Sql 完全联接同一列上的多个表

我有四张桌子：

╔═══╦════╗ ╔═══╦════╗ ╔═══╦════╗ ╔═══╦════╗
║ K ║ V1 ║ ║ K ║ V2 ║ ║ K ║ V3 ║ ║ K ║ V4 ║
╠═══╬════╣ ╠═══╬════╣ ╠═══╬════╣ ╠═══╬════╣
║ A ║  1 ║ ║ B ║  2 ║ ║ B ║  3 ║ ║ C ║  6 ║
║ C ║  4 ║ ║ D ║  7 ║ ║ C ║  5 ║ ║ D ║  8 ║
╚═══╩════╝ ╚═══╩════╝ ╚═══╩════╝ ╚═══╩════╝

我需要通过K列连接它们，并选择V1、V2、V3和V4：

╔═══╦══════╦══════╦══════╦══════╗
║ K ║  V1  ║  V2  ║  V3  ║  V4  ║
╠═══╬══════╬══════╬══════╬══════╣
║ A ║ 1    ║ NULL ║ NULL ║ NULL ║
║ B ║ NULL ║ 2    ║ 3    ║ NULL ║
║ C ║ 4    ║ NULL ║ 5    ║ 6    ║
║ D ║ NULL ║ 7    ║ NULL ║ 8    ║
╚═══╩══════╩══════╩══════╩══════╝

解决这个问题的一个方法是：

DECLARE @T1 TABLE (K VARCHAR(1), V1 INT);
DECLARE @T2 TABLE (K VARCHAR(1), V2 INT);
DECLARE @T3 TABLE (K VARCHAR(1), V3 INT);
DECLARE @T4 TABLE (K VARCHAR(1), V4 INT);

INSERT INTO @T1 VALUES ('A', 1), ('C', 4);
INSERT INTO @T2 VALUES ('B', 2), ('D', 7);
INSERT INTO @T3 VALUES ('B', 3), ('C', 5);
INSERT INTO @T4 VALUES ('C', 6), ('D', 8);

SELECT COALESCE(t1.K, t2.K, t3.K, t4.K) [K], V1, V2, V3, V4
FROM @T1 t1
FULL JOIN @T2 t2 ON t2.K = t1.K
FULL JOIN @T3 t3 ON t3.K = t1.K OR t3.K = t2.K
FULL JOIN @T4 t4 ON t4.K = t1.K OR t4.K = t2.K OR t4.K = t3.K
ORDER BY 1;

但是这只适用于这个简单的例子，如果我有更多的Ks（连接条件）和Vs，连接条件最终会变得更复杂

---

如何改进此查询？

有几种方法，但我认为以下方法最受欢迎：

select allk.k, t1.c1, t2.v2, t3.v3, t4.v4
from (select k from t1 union 
      select k from t2 union
      select k from t3 union
      select k from t4
     ) allk left outer join
     t1
     on allk.k = t1.k left outer join
     t2
     on allk.k = t2.k left outer join
     t3
     on allk.k = t3.k left outer join
     t4
     on allk.k = t4.k;

如果您有一个包含所有

k

值的单独表，则可以使用该表而不是

allk

子查询

编写

完全外部联接

查询的更简单方法是使用

coalesce（）

：

第三种方法是

union all

/

group by

方法：

select k, max(v1) as v1, max(v2) as v2, max(v3) as v3, max(v4) as v4
from (select k, v1, NULL as v2, NULL as v3, NULL as v4
      from t1 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, v2, NULL as v3, NULL as v4
      from t2 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, NULL as v2, v3, NULL as v4
      from t3 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, NULL as v2, NULL as v3, v4
      from t4
     ) t
group by k;

---

+1为ASCII艺术！您是在寻找更易于管理的产品，还是想要像“

FULL JOIN@T4 T4 ON T4.K IN”（t1.K，t2.K，t3.K）

？@Okuma.Scott@DigitalD”这样的产品？我正在寻找可维护性和性能方面的改进

select k, max(v1) as v1, max(v2) as v2, max(v3) as v3, max(v4) as v4
from (select k, v1, NULL as v2, NULL as v3, NULL as v4
      from t1 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, v2, NULL as v3, NULL as v4
      from t2 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, NULL as v2, v3, NULL as v4
      from t3 union all
      select k, NULL as v1, NULL as v2, NULL as v3, v4
      from t4
     ) t
group by k;