C++ C++;固有性:基类型的函数签名不与派生类型一起使用

C++ C++;固有性:基类型的函数签名不与派生类型一起使用,c++,inheritance,function-signature,C++,Inheritance,Function Signature,我有以下代码: class STFDataPoint { public: virtual ImagePoint get_patch_top_left() const = 0; virtual ImagePoint get_patch_bottom_right() const = 0; virtual std::string get_image_filename() const = 0; virtual ~STFDataPoint() = 0; }; inlin

我有以下代码:

class STFDataPoint {
public:

    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_top_left() const = 0;
    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_bottom_right() const = 0;
    virtual std::string get_image_filename() const = 0;

    virtual ~STFDataPoint() = 0;
};
inline STFDataPoint::~STFDataPoint() {}


class TrainingDataPoint : public STFDataPoint{
private:
    int row;
    int col;
    std::string class_label;
    ImagePoint patch_top_left;
    ImagePoint patch_bottom_right;
    std::string image_filename;
public:
    TrainingDataPoint(int row, int col, std::string class_label, 
            const ImagePoint & top_left, 
            const ImagePoint & bottom_right, 
            std::string image_filename);

    std::string get_class_label() const;

    inline bool operator==(const TrainingDataPoint& other) const{
        return other.class_label == this->class_label;
    }
    inline bool operator!=(const TrainingDataPoint& other) const{
        return !(*this == other);
    }

    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_top_left() const;
    virtual ImagePoint get_patch_bottom_right() const;
    virtual std::string get_image_filename() const;

};
我正在尝试运行以下程序:

bool do_something(vector<STFDataPoint>& data_point){
    return true;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    ImagePoint left = ImagePoint(2,3);
    ImagePoint right = ImagePoint(2,3);

    TrainingDataPoint a = TrainingDataPoint(1,2,"",left, right, "");
    vector<TrainingDataPoint> b;
    b.push_back(a);

    do_something(b);
}
bool do\u something(向量和数据点){
返回true;
}
int main(int argc,char*argv[]){
ImagePoint left=ImagePoint(2,3);
ImagePoint right=ImagePoint(2,3);
TrainingDataPoint a=TrainingDataPoint(1,2,“”,左,右,”);
载体b;
b、 推回(a);
做某事(b);
}
但会出现以下错误:

invalid initialization of reference of type ‘std::vector<STFDataPoint>&’ from expression of type `std::vector<TrainingDataPoint>`
从'std::vector'类型的表达式初始化'std::vector&'类型的引用无效`
但是,如果我将
do_something()
的签名更改为接受
STFDataPoint
(不是它们的向量),则运行正常。有人能解释一下为什么会这样,以及是否有解决办法

谢谢

类型
向量
向量
不同,两者之间没有转换<代码>向量不是
向量
的基类型,即使
a
B
的基

可行的方法是使用指向基类型的指针或智能指针容器,并将函数更改为使用该容器:

bool do_something(vector<std::unique_ptr<STFDataPoint>>& data_point){
    return true;
}

std::vector<std::unique_ptr<STFDataPoint>> b;
b.push_back( std::unique_ptr<STFDataPoint>(new TrainingDataPoint(1,2,"",left, right, "") ); // fill with any derived types of STFDataPoint
do_something(b);    
bool do\u something(向量和数据点){
返回true;
}
std::载体b;
b、 向后推(std::unique_ptr(new TrainingDataPoint(1,2,“,left,right,”);//填充任何派生类型的STFDataPoint
做某事(b);
由于
向量
不是
向量
的子类型,因此无法执行此操作。向量不属于参数类型

但是,您可以使用模板
执行某些操作
使其正常工作:

template <typename T>
bool do_something(vector<T>& data_point){
   //common actions like
   ImagePoint leftPatch = data_point[0].get_patch_top_left();
   return true;
}
模板
bool do\u something(向量和数据点){
//常见的行为如
ImagePoint leftPatch=data_point[0]。获取_patch_top_left();
返回true;
}
小心。std::unique_ptr(和shared_ptr)可能成为更好设计的拐杖。