Python 蟒蛇龟邮票神秘消失后的海龟形状';图像处理
方向: 我已经创建了以下功能,允许用户将海龟更改为他/她选择的图像,然后在画布上的任何位置盖章:Python 蟒蛇龟邮票神秘消失后的海龟形状';图像处理,python,python-3.x,image-manipulation,turtle-graphics,python-3.5,Python,Python 3.x,Image Manipulation,Turtle Graphics,Python 3.5,方向: 我已经创建了以下功能,允许用户将海龟更改为他/她选择的图像,然后在画布上的任何位置盖章: def TurtleShape(): try: # Tkinter buttons related to turtle manipulation manipulateimage.config(state = NORMAL) flipButton.config(state = NORMAL) mirrorButton.config
def TurtleShape():
try:
# Tkinter buttons related to turtle manipulation
manipulateimage.config(state = NORMAL)
flipButton.config(state = NORMAL)
mirrorButton.config(state = NORMAL)
originalButton.config(state = NORMAL)
resetturtle.config(state = NORMAL)
rotateButton.config(state = NORMAL)
# Ask user for file name from tkinter file dialog, and return file name as `klob`
global klob
klob = filedialog.askopenfilename()
global im
# Open `klob` and return as `im`
im = Image.open(klob)
# Append `im` to pictures deque
pictures.append(im)
# Clear `edited` deque
edited.clear()
# Save `im` as an image, then register image as shape, and finally set image as turtle shape
im.save(klob + '.gif', "GIF")
register_shape(klob + '.gif')
shape(klob + '.gif')
update()
except:
# If user selects cancel in file dialog, then pass
pass
def StampPic():
stamp()
draw_space() # Go forward 100 pixels with pen up after every stamp
update()
还可以通过以下其他功能对图像进行操作,以供用户选择:
调整大小功能–此功能可作为第一功能或第二功能使用。第一个意思是它最初被调用,第二个意思是它编辑一个已经编辑过的图像。因此,如果只首先调用,此函数将获取附加到图片
deque的图像,调整其大小,并将编辑后的图像输出为.gif
图像,这将是海龟的新形状。但是,如果在一行中调用两次或两次以上,由于一个问题,即多次调整同一图片的大小将导致图像失真,我必须创建另一个dequejiop
,它从pictures
deque保存原始项,并且每当在一行中多次调用此函数时,每次调整原始图像的大小,而不是每次调整同一图像的大小。但是,如果仅作为辅助函数调用,则该函数将仅从编辑的
deque中获取当前图像,调整该图像的大小,然后将其设置为海龟的新形状:
def TurtleImageResize():
if not hasattr(TurtleImageResize, "counter"):
TurtleImageResize.counter = 0
TurtleImageResize.counter += 1
# width = original size of image
width = im.size[0]
# height = original height of image
height = im.size[1]
# Allow user to enter new width for image
NewOne2 = numinput('Width of Image', 'Set the width of the image: ', minval = 1)
# Allow user to enter new height for image
NewOne = numinput('Height of Image', 'Set the height of your image: ', minval = 1)
# Set width to user input if user input is NOT nothing. Otherwise, use `width` as picture width.
Picwidth = NewOne2 if NewOne2 != None else width
# Set height to user input if user input is NOT None. Otherwise, use `height` as picture height.
Picheight = NewOne if NewOne != None else height
try:
# Secondary Step: Take ORIGINAL image appended to `jiop` (from `except:` code block succeeding `try:` code block) and resize THAT image each time this function is called twice in a row. Otherwise, if ONLY called as a secondary step, take previously edited image from `edited` deque, resize that, and append newly edited image to the `edited` deque.
try:
# `jiop` is a deque
hye = jiop.pop()
jiop.append(hye)
print("Jiop")
except:
hye = edited.pop()
jiop.append(hye)
print("Edited")
# Resize Image to Picwidth and Picheight
editpic = hye.resize((int(Picwidth), int(Picheight)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
edited.append(editpic)
print("Hooplah!")
except:
# Intial step: Take image appended to `pictures` deque from `TurtleShape` function, then edit that and append newly edited image to both `editpic` and `pictures`
geer = pictures.pop()
# Resize Image to Picwidth and Picheight
editpic = geer.resize((int(Picwidth), int(Picheight)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
jiop.append(geer)
edited.append(editpic)
pictures.append(editpic)
print("Normal")
# Save image as `.gif`
editpic.save(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif', 'GIF')
# Register image as a shape, and use it as shape of turtle
register_shape(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif')
shape(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif')
update()
翻转、旋转和镜像功能-这些功能比上面的调整大小功能更简单。如果最初调用,它们将从图片
deque中获取图像,对其进行操作,将编辑后的图像附加到编辑后的
deque中,然后将海龟的“形状”更改为新图像。但是,如果第二次调用,他们每个人都将从编辑的
deque中获取图像,对其进行处理,将处理后的图像重新附加到编辑的
deque中,然后将其设置为海龟的新“形状”。这些功能如下所示:
def flippic():
if not hasattr(flippic, "counter"):
flippic.counter = 0
flippic.counter += 1
try:
# Secondary step: Take previously edited image from `edited` deque, manipulate that, and append newly edited image to the `edited` deque
jiop.clear()
ghy = edited.pop()
# Flip image over horizontal line
kpl = ImageOps.flip(ghy)
edited.append(kpl)
print("Jlop")
except:
# Initial step: Take image appended to `pictures` deque from `TurtleShape` function, then edit that and append newly edited image to both `editpic` and `pictures`
neer = pictures.pop()
# Flip image over horizontal line
kpl = ImageOps.flip(neer)
pictures.append(kpl)
edited.append(kpl)
print("Yup")
# Save image as `.gif`
kpl.save(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif', "GIF")
# Register image as a shape, and use it as shape of turtle
register_shape(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif')
shape(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif')
update()
def mirror():
if not hasattr(mirror, "counter"):
mirror.counter = 0
mirror.counter += 1
try:
jiop.clear()
jui = edited.pop()
# Flip image over vertical line
fgrt = ImageOps.mirror(jui)
edited.append(fgrt)
except:
bbc = pictures.pop()
# Flip image over vertical line
fgrt = ImageOps.mirror(bbc)
pictures.append(fgrt)
edited.append(fgrt)
fgrt.save(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
register_shape(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
shape(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
update()
def rotatePic():
if not hasattr(rotatePic, "counter"):
rotatePic.counter = 0
rotatePic.counter += 1
try:
jiop.clear()
lmcb = edited.pop()
# Rotate image 90º right
fetch = lmcb.rotate(-90, expand = True)
edited.append(fetch)
except:
bolt = pictures.pop()
# Rotate image 90º right
fetch = bolt.rotate(-90, expand = True)
pictures.append(fetch)
edited.append(fetch)
fetch.save(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
register_shape(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
shape(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
update()
这样,所有的编辑功能就可以在基本相同的基本图像上协同工作
问题:
现在,考虑用户想要摄取龟图像,然后将其调整为大小,例如,800×400,并将其标记到画布上的特定点。之后,用户决定将海龟图像移动到画布上的另一个位置,翻转图像,然后在那里盖章。现在应该有两张图片了,对吗?一个戳了戳,另一个翻了?然而,对于我的程序,出于某种原因,情况并非如此。相反,用户翻转海龟图像时,压印图像就会消失,即使在任何地方都找不到
函数(要说明我的意思,请参阅下面的编辑功能)显然,此问题仅在调用clear()
函数后发生。TurtleImageResize
TurtleImageResize
功能有什么问题?我已将TurtleShape的图像管理过程完全改为现在的状态,希望它能解决我以前安装时遇到的问题,但显然,情况并非如此。因此,在此问题上的任何帮助都是非常感谢的
编辑:下面是一个最小、完整且可验证的方法,用于重现我的问题(必须安装PIL(或枕头)和重影脚本才能正常工作)
:
import os,shutil,subprocess, sys
her = sys.platform
if her == "win32":
print("Windows is your Operating System")
win_gs = ["gs","gswin32c","gswin64c"]
if all( shutil.which(gs_version) is None for gs_version in win_gs ):
paths = ["C:\\Program Files\\gs\\gs9.18\\bin","C:\\Program Files (x86)\\gs\\gs9.18\\bin"]
for path in (x for x in paths if os.path.exists(x)):
os.environ["PATH"] += ";" + path
break
if any( shutil.which(gs_version) for gs_version in win_gs ):
print("GhostScript 9.18 for Windows found and utilized")
else:
print("You do not have GhostScript 9.18 installed for Windows. Please install it.")
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("GhostScript 9.18 for Windows found and utilized")
elif her == 'darwin':
print("Macintosh is your Operating System")
if shutil.which("gs") is None:
os.environ["PATH"] += ":/usr/local/bin"
if shutil.which("gs") is None:
print("You do not have GhostScript installed for Macintosh. Please install it.")
sys.exit(0)
else:
print("GhostScript for Macintosh found and utilized")
from turtle import *
from tkinter import *
try:
import tkinter.filedialog as filedialog
except ImportError:
pass
import collections
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageOps
jiop = collections.deque()
pictures = collections.deque()
edited = collections.deque()
picwidth = collections.deque()
picheight = collections.deque()
def draw_space():
# Draw a space 200 pixels wide.
penup()
forward(200)
pendown()
def TurtleShape():
try:
manipulateimage.config(state = NORMAL)
flipButton.config(state = NORMAL)
mirrorButton.config(state = NORMAL)
rotateButton.config(state = NORMAL)
global klob
klob = filedialog.askopenfilename()
global im
im = Image.open(klob)
pictures.append(im)
edited.clear()
im.save(klob + '.gif', "GIF")
register_shape(klob + '.gif')
shape(klob + '.gif')
update()
except AttributeError:
pass
def TurtleImageResize():
if not hasattr(TurtleImageResize, "counter"):
TurtleImageResize.counter = 0
TurtleImageResize.counter += 1
width = im.size[0]
height = im.size[1]
NewOne2 = numinput('Width of Image', 'Set the width of the image: ', minval = 1)
NewOne = numinput('Height of Image', 'Set the height of your image: ', minval = 1)
Picwidth = NewOne2 if NewOne2 != None else width
picwidth.append(Picwidth)
Picheight = NewOne if NewOne != None else height
picheight.append(Picheight)
try:
try:
hye = jiop.pop()
jiop.append(hye)
except:
hye = edited.pop()
jiop.append(hye)
editpic = hye.resize((int(Picwidth), int(Picheight)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
edited.append(editpic)
pictures.append(editpic)
except:
geer = pictures.pop()
editpic = geer.resize((int(Picwidth), int(Picheight)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
jiop.append(geer)
edited.append(editpic)
pictures.append(editpic)
editpic.save(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif', 'GIF')
register_shape(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif')
shape(klob + str(TurtleImageResize.counter) + '.gif')
update()
def flippic():
if not hasattr(flippic, "counter"):
flippic.counter = 0
flippic.counter += 1
try:
jiop.clear()
ghy = edited.pop()
kpl = ImageOps.flip(ghy)
edited.append(kpl)
pictures.append(kpl)
print("Jlop")
except:
neer = pictures.pop()
kpl = ImageOps.flip(neer)
pictures.append(kpl)
edited.append(kpl)
print("Yup")
kpl.save(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif', "GIF")
register_shape(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif')
shape(klob + str(flippic.counter) + '.gif')
update()
def mirror():
if not hasattr(mirror, "counter"):
mirror.counter = 0
mirror.counter += 1
try:
jiop.clear()
jui = edited.pop()
fgrt = ImageOps.mirror(jui)
edited.append(fgrt)
pictures.append(fgrt)
except:
bbc = pictures.pop()
fgrt = ImageOps.mirror(bbc)
pictures.append(fgrt)
edited.append(fgrt)
fgrt.save(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
register_shape(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
shape(klob + str(mirror.counter) + ".gif")
update()
def rotatePic():
if not hasattr(rotatePic, "counter"):
rotatePic.counter = 0
rotatePic.counter += 1
try:
jiop.clear()
lmcb = edited.pop()
fetch = lmcb.rotate(-90, expand = True)
edited.append(fetch)
pictures.append(fetch)
except:
bolt = pictures.pop()
fetch = bolt.rotate(-90, expand = True)
pictures.append(fetch)
edited.append(fetch)
fetch.save(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
register_shape(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
shape(klob + str(rotatePic.counter) + ".gif")
update()
def StampPic():
stamp()
draw_space()
update()
def move_turtle():
# Pick up the turtle and move it to its starting location.
penup()
goto(-200, 100)
pendown()
def settings():
# Tkinter buttons
turtlepic = Button(text = "Set Turtle Image", command = TurtleShape)
turtlepic.pack(side = 'left')
stampimage = Button(text = "Stamp", command = StampPic)
stampimage.pack(side = 'left')
global manipulateimage
manipulateimage = Button(text = "Resize Turtle Image", command = TurtleImageResize, state = DISABLED)
manipulateimage.pack(side = 'left')
global flipButton
flipButton = Button(text = "Flip image", command = flippic, state = DISABLED)
flipButton.pack(side = 'left')
global mirrorButton
mirrorButton = Button(text = "Mirror Image", command = mirror, state = DISABLED)
mirrorButton.pack(side = 'left')
global rotateButton
rotateButton = Button(text = "Rotate Image", command = rotatePic, state = DISABLED)
rotateButton.pack(side = 'left')
def skip(x, y):
penup()
goto(x, y)
pendown()
update()
move_turtle()
settings()
speed(0)
tracer(0, 0)
onscreenclick(skip)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
input()
else:
pass
当/如果您的系统上同时安装了GhostScript
和PIL(或Pillow)时,要复制我的问题,请执行以下操作(除第4步外,所有步骤均为必需步骤):
设置海龟图像
按钮,选择您想要的海龟图像,然后按打开
。乌龟被设定为那个形象调整海龟图像大小
按钮,将图像大小调整为800x400(或您想要的任何其他大小)。将连续弹出两个对话框。在第一个对话框中输入宽度800(或您自己的宽度),然后在第二个对话框中输入高度400(或您自己的高度),完成后,图像将根据提供的尺寸更改大小(或根据是否按“取消”将图像设回原始尺寸)Stamp
按钮。图像被压印在画布上,海龟向前移动400像素“在压印图像后面”TurtleImageResize
功能有什么问题导致出现这种情况?
编辑#2:为了防止这些信息有用,我正在Macintosh上运行Python 3.5.1,操作系统版本为10.11.2(El Capitan)。问题似乎是,通过为不同的函数设置单独的计数器,您可以覆盖以前操作创建的文件。假设您有一张名为
test.gif
的图片,并应用翻转变换。结果将保存为test.gif1.gif
。如果现在应用旋转变换,则旋转后的图片也会另存为test.gif1.gif
,覆盖现有文件,并且上一张图片将消失
因此,修复此错误的一种方法是对所有图片使用单个计数器,而不是每个函数使用一个计数器,例如使用itertools.count
或仅使用int
。这也会使您的代码变得更短
不过,我还想指出一些问题:
-
<
import turtle
import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog as filedialog
import itertools
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageOps
count = itertools.count()
img = None
def turtleShape():
global img
klob = filedialog.askopenfilename()
img = Image.open(klob)
saveAndUpdate(img)
def turtleImageResize():
def resize(img):
picwidth = turtle.numinput('Width of Image', 'Set the width of the image: ', minval=1) or img.size[0]
picheight = turtle.numinput('Height of Image', 'Set the height of your image: ', minval=1) or img.size[1]
return img.resize((int(picwidth), int(picheight)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
manipulate(resize)
def manipulate(function):
global img
if img:
img = function(img)
saveAndUpdate(img)
else:
print("No picture selected")
def flippic():
manipulate(ImageOps.flip)
def mirror():
manipulate(ImageOps.mirror)
def rotatePic():
manipulate(lambda img: img.rotate(-90, expand=True))
def saveAndUpdate(img):
name = "pic_" + str(next(count)) + ".gif"
img.save(name, 'GIF')
turtle.register_shape(name)
turtle.shape(name)
turtle.update()
def stampPic():
turtle.stamp()
turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(200)
turtle.pendown()
def settings():
tkinter.Button(text="Set Turtle Image", command=turtleShape).pack(side='left')
tkinter.Button(text="Stamp", command=stampPic).pack(side = 'left')
tkinter.Button(text="Resize Turtle Image", command=turtleImageResize).pack(side='left')
tkinter.Button(text="Flip image", command=flippic).pack(side='left')
tkinter.Button(text="Mirror Image", command=mirror).pack(side='left')
tkinter.Button(text="Rotate Image", command=rotatePic).pack(side='left')
def skip(x, y):
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x, y)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.update()
skip(-200, 100)
settings()
turtle.speed(0)
turtle.tracer(0, 0)
turtle.onscreenclick(skip)
turtle.mainloop()