Python 如何修复安装Jupyter笔记本时发生的错误？

我是Python新手，尝试在Windows命令提示符窗口中使用以下命令安装Jupyter Notebook：

pip install jupyter

但下载几分钟后，会显示一条错误消息，如下所示：

  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe
' 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\
_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\Ap
pData\Local\Temp\tmpnj_hhq6y'
         cwd: C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-_pnki5r8\pywinpty
    Complete output (6 lines):

    Cargo, the Rust package manager, is not installed or is not on PATH.
    This package requires Rust and Cargo to compile extensions. Install it through
    the system's package manager or via https://rustup.rs/

    Checking for Rust toolchain....
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\progr
ams\python\python38-32\python.exe' 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\p
ython38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata
_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpnj_hhq6y' Check the logs for
full command output.
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.1; however, version 21.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pytho
n\python38-32\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

我在这里附上了错误输出的最后一部分

如何修复此错误以成功安装Jupyter笔记本电脑

---

EDIT1:我从错误消息中的链接安装了Rust软件包。之后，我再次尝试安装Jupyter Notebook，这一次，在比之前进行了几步之后，它输出了另一个错误：

Building wheels for collected packages: pywinpty
  Building wheel for pywinpty (PEP 517) ... -  WARNING: Subprocess output does
not appear to be encoded as cp1252
  WARNING: Subprocess output does not appear to be encoded as cp1252
error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\python.exe'
'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_v
endor\pep517\_in_process.py' build_wheel 'C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpaj5
u66_y'
       cwd: C:\Users\asd\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-mep4ye8d\pywinpty
  Complete output (60 lines):
  Running `maturin pep517 build-wheel -i c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pyt
hon\python38-32\python.exe`
     Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.26
     Compiling unicode-xid v0.2.2
     Compiling syn v1.0.71
     Compiling winapi v0.3.9
     Compiling jobserver v0.1.22
  error: could not compile `proc-macro2`

  To learn more, run the command again with --verbose.
  warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
  error: build failed
  dY'¥ maturin failed
    Caused by: Failed to build a native library through cargo
    Caused by: Cargo build finished with "exit code: 101": `cargo rustc --messag
e-format json --manifest-path Cargo.toml --release --lib --`
  dY\x8d1 Building a mixed python/rust project
  dY"- Found pyo3 bindings
  dY\x90\x8d Found CPython 3.8 at c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\python\pyt
hon38-32\python.exe
  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  error: linker `link.exe` not found
    |
    = note: The system cannot find the file specified. (os error 2)


  note: the msvc targets depend on the msvc linker but `link.exe` was not found


  note: please ensure that VS 2013, VS 2015, VS 2017 or VS 2019 was installed wi
th the Visual C++ option


  error: aborting due to previous error


  Error: command ['maturin', 'pep517', 'build-wheel', '-i', 'c:\\users\\asd\\app
data\\local\\programs\\python\\python38-32\\python.exe'] returned non-zero exit
status 1
  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pywinpty
Failed to build pywinpty
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pywinpty which use PEP 517 and cannot be insta
lled directly
WARNING: You are using pip version 20.2.1; however, version 21.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'c:\users\asd\appdata\local\programs\pytho
n\python38-32\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

---

尝试使用水蟒。链接以安装conda 然后cmd:conda安装numpy cmd:conda安装jupyter

---

cmd:jupyter notebook

错误消息看起来很清楚，您需要通过

安装货物

---

然后再试一次。这对我很有效。

首先升级您的pip：

pip install --upgrade pip

然后：

---

你可以安装，Jupyter随附。你读过哪些页面？你点击了吗？你点击了吗？你点击了吗？你点击了吗？或者你至少读过这一页了吗？您知道Windows上如何管理环境变量吗？正如我在It上的回答中所详细描述的，在一个命令提示符窗口内串联安装多个Python软件包时经常失败。我按照链接进行了安装，但仍然出现了其他错误，如我在编辑中附加的错误

pip install --upgrade pip

pip install jupyter