Arrays perl中的引用：将数组散列到另一个数组

我在将数组中的哈希引用到另一个数组时遇到问题。 我有一个数组@result，如下所示：

@result = (

{ "type" => "variable",
  "s" => "NGDP",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "USA",
  "subject" => "USA",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "colon",
  "s" => ",",
  "colon" => "," }, 

{ "type" => "subject",
  "s" => "JPN",
  "subject" => "JPN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "operator",
  "s" => "+",
  "operator => "+" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "CHN",
  "subject" => "CHN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },
);

@part_col_all = (
    (   
        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "USA",
        "subject" => "USA",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CAN",
        "subject" => "CAN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },
    ),

    (
        { "type" => "subject",
        "s" => "JPN",
        "subject" => "JPN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        { "type" => "operator",
        "s" => "+",
        "operator" => "+" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CHN",
        "subject" => "CHN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

    )
);

@input = qw(GDP USA, JPN CHN); # Compare the GDP of the USA with Japan and China together
my $parameter = shift @input;  # Remove what you're measuring
my @country_sets;              # An array of arrays
my $set = 0                    # Which set you're on
for my $value ( @input ) {
    if ( $value eq "," ) {
       $set += 1;              # Next Set
       next;
    }
    push @{ $country_sets[$set] }, $input;
}

@country_sets  = (
                     (
                          USA,
                     ),
                     (
                          JPN,
                          CHN,
                     ),
                 )

$country_sets[0] = (
                       {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "USA",
                           "subject" => "USA",
                           "variable" => "NGDP",
                       },
                   )

$country_sets[1] = (
                      {
                         "type" => "subject",
                         "s" => "JPN",
                         "subject" => "JPN",
                         "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },

                      { 
                          "type" => "operator",
                          "s" => "+",
                          "operator => "+",
                      },
                      {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "CHN",
                          "subject" => "CHN",
                          "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },
                 );

我想将这个数组分成冒号，并将@result数组的元素推送到另一个数组中，所以我编写了脚本：

for ($i = 0; $i <= $#result; $i++) {  

if (defined $result[$i]{subject} or $result[$i]{operator} and not defined $result[$i]{colon}) {
  push @part_col, \%{$result[$i]};
}

elsif ($i == $#result) {
  push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
}

elsif (defined $result[$i]{colon}) {
  push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
  my @part_col;
 }
}

---

我不知道我做错了什么。对不起，如果有什么基本的错误，我是初学者。非常感谢。

首先，您缺少一个报价：

{ "type" => "operator",
  "s" => "+",
  "operator" => "+" },
           ^ missing

至于打印，您可以执行以下操作：

foreach my $part (@part_col){
    print $part->{operator}."\n";
}

或者在打印周期中使用值执行任何您想执行的操作。您应该阅读以帮助您

取消引用以简化代码没有什么不妥：

my @part_col;
my @part_col_all;

for $i ( 0..$#array ) {
    my %hash = ${ $result[$i] };  # Make it easy on yourself. Dereference
    if ( defined $hash{subject} or defined $hash{operator} and not defined $hash{colon} ) {
        push @part_col, \%hash;  # or push, @par_col, $result[$i]
    }
}

    elsif ($i == $#result) {
        push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
    }

    elsif (defined $hash_ref->{colon}) {
        push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
        my @part_col;
    }
}

请注意，我将的

从您必须的三部分设置更改为更干净、更容易理解的陈述方式

仔细查看您的数据结构，我注意到
$hash{type}
将告诉您是否定义了
$hash{operator}
，
$hash{subject}
，或
$hash{colon}
。让我们使用
$hash{type}
并简化
，如果
：

my @part_col;
my @part_col_all;

for my $i ( 0..$#array ) { 
    my %hash = ${ $result[$i] };  # Make it easy on yourself. Dereference
    if ( $hash{type} eq "subject" or $hash{type} eq "operator" ) {
        push @part_col, \%hash;  # or push, @par_col, $result[$i]
    }
}

事实上，既然
@array
只是一个数组，我就把它当作一个数组来对待。我将使用一个简单的
for
结构遍历数组的每个元素。每个元素都是一个hash_引用，因此：

for my $hash_ref ( @array ) {
    my %hash = %{ %hash_ref };
    if ( $hash{type} eq "subject" or $hash{type} eq "operator" ) {
        push @part_col, \%hash;
    }
}

进一步简化，我可以使用
->
语法一次取消引用并讨论散列中的特定元素：

for my $hash_ref ( @array ) {
    if ( $hash_ref->{type} eq "subject" or $hash_ref->{type} eq "operator" ) {
        push @part_col, $hash_ref;
    }
}

我正在努力理解您代码的其余部分：

my @part_col;
my @part_col_all;

for $i ( 0..$#array ) {
    my %hash = ${ $result[$i] };  # Make it easy on yourself. Dereference
    if ( defined $hash{subject} or defined $hash{operator} and not defined $hash{colon} ) {
        push @part_col, \%hash;  # or push, @par_col, $result[$i]
    }
}

    elsif ($i == $#result) {
        push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
    }

    elsif (defined $hash_ref->{colon}) {
        push @part_col_all, \@part_col;
        my @part_col;
    }
}

这些将
@part\u col
推到
@part\u colu\u all
上的动作让我很困惑。您到底想在
@part\u col\u all
中存储什么？记住\@part\u col是内存中存储
@part\u col
的位置。您将相同的内存位置一次又一次地推送到该散列上，因此您将一次又一次地存储相同的引用。这真的是你想要的吗？我对此表示怀疑

您需要做的是准确地确定您的数据结构真正代表了什么。数据结构应具有可靠的定义。数据结构
@part\u col\u all
代表什么？数据结构
$part\u col\u all[$i]
代表什么？数据结构
$part\u col\u all[$i]->[$j]
代表什么？如果不知道这一点，你很难回答剩下的问题

您是否在一个数组中存储类型为
冒号的元素，而在另一个数组中存储所有其他元素？或者您是在一个数组中存储所有内容，还是在另一个数组中存储所有非冒号类型的内容

一旦我明白了这一点，我就可以回答你剩下的问题了

补遗
谢谢你的回复，我会用这种方式写下我的结果。这真的很有帮助。我用关于@part\u col\u all的数据结构的更多信息更新了我的问题。我希望你能理解我想解释的内容，否则我会再试一次


如果我了解你在做什么，有人进入了NGDP USA，JPN+CNA，这意味着你在比较美国与日本和中国的NGDP总和

在我看来，您需要三个独立的变量：


$参数
-您正在测量的内容。（国内生产总值等）
@countries\u set\u 1
-第一组国家
@countries\u set\u 2
-与第一组国家进行比较的第二组国家

你所说的冒号（在美国我们称之为逗号）是第一组国家和第二组国家之间的分隔符。然后，你只需通过一个循环。可能这两个数组只是同一数组的两个元素，而国家集是数组引用。我想象这样的情况：

@result = (

{ "type" => "variable",
  "s" => "NGDP",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "USA",
  "subject" => "USA",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "colon",
  "s" => ",",
  "colon" => "," }, 

{ "type" => "subject",
  "s" => "JPN",
  "subject" => "JPN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "operator",
  "s" => "+",
  "operator => "+" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "CHN",
  "subject" => "CHN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },
);

@part_col_all = (
    (   
        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "USA",
        "subject" => "USA",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CAN",
        "subject" => "CAN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },
    ),

    (
        { "type" => "subject",
        "s" => "JPN",
        "subject" => "JPN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        { "type" => "operator",
        "s" => "+",
        "operator" => "+" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CHN",
        "subject" => "CHN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

    )
);

@input = qw(GDP USA, JPN CHN); # Compare the GDP of the USA with Japan and China together
my $parameter = shift @input;  # Remove what you're measuring
my @country_sets;              # An array of arrays
my $set = 0                    # Which set you're on
for my $value ( @input ) {
    if ( $value eq "," ) {
       $set += 1;              # Next Set
       next;
    }
    push @{ $country_sets[$set] }, $input;
}

@country_sets  = (
                     (
                          USA,
                     ),
                     (
                          JPN,
                          CHN,
                     ),
                 )

$country_sets[0] = (
                       {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "USA",
                           "subject" => "USA",
                           "variable" => "NGDP",
                       },
                   )

$country_sets[1] = (
                      {
                         "type" => "subject",
                         "s" => "JPN",
                         "subject" => "JPN",
                         "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },

                      { 
                          "type" => "operator",
                          "s" => "+",
                          "operator => "+",
                      },
                      {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "CHN",
                          "subject" => "CHN",
                          "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },
                 );

这将创建如下数据结构：

@result = (

{ "type" => "variable",
  "s" => "NGDP",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "USA",
  "subject" => "USA",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "colon",
  "s" => ",",
  "colon" => "," }, 

{ "type" => "subject",
  "s" => "JPN",
  "subject" => "JPN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "operator",
  "s" => "+",
  "operator => "+" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "CHN",
  "subject" => "CHN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },
);

@part_col_all = (
    (   
        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "USA",
        "subject" => "USA",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CAN",
        "subject" => "CAN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },
    ),

    (
        { "type" => "subject",
        "s" => "JPN",
        "subject" => "JPN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        { "type" => "operator",
        "s" => "+",
        "operator" => "+" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CHN",
        "subject" => "CHN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

    )
);

@input = qw(GDP USA, JPN CHN); # Compare the GDP of the USA with Japan and China together
my $parameter = shift @input;  # Remove what you're measuring
my @country_sets;              # An array of arrays
my $set = 0                    # Which set you're on
for my $value ( @input ) {
    if ( $value eq "," ) {
       $set += 1;              # Next Set
       next;
    }
    push @{ $country_sets[$set] }, $input;
}

@country_sets  = (
                     (
                          USA,
                     ),
                     (
                          JPN,
                          CHN,
                     ),
                 )

$country_sets[0] = (
                       {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "USA",
                           "subject" => "USA",
                           "variable" => "NGDP",
                       },
                   )

$country_sets[1] = (
                      {
                         "type" => "subject",
                         "s" => "JPN",
                         "subject" => "JPN",
                         "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },

                      { 
                          "type" => "operator",
                          "s" => "+",
                          "operator => "+",
                      },
                      {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "CHN",
                          "subject" => "CHN",
                          "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },
                 );

不需要复杂的
@results
，因为您只需要对所有相关人员进行一次操作（GDP等）

不过，我想我知道你想要什么了。我们将使用一组数组。以下是我以前的经历：

for my $hash_ref ( @array ) {
    if ( $hash_ref->{type} eq "subject" or $hash_ref->{type} eq "operator" ) {
        push @part_col, $hash_ref;
    }
}

我们将结合上面我提供的代码，将这些国家分为两组：

my @country_sets;              # An array of arrays
my $set = 0                    # Which set you're on
for my $country_ref ( @array ) {
    next if $country_ref->{type} eq "variable";  # We don't want variables
    if ( $country_ref{type} eq "colon" ) {       # Switch to the other country set
        set += 1;
        next;
    }
    push @{ $country_sets[$set] }, $country_ref;
}

前几个条目将进入
$country\u set[0]
，这将是一个数组引用。冒号之后（不会输入到集合中），第二组国家将进入
$country\u set[1]
，这将是散列引用的另一个数组：


@country\u set
-将输入信息分为两组
@country\u set[$x]
-一组特定的国家（可能还有运营商）
@country\u设置[$x]->[$y]
-特定国家或运营商
@country\u设置[$x]->[$y]->{$key}
-来自特定国家/地区的特定值

其中，
$x
从
0
变为
1
。这将为您提供如下信息：

@result = (

{ "type" => "variable",
  "s" => "NGDP",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "USA",
  "subject" => "USA",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "colon",
  "s" => ",",
  "colon" => "," }, 

{ "type" => "subject",
  "s" => "JPN",
  "subject" => "JPN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },

{ "type" => "operator",
  "s" => "+",
  "operator => "+" },

{"type" => "subject",
  "s" => "CHN",
  "subject" => "CHN",
  "variable" => "NGDP" },
);

@part_col_all = (
    (   
        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "USA",
        "subject" => "USA",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CAN",
        "subject" => "CAN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },
    ),

    (
        { "type" => "subject",
        "s" => "JPN",
        "subject" => "JPN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

        { "type" => "operator",
        "s" => "+",
        "operator" => "+" },

        {"type" => "subject",
        "s" => "CHN",
        "subject" => "CHN",
        "variable" => "NGDP" },

    )
);

@input = qw(GDP USA, JPN CHN); # Compare the GDP of the USA with Japan and China together
my $parameter = shift @input;  # Remove what you're measuring
my @country_sets;              # An array of arrays
my $set = 0                    # Which set you're on
for my $value ( @input ) {
    if ( $value eq "," ) {
       $set += 1;              # Next Set
       next;
    }
    push @{ $country_sets[$set] }, $input;
}

@country_sets  = (
                     (
                          USA,
                     ),
                     (
                          JPN,
                          CHN,
                     ),
                 )

$country_sets[0] = (
                       {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "USA",
                           "subject" => "USA",
                           "variable" => "NGDP",
                       },
                   )

$country_sets[1] = (
                      {
                         "type" => "subject",
                         "s" => "JPN",
                         "subject" => "JPN",
                         "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },

                      { 
                          "type" => "operator",
                          "s" => "+",
                          "operator => "+",
                      },
                      {
                          "type" => "subject",
                          "s" => "CHN",
                          "subject" => "CHN",
                          "variable" => "NGDP",
                      },
                 );

谢谢你的回复，我会用这种方式写下我的结果。这真的很有帮助。我用关于@part\u col\u all的数据结构的更多信息更新了我的问题。我希望你能理解我想解释的内容，否则我会再试一次。