self._network_int & self._mask
    
        def match(self, ip):
            '''
            判断传入的 IP 是不是本 Network 内的 IP
            '''
            ip_int = int(socket.inet_aton(ip).encode('hex'), 16)
            return (ip_int & self._mask) == self._net_prefix
    
    st = SubnetTest('100.98.21.0/24')
    print st.match('100.98.23.32')
    
    def ip_matches_network(self, network, ip):
        """
        '{:08b}'.format(254): Converts 254 in a string of its binary representation
    
        ip_bits[:net_mask] == net_ip_bits[:net_mask]: compare the ip bit streams
    
        :param network: string like '192.168.33.0/24'
        :param ip: string like '192.168.33.1'
        :return: if ip matches network
        """
        net_ip, net_mask = network.split('/')
        net_mask = int(net_mask)
        ip_bits = ''.join('{:08b}'.format(int(x)) for x in ip.split('.'))
        net_ip_bits = ''.join('{:08b}'.format(int(x)) for x in net_ip.split('.'))
        # example: net_mask=24 -> compare strings at position 0 to 23
        return ip_bits[:net_mask] == net_ip_bits[:net_mask]
    
    def ip_to_u32(ip):
      return int(''.join('%02x' % int(d) for d in ip.split('.')), 16)
    
    SNS_SOURCES = [
      # US-EAST-1
      '207.171.167.101',
      '207.171.167.25',
      '207.171.167.26',
      '207.171.172.6',
      '54.239.98.0/24',
      '54.240.217.16/29',
      '54.240.217.8/29',
      '54.240.217.64/28',
      '54.240.217.80/29',
      '72.21.196.64/29',
      '72.21.198.64/29',
      '72.21.198.72',
      '72.21.217.0/24',
      ]
    
    def build_masks():
      masks = [ ]
      for cidr in SNS_SOURCES:
        if '/' in cidr:
          netstr, bits = cidr.split('/')
          mask = (0xffffffff << (32 - int(bits))) & 0xffffffff
          net = ip_to_u32(netstr) & mask
        else:
          mask = 0xffffffff
          net = ip_to_u32(cidr)
        masks.append((mask, net))
      return masks
    
    ip = ip_to_u32(ipstr)
    for mask, net in cached_masks:
      if ip & mask == net:
        # matched!
        break
    else:
      raise BadClientIP(ipstr)
    
    def IP2Int(ip):
        o = map(int, ip.split('.'))
        res = (16777216 * o[0]) + (65536 * o[1]) + (256 * o[2]) + o[3]
        return res
    
    
    def addressInNetwork(ip, net_n_bits):
        ipaddr = IP2Int(ip)
        net, bits = net_n_bits.split('/')
        netaddr = IP2Int(net)
        bits_num = int(bits)
        netmask = ((1L << bits_num) - 1) << (32 - bits_num)
        return ipaddr & netmask == netaddr & netmask
    
    import ipaddress
    ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.1.1') in ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/24')
    ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.1.1') in ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/16')
    
    False
    True
    
    import ipaddress
    
    address = ipaddress.ip_address("192.168.0.1")
    network = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.0.0/16")
    
    print(network.supernet_of(ipaddress.ip_network(f"{address}/{address.max_prefixlen}")))
    
    from netaddr import IPNetwork, IPAddress
    
    
    def network_has_ip(network, ip):
    
        if not isinstance(network, IPNetwork):
            raise Exception("network parameter must be {0} instance".format(IPNetwork.__name__))
    
        if not isinstance(ip, IPAddress):
            raise Exception("ip parameter must be {0} instance".format(IPAddress.__name__))
    
        return (network.cidr.ip.value & network.netmask.value) == (ip.value & network.netmask.value)
    
    from ipaddress import IPv4Network, IPv4Address
    
    # Store IP Address as variable
    >>> myip = IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
    >>> myip
    IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
    
    # This treats the IP as a subnet
    >>> myip_subnet = IPv4Network(myip)
    >>> myip_subnet
    IPv4Network('192.168.0.1/32')
    
    # The other subnet to test membership against
    >>> other_subnet = IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/24')
    >>> other_subnet
    IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/24')
    
    # Now we can test
    >>> myip_subnet.subnet_of(other_subnet)
    True