STM32&x2B；SD卡（FATF和SPI）和#x2B；物理连接+；FR_未准备好

我对stm和STM32CubeMX的世界还很陌生。到目前为止，我能够在温度传感器上成功实现SPI和I2C。现在，我尝试将数据写入SD卡，不幸的是，到目前为止还没有成功。作为一个微控制器，我使用来自Waveshare的STM32L073RZT6和SD卡模块，该模块具有SDIO和SPI接口。我的问题是，我还没有看到任何合理的文档，告诉我如何正确地将SD卡连接到微控制器。在我之前的尝试中，我将微控制器连接到SD卡模块，如下所示：

• 3v3（引脚1）
• 接地（引脚2）
• PB3（SCK）SCLK（针脚5）
• PB4（味噌）味噌（DO）（针脚3）
• PB5（MOSI）MOSI（DI）（引脚4）
• PA9（GPIO输出）CS（Pin6）

我是否正确地将SD卡连接到微控制器？什么是CMD和CD？D0到D3有什么功能？SDIO的配置和从微控制器到SD卡的物理连接如何？ 起初，我用HAL_SPI_Transmit（）进行了尝试，最后用下面的代码进行了尝试，如中所述。函数f_open（）返回值FR_NOT_READY

/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
  * that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
  * USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether 
  * inserted by the user or by software development tools
  * are owned by their respective copyright owners.
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2019 STMicroelectronics International N.V. 
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
  * modification, are permitted, provided that the following conditions are met:
  *
  * 1. Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  * 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of other 
  *    contributors to this software may be used to endorse or promote products 
  *    derived from this software without specific written permission.
  * 4. This software, including modifications and/or derivative works of this 
  *    software, must execute solely and exclusively on microcontroller or
  *    microprocessor devices manufactured by or for STMicroelectronics.
  * 5. Redistribution and use of this software other than as permitted under 
  *    this license is void and will automatically terminate your rights under 
  *    this license. 
  *
  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY STMICROELECTRONICS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
  * AND ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 
  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A 
  * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
  * RIGHTS ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. IN NO EVENT 
  * SHALL STMICROELECTRONICS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, 
  * OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING 
  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
  * EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32l0xx_hal.h"
#include "fatfs.h"

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1;

UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
FATFS fs;
FATFS *pfs;
FIL fil;
FRESULT fres;
DWORD fre_clust;
uint32_t total, free;
char buffer[100];

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);

/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  *
  * @retval None
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_SPI1_Init();
  MX_USART2_UART_Init();
  MX_FATFS_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

    //https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Micro_SD_Storage_Board
    HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
    HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_9,GPIO_PIN_SET); //set CS on high
    HAL_Delay(1000);

    //http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html

    /* Mount SD Card */
  if(f_mount(&fs, "", 0) == FR_OK) {
        //HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
  }
  /* Open file to write */
  if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_OPEN_ALWAYS | FA_READ | FA_WRITE) == FR_NOT_READY) {
        HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);
  }

  /* Check free space */
  //if(f_getfree("", &fre_clust, &pfs) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);

  //total = (uint32_t)((pfs->n_fatent - 2) * pfs->csize * 0.5);
  //free = (uint32_t)(fre_clust * pfs->csize * 0.5);   

  /* Free space is less than 1kb */
  //if(free < 1) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5); 

  /* Writing text */
 // f_puts("STM32 SD Card I/O Example via SPI\n", &fil);  
  //f_puts("Save the world!!!", &fil);

  /* Close file */
  //if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5); 

  /* Open file to read */
 // if(f_open(&fil, "first.txt", FA_READ) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);

  //while(f_gets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), &fil))
  //{
    //printf("%s", buffer);
  //}

  /* Close file */
  //if(f_close(&fil) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);    

  /* Unmount SDCARD */
  //if(f_mount(NULL, "", 1) != FR_OK) HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);


  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {

  /* USER CODE END WHILE */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */

  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */

}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{

  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;

    /**Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
    */
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);

    /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
    */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_5;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

    /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
    */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2;
  PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

    /**Configure the Systick interrupt time 
    */
  HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);

    /**Configure the Systick 
    */
  HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);

  /* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}

/* SPI1 init function */
static void MX_SPI1_Init(void)
{

  /* SPI1 parameter configuration*/
  hspi1.Instance = SPI1;
  hspi1.Init.Mode = SPI_MODE_MASTER;
  hspi1.Init.Direction = SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
  hspi1.Init.DataSize = SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_HIGH;
  hspi1.Init.CLKPhase = SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
  hspi1.Init.NSS = SPI_NSS_SOFT;
  hspi1.Init.BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_32;
  hspi1.Init.FirstBit = SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
  hspi1.Init.TIMode = SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCCalculation = SPI_CRCCALCULATION_DISABLE;
  hspi1.Init.CRCPolynomial = 7;
  if (HAL_SPI_Init(&hspi1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

}

/* USART2 init function */
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{

  huart2.Instance = USART2;
  huart2.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
  huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
  }

}

/** Configure pins as 
        * Analog 
        * Input 
        * Output
        * EVENT_OUT
        * EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PA5 PA9 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_9;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @param  file: The file name as string.
  * @param  line: The line in file as a number.
  * @retval None
  */
void _Error_Handler(char *file, int line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  while(1)
  {

  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

/**
******************************************************************************
*@file:main.c
*@brief:Main program body
******************************************************************************
*本通知适用于本文件的任何和所有部分
*不在注释对和用户代码开始之间的
*用户代码结束。此文件的其他部分，无论
*由用户或软件开发工具插入
*由各自的版权所有者拥有。
*
*版权所有（c）2019意法半导体国际有限公司。
*版权所有。
*
*以源代码和二进制形式重新分发和使用，带或不带
*如果满足以下条件，则允许修改：
*
* 1. 源代码的重新分发必须保留上述版权声明，
*此条件列表和以下免责声明。
* 2. 以二进制形式重新分发必须复制上述版权声明，
*此条件列表和文档中的以下免责声明
*和/或分发时提供的其他材料。
* 3. 无论是意法半导体公司的名称还是其他公司的名称
*此软件的贡献者可用于支持或推广产品
*未经特定书面许可从本软件派生。
* 4. 本软件，包括本软件的修改和/或衍生作品
*软件，必须在微控制器或
*由意法半导体制造或用于意法半导体的微处理器设备。
* 5. 本软件的重新分发和使用，但本协议允许的情况除外
*本许可证无效，并将自动终止您在本协议项下的权利
*这是许可证。
*
*本软件由意法半导体公司和贡献者“按原样”提供
*以及任何明示、默示或法定保证，包括但不限于：
*仅限于，适销性、适用性的默示保证
*特殊目的和不侵犯第三方知识产权
*在法律允许的最大范围内，放弃权利。无论如何
*意法半导体或贡献者是否应对任何直接、间接、，
*附带、特殊、惩戒性或后果性损害（包括但不限于
*仅限于采购替代货物或服务；使用损失、数据、，
*或利润；或业务中断），无论是何种原因造成的
*责任，无论是合同责任、严格责任还是侵权责任（包括
*因使用本软件而引起的任何疏忽或其他原因，
*即使被告知可能发生此类损坏。
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/*包括------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#包括“main.h”
#包括“stm32l0xx_hal.h”
#包括“fatfs.h”
/*用户代码开始包括*/
/*用户代码端包括*/
/*私有变量---------------------------------------------------------*/
SPI_HandleTypeDef hspi1；
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2；
/*用户代码开始PV*/
/*私有变量---------------------------------------------------------*/
特别组织；
特别组织*pfs；
菲尔菲尔；
弗雷索·弗雷斯；
德沃德·弗雷库斯特；
uint32_t总计，免费；
字符缓冲区[100]；
/*用户代码结束PV*/
/*私有函数原型-----------------------------------------------*/
无效系统时钟配置（无效）；
静态void MX_GPIO_Init（void）；
静态void MX_SPI1_Init（void）；
静态void MX_USART2_UART_Init（void）；
/*用户代码开始PFP*/
/*私有函数原型-----------------------------------------------*/
/*用户代码端PFP*/
/*用户代码从0开始*/
/*用户代码结束0*/
/**
*@简要介绍应用程序入口点。
*
*@retval无
*/
内部主（空）
{
/*用户代码开始1*/
/*用户代码结束1*/
/*微控制器配置----------------------------------------------------------*/
/*重置所有外围设备，初始化闪存接口和Systick*/
HAL_Init（）；
/*用户代码开始初始化*/
/*用户代码结束初始化*/
/*配置系统时钟*/
SystemClock_Config（）；
/*用户代码BEGIN SysInit*/
/*用户代码结束SysInit*/
/*初始化所有配置的外围设备*/
MX_GPIO_Init（）；
MX_SPI1_Init（）；
MX_USART2_UART_Init（）；
MX_FATFS_Init（）；
/*用户代码开始2*/
//https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Micro_SD_Storage_Board
HAL_GPIO_插脚（GPIOA、GPIO_插脚_5）；
HAL_GPIO_WritePin（GPIOA、GPIO_引脚9、GPIO_引脚集）；//将CS设置为高电平
HAL_延迟（1000）；
//http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html
/*安装SD卡*/
如果（f_mount（&fs，“，0）=FR_OK）{
//HAL_GPIO_插脚（GPIOA、GPIO_插脚_5）；
}