Ruby on rails NameError：使用RSpec和Spork测试时Rails应用程序中未初始化的常量

我正在尝试使用终端中的以下命令在我的第一个Rails应用程序中运行测试：

rspec spec/

但这只会导致以下错误：

接下来是我的本地宝石列表：

abstract (1.0.0)
actionmailer (3.0.3)
actionpack (3.0.3)
activemodel (3.0.3)
activerecord (3.0.3)
activeresource (3.0.3)
activesupport (3.0.3)
annotate-models (1.0.4)
arel (2.0.6)
autotest (4.3.2)
autotest-fsevent (0.2.2)
autotest-growl (0.2.4)
autotest-rails-pure (4.1.0)
builder (2.1.2)
bundler (1.0.3)
diff-lcs (1.1.2)
erubis (2.6.6)
factory_girl (1.3.2)
factory_girl_rails (1.0)
faker (0.3.1)
gravatar_image_tag (0.1.0)
i18n (0.5.0)
mail (2.2.12)
mime-types (1.16)
nokogiri (1.4.4)
polyglot (0.3.1)
rack (1.2.1)
rack-mount (0.6.13)
rack-test (0.5.6)
rails (3.0.3)
railties (3.0.3)
rake (0.8.7)
rdoc (2.5.11)
rspec (2.3.0)
rspec-core (2.3.0)
rspec-expectations (2.3.0)
rspec-mocks (2.3.0)
rspec-rails (2.3.0)
spork (0.9.0.rc2)
sqlite3-ruby (1.2.5)
sys-uname (0.8.4)
thor (0.14.6)
treetop (1.4.9)
tzinfo (0.3.23)
webrat (0.7.1)
will_paginate (3.0.pre2)

有人有什么想法吗？或者我可以提供更多信息来帮助你吗？我是一个Rails新手，时不时地会在放弃之前遇到问题

更新我的Spec/Spec\u helper.rb文件：

require 'rubygems'
require 'spork'

Spork.prefork do
  # Loading more in this block will cause your tests to run faster. However, 
  # if you change any configuration or code from libraries loaded here, you'll
  # need to restart spork for it take effect.
  ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
  unless defined?(Rails)
    require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../config/environment"
  end
  require 'rspec/rails'

  # Requires supporting files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
  # in ./support/ and its subdirectories.
  Dir["#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/support/**/*.rb"].each {|f| require f}

  Rspec.configure do |config|
    # == Mock Framework
    #
    # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
    #
    # config.mock_with :mocha
    # config.mock_with :flexmock
    # config.mock_with :rr
    config.mock_with :rspec

    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

    # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
    # examples within a transaction, comment the following line or assign false
    # instead of true.
    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

    ### Part of a Spork hack. See http://bit.ly/arY19y
    # Emulate initializer set_clear_dependencies_hook in 
    # railties/lib/rails/application/bootstrap.rb
    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.clear
  end
end

Spork.each_run do
end

以下是删除spec_helper的内容时Terminal的输出：

No DRb server is running. Running in local process instead ...
/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/backward_compatibility.rb:20:in `const_missing': uninitialized constant Object::PagesController (NameError)
    from /Users/rich/dev/rails_projects/abunchofletters/spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `block in load_spec_files'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `map'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:18:in `run'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:55:in `run_in_process'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:44:in `run'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:10:in `block in autorun'

没有运行DRb服务器。改为在本地进程中运行。。。
/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/backward_兼容性。rb:20:in'const_missing'：未初始化常量对象：：PagesController（NameError）
from/Users/rich/dev/rails\u projects/abunchofletters/spec/controllers/pages\u controller\u spec.rb:3:in`'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in'load'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in'block in load_spec_files'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in'map'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:在“加载规范文件”中
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/command_-line.rb:18:in'run'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:55:in'run_in_进程'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:44:in'run'
来自/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:10:in'block in autorun'

事实证明，问题是由不同模型中的错误验证规则造成的。它花费了很多随机的想法和尝试，但最终没有从错误消息中得到多少帮助。

正如rails教程“spork”中所写的那样，有时会“挂断”，因此：重新启动“spork”

如果您在使用spork安装的rails 3.2上遇到此问题，那么下面是您需要做的事情

运行

sporkrspec--bootstrap

后，打开

spec\u helper.rb

文件

您应该看到如下内容： 将文件内容更改为： 这会解决你的问题

---

另一件需要注意的事情是，您不能将rspec3.0+与spork一起使用。 Spork没有维护，只用于依赖ruby 1.9.2或更低版本的rails遗留应用程序。

---

如果您的应用程序支持ruby 1.9.3+，请查看。

尝试从

spec\u helper

中拉出Spork配置，看看是否可以仅使用RSpec就运行它。这可能有助于隔离问题。请向我们显示您的spec/spec\u helper.rb文件。我现在已将spec\u helper.rb文件代码添加到问题中……在删除spec\u helper中的内容后，运行Rspec spec/it会提供更短的错误输出，将spec_helper.rb中的代码替换为以下代码：我对这个错误消息没有任何线索，但你是对的。在我的一个模型中，这是一个愚蠢的语法错误。

require 'rubygems'
require 'spork'

Spork.prefork do
  # Loading more in this block will cause your tests to run faster. However, 
  # if you change any configuration or code from libraries loaded here, you'll
  # need to restart spork for it take effect.
  ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
  unless defined?(Rails)
    require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../config/environment"
  end
  require 'rspec/rails'

  # Requires supporting files with custom matchers and macros, etc,
  # in ./support/ and its subdirectories.
  Dir["#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/support/**/*.rb"].each {|f| require f}

  Rspec.configure do |config|
    # == Mock Framework
    #
    # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line:
    #
    # config.mock_with :mocha
    # config.mock_with :flexmock
    # config.mock_with :rr
    config.mock_with :rspec

    config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

    # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
    # examples within a transaction, comment the following line or assign false
    # instead of true.
    config.use_transactional_fixtures = true

    ### Part of a Spork hack. See http://bit.ly/arY19y
    # Emulate initializer set_clear_dependencies_hook in 
    # railties/lib/rails/application/bootstrap.rb
    ActiveSupport::Dependencies.clear
  end
end

Spork.each_run do
end

No DRb server is running. Running in local process instead ...
/Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/backward_compatibility.rb:20:in `const_missing': uninitialized constant Object::PagesController (NameError)
    from /Users/rich/dev/rails_projects/abunchofletters/spec/controllers/pages_controller_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `block in load_spec_files'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `map'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:388:in `load_spec_files'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:18:in `run'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:55:in `run_in_process'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:44:in `run'
    from /Users/rich/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p0@abunchofletters/gems/rspec-core-2.3.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:10:in `block in autorun'

require 'rubygems'
require 'spork'
#uncomment the following line to use spork with the debugger
#require 'spork/ext/ruby-debug'

Spork.prefork do
  # Loading more in this block will cause your tests to run faster. However,
  # if you change any configuration or code from libraries loaded here, you'll
  # need to restart spork for it take effect.

end

Spork.each_run do
  # This code will be run each time you run your specs.

end

# --- Instructions ---
# Sort the contents of this file into a Spork.prefork and a Spork.each_run
# block.
#
# The Spork.prefork block is run only once when the spork server is started.
# You typically want to place most of your (slow) initializer code in here, in
# particular, require'ing any 3rd-party gems that you don't normally modify
# during development.
#
# The Spork.each_run block is run each time you run your specs.  In case you
# need to load files that tend to change during development, require them here.
# With Rails, your application modules are loaded automatically, so sometimes
# this block can remain empty.
#
# Note: You can modify files loaded *from* the Spork.each_run block without
# restarting the spork server.  However, this file itself will not be reloaded,
# so if you change any of the code inside the each_run block, you still need to
# restart the server.  In general, if you have non-trivial code in this file,
# it's advisable to move it into a separate file so you can easily edit it
# without restarting spork.  (For example, with RSpec, you could move
# non-trivial code into a file spec/support/my_helper.rb, making sure that the
# spec/support/* files are require'd from inside the each_run block.)
#
# Any code that is left outside the two blocks will be run during preforking
# *and* during each_run -- that's probably not what you want.
#
# These instructions should self-destruct in 10 seconds.  If they don't, feel
# free to delete them.

require 'rubygems'
require 'spork'

Spork.prefork do

  ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
  require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
  require 'rspec/rails'


  RSpec.configure do |config|
    config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
      expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
    end

    config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
      mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
    end

  end
end

Spork.each_run do

end