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C# 如何修改循环中的队列集合?_C# - Fatal编程技术网

C# 如何修改循环中的队列集合?

C# 如何修改循环中的队列集合?,c#,C#,我有一个场景,在这个场景中,我需要在处理完一个项目后立即删除队列中的一个项目。 我知道我不能在循环中从集合中删除项目,但我想知道 可以使用枚举器等完成 这只是一个抛出错误的基本示例 “枚举数实例化后,集合被修改。” 有什么建议吗?非常感谢 代码如下: class Program { static void Main() { Queue<Order> queueList = Ge

我有一个场景,在这个场景中,我需要在处理完一个项目后立即删除队列中的一个项目。 我知道我不能在循环中从集合中删除项目,但我想知道 可以使用枚举器等完成

这只是一个抛出错误的基本示例 “枚举数实例化后,集合被修改。”

有什么建议吗?非常感谢

代码如下:

     class Program
        {
            static void Main()
            {

                Queue<Order> queueList = GetQueueList();

                foreach (Order orderItem in queueList)
                {
                    Save(orderItem);
                    Console.WriteLine("Id :{0} Name {1} ", orderItem.Id, orderItem.Name);
                    queueList.Dequeue();
                }
                Console.Read();

            }

            private static void Save(Order orderItem)
            {
               //we are pretending to save or do something.
            }

            private static Queue<Order>GetQueueList()
            {
                Queue<Order> orderQueue = new Queue<Order>();
                orderQueue.Enqueue(new Order { Id = 1, Name = "Order 1" });
                orderQueue.Enqueue(new Order { Id = 1, Name = "Order 2" });
                orderQueue.Enqueue(new Order { Id = 2, Name = "Order 3" });
                orderQueue.Enqueue(new Order { Id = 3, Name = "Order 4" });
                orderQueue.Enqueue(new Order { Id = 4, Name = "Order 5" });
                return orderQueue;
            }
        }

        public  class Order
        {
            public int Id { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
        }
类程序
{
静态void Main()
{
队列列表=GetQueueList();
foreach(队列列表中的订单项)
{
保存(订单项);
WriteLine(“Id:{0}名称{1}”,orderItem.Id,orderItem.Name);
queueList.Dequeue();
}
Console.Read();
}
私有静态无效保存(订单项)
{
//我们假装在存钱或做些什么。
}
私有静态QueueGetQueueList()
{
Queue orderQueue=新队列();
Enqueue(新订单{Id=1,Name=“订单1”});
Enqueue(新订单{Id=1,Name=“Order 2”});
Enqueue(新订单{Id=2,Name=“订单3”});
Enqueue(新订单{Id=3,Name=“Order 4”});
Enqueue(新订单{Id=4,Name=“订单5”});
返回订单队列;
}
}
公共阶级秩序
{
公共int Id{get;set;}
公共字符串名称{get;set;}
}

将您的foreach更改为:

while (queueList.Count > 0)
{
    Order orderItem = queueList.Dequeue();
    Save(orderItem);
    Console.WriteLine("Id :{0} Name {1} ", orderItem.Id, orderItem.Name);
}
编辑:

要在保存失败时重新处理,请执行以下操作:

while (queueList.Count > 0)
{
    Order orderItem = queueList.Dequeue();

    if (!Save(orderItem))
    {
        queueList.Enqueue(orderItem); // Reprocess the failed save, probably want more logic to prevent infinite loop
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Successfully saved: {0} Name {1} ", orderItem.Id, orderItem.Name);
    }
}
编辑:

John K提到,如果有多个线程访问同一
队列
,那么线程安全是一个值得关注的问题。有关涵盖简单线程安全问题的
ThreadSafeQueue
类,请参阅


Edit:下面是我一直向大家指出的线程安全示例:-)

下面是一个提到的线程安全问题的示例。如图所示,默认的
队列
可以在减少计数的同时“错过”项目

更新:以更好地表示问题。我从不向
队列添加空项,但标准的
队列.Dequeue()
返回几个空值。仅此一项就可以了,但这样做会从内部集合中删除一个有效项,并且
计数会减少。在这个特定示例中,可以安全地假设从
队列返回的每个
null
项。Dequeue()
操作表示从未处理过的有效项

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;

namespace SO_ThreadSafeQueue
{
    class Program
    {
        static int _QueueExceptions;
        static int _QueueNull;
        static int _QueueProcessed;

        static int _ThreadSafeQueueExceptions;
        static int _ThreadSafeQueueNull;
        static int _ThreadSafeQueueProcessed;

        static readonly Queue<Guid?> _Queue = new Queue<Guid?>();
        static readonly ThreadSafeQueue<Guid?> _ThreadSafeQueue = new ThreadSafeQueue<Guid?>();
        static readonly Random _Random = new Random();

        const int Expected = 10000000;

        static void Main()
        {
            Console.Clear();
            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, 0);
            Console.WriteLine("Creating queues...");

            for (int i = 0; i < Expected; i++)
            {
                Guid guid = Guid.NewGuid();
                _Queue.Enqueue(guid);
                _ThreadSafeQueue.Enqueue(guid);
            }

            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, 0);
            Console.WriteLine("Processing queues...");

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ProcessQueue);
                ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ProcessThreadSafeQueue);
            }

            int progress = 0;

            while (_Queue.Count > 0 || _ThreadSafeQueue.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.SetCursorPosition(0, 0);

                switch (progress)
                {
                    case 0:
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Processing queues... |");
                            progress = 1;
                            break;
                        }
                    case 1:
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Processing queues... /");
                            progress = 2;
                            break;
                        }
                    case 2:
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Processing queues... -");
                            progress = 3;
                            break;
                        }
                    case 3:
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Processing queues... \\");
                            progress = 0;
                            break;
                        }
                }

                Thread.Sleep(200);
            }

            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, 0);
            Console.WriteLine("Finished processing queues...");
            Console.WriteLine("\r\nQueue Count:           {0} Processed: {1, " + Expected.ToString().Length + "} Exceptions: {2,4} Null: {3}", _Queue.Count, _QueueProcessed, _QueueExceptions, _QueueNull);
            Console.WriteLine("ThreadSafeQueue Count: {0} Processed: {1, " + Expected.ToString().Length + "} Exceptions: {2,4} Null: {3}", _ThreadSafeQueue.Count, _ThreadSafeQueueProcessed, _ThreadSafeQueueExceptions, _ThreadSafeQueueNull);

            Console.WriteLine("\r\nPress any key...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static void ProcessQueue(object nothing)
        {
            while (_Queue.Count > 0)
            {
                Guid? currentItem = null;

                try
                {
                    currentItem = _Queue.Dequeue();
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _QueueExceptions);
                }

                if (currentItem != null)
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _QueueProcessed);
                }
                else
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _QueueNull);
                }

                Thread.Sleep(_Random.Next(1, 10)); // Simulate different workload times
            }
        }

        static void ProcessThreadSafeQueue(object nothing)
        {
            while (_ThreadSafeQueue.Count > 0)
            {
                Guid? currentItem = null;

                try
                {
                    currentItem = _ThreadSafeQueue.Dequeue();
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _ThreadSafeQueueExceptions);
                }

                if (currentItem != null)
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _ThreadSafeQueueProcessed);
                }
                else
                {
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref _ThreadSafeQueueNull);
                }

                Thread.Sleep(_Random.Next(1, 10)); // Simulate different workload times
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Represents a thread safe <see cref="Queue{T}"/>
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        public class ThreadSafeQueue<T> : Queue<T>
        {
            #region Private Fields
            private readonly object _LockObject = new object();
            #endregion

            #region Public Properties
            /// <summary>
            /// Gets the number of elements contained in the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/>
            /// </summary>
            public new int Count
            {
                get
                {
                    int returnValue;

                    lock (_LockObject)
                    {
                        returnValue = base.Count;
                    }

                    return returnValue;
                }
            }
            #endregion

            #region Public Methods
            /// <summary>
            /// Removes all objects from the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/>
            /// </summary>
            public new void Clear()
            {
                lock (_LockObject)
                {
                    base.Clear();
                }
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Removes and returns the object at the beggining of the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/>
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public new T Dequeue()
            {
                T returnValue;

                lock (_LockObject)
                {
                    returnValue = base.Dequeue();
                }

                return returnValue;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Adds an object to the end of the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/>
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="item">The object to add to the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/></param>
            public new void Enqueue(T item)
            {
                lock (_LockObject)
                {
                    base.Enqueue(item);
                }
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// Set the capacity to the actual number of elements in the <see cref="ThreadSafeQueue{T}"/>, if that number is less than 90 percent of current capactity.
            /// </summary>
            public new void TrimExcess()
            {
                lock (_LockObject)
                {
                    base.TrimExcess();
                }
            }
            #endregion
        }

    }
}
使用系统;
使用System.Collections.Generic;
使用系统线程;
名称空间SO_线程安全队列
{
班级计划
{
静态int_队列异常;
静态int QueueNull;
已处理的静态int_队列;
静态int_线程安全队列异常;
静态int_ThreadSafeQueueNull;
已处理静态int_线程;
静态只读队列_Queue=new Queue();
静态只读ThreadSafeQueue _ThreadSafeQueue=new ThreadSafeQueue();
静态只读随机_Random=new Random();
预期常数int=10000000;
静态void Main()
{
Console.Clear();
Console.SetCursorPosition(0,0);
Console.WriteLine(“创建队列…”);
对于(int i=0;i0 ||_ThreadSafeQueue.Count>0)
{
Console.SetCursorPosition(0,0);
开关(进度)
{
案例0:
{
Console.WriteLine(“处理队列…|”);
进展=1;
打破
}
案例1:
{
Console.WriteLine(“处理队列…/”);
进展=2;
打破
}
案例2:
{
Console.WriteLine(“处理队列…-”);
进展=3;
打破
}
案例3:
{
WriteLine(“处理队列…\ \”;
进度=0;
打破
}
}
睡眠(200);
}
Console.SetCursorPosition(0,0);
控制台.WriteLine(“已完成处理队列…”);
Console.WriteLine(“\r\n队列计数:{0}已处理:{1,+Expected.ToString().Length+”}异常:{2,4}Null:{3}”,_Queue.Count,_QueueProcessed,_QueueExceptions,_QueueNull);
WriteLine(“ThreadSafeQueue计数:{0}已处理:{1,+Expected.ToString().Length+”}异常:{2,4}Null:{3},_ThreadSafeQueue.Count,_ThreadSafeQueueProcessed,_ThreadSafeQueueExceptions,_ThreadSafeQueueNull);
Console.WriteLine(“\r\n按任意键…”);
Console.ReadKey();
}
斯达
// the non-thread safe way
//
while (queueList.Count > 0)
{
    Order orderItem = queueList.Dequeue();
    Save(orderItem);
    Console.WriteLine("Id :{0} Name {1} ", orderItem.Id, orderItem.Name);
}
// the thread safe way.
//
while (true)
{
    Order orderItem = NULL;
    try { orderItem = queueList.Dequeue(); } catch { break; }
    if (null != OrderItem)
    {
        Save(orderItem);
        Console.WriteLine("Id :{0} Name {1} ", orderItem.Id, orderItem.Name);
    }
}