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C#图形闪烁_C#_.net_Winforms_System.drawing - Fatal编程技术网

C#图形闪烁

C#图形闪烁,c#,.net,winforms,system.drawing,C#,.net,Winforms,System.drawing,我正在开发一种绘图程序,但在绘制橡皮筋线条时,移动鼠标光标时出现闪烁问题。我希望您能帮助我消除闪烁的线条,以下是代码: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; names

我正在开发一种绘图程序,但在绘制橡皮筋线条时,移动鼠标光标时出现闪烁问题。我希望您能帮助我消除闪烁的线条,以下是代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace GraphicsTest
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        int xFirst, yFirst;
        Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(1000, 1000);
        Graphics bmG;
        Graphics xG;
        Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
        bool draw = false;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            bmG = Graphics.FromImage(bm);
            xG = this.CreateGraphics();
            bmG.Clear(Color.White);
        }

        private void Form1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            xFirst = e.X;
            yFirst = e.Y;
            draw = true;
        }

        private void Form1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            bmG.DrawLine(pen, xFirst, yFirst, e.X, e.Y);
            draw = false;
            xG.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
        }

        private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (draw)
            {
                xG.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
                xG.DrawLine(pen, xFirst, yFirst, e.X, e.Y);
            }
        }

        private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            xG.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
        }
    }
}

首先不要使用
CreateGraphics()
,除非你必须这样做。将事件处理程序绑定到
OnPaint
并在要刷新曲面时调用
Invalidate()

如果不希望它闪烁,则需要加倍缓冲图形表面。最简单的方法是将表单的
DoubleBuffered
属性设置为True

如果您打算将此扩展到PictureBox控件,我强烈建议您进行绘图。默认情况下,PictureBox是双缓冲的,允许您更简单地控制绘图区域

代码:

public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
    int xFirst, yFirst;
    Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(1000, 1000);
    Graphics bmG;
    Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
    bool draw = false;

    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        bmG = Graphics.FromImage(bm);
        bmG.Clear(Color.White);
    }

    private void Form1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        xFirst = e.X;
        yFirst = e.Y;
        draw = true;
    }

    private void Form1_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        bmG.DrawLine(pen, xFirst, yFirst, e.X, e.Y);
        draw = false;
        Invalidate();
    }

    private void Form1_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        if (draw)
        {
            Invalidate();
        }
    }

    private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        if (draw) {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
            e.Graphics.DrawLine(pen, xFirst, yFirst, e.X, e.Y);
        } else {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
        }
    }
}
编辑:

另一个问题是,您正在创建一个私有
Pen
成员。笔(和画笔,以及许多GDI+对象)表示非托管对象的句柄,这些句柄需要处理,否则程序将泄漏。使用语句将它们包装在
中(首选且异常安全的方式),或者在表单的
dispose
方法中显式地处理它们

或者,在System.Drawing中,您可以访问一些不需要(也不应该)处理的预制笔和画笔。像这样使用它们:

    private void Form1_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        if (draw) {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
            e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, xFirst, yFirst, e.X, e.Y);
        } else {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
        }
    }

它闪烁的原因是您正在绘制背景(立即显示在屏幕上,擦除线条),然后叠加线条。因此,该行不断消失和出现,显示闪烁

解决这一问题的最佳方案称为双缓冲。您要做的是将整个图像绘制为“屏幕外”位图,并仅在完成后在屏幕上显示。因为您只显示完成的图像,所以没有闪烁效果。您只需将此设置为.DoubleBuffered=true,即可让WinForms为您完成所有繁重的工作


注意:您不应该真正在绘制处理程序之外进行绘制-理想情况下,您应该使需要重新绘制的区域无效(),然后绘制处理程序将只重新绘制该区域(根据需要使用任何重叠线等)。

修复并运行代码

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    int x1, y1, x2, y2;
    bool drag = false;

    Bitmap bm = new Bitmap(1000, 1000);
    Graphics bmg;


    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        bmg = Graphics.FromImage(bm);
    }

    private void pictureBox_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        drag = true;
        x1 = e.X;
        y1 = e.Y;
    }

    private void pictureBox_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        drag = false;

        bmg.DrawLine(Pens.Black, x1, y1, e.X, e.Y);
        pictureBox.Invalidate();
    }

    private void pictureBox_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
    {
        if (drag)
        {
            x2 = e.X;
            y2 = e.Y;
            pictureBox.Invalidate();
        }
    }

    private void pictureBox_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        if (drag) {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
            e.Graphics.DrawLine(Pens.Black, x1, y1, x2, y2);            
        }
        else {
            e.Graphics.DrawImage(bm, 0, 0);
        }
    }
}

我使用它来管理面板中的双缓冲:

myPanel.GetType().GetMethod("SetStyle",
    System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance |
    System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic).Invoke(myPanel,
        new object[]
        {
            System.Windows.Forms.ControlStyles.UserPaint | 
            System.Windows.Forms.ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint |
            System.Windows.Forms.ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer, true
        });

窗体或控件中是否启用了双缓冲?感谢您的回答和建议,我将尝试修复它。我修复了代码中的一个小问题,您可以删除xG对象,并在paint事件中使用PaintEventArgs的
e.Graphics
属性来获取窗体的图形上下文。是的,它可以工作。谢谢。现在我也了解了Invalidate()的用法。很好。我希望我至少能投你1000^1000^1000次!这救了我的命,伙计在VS2012上以.NET Framework 4.0为目标尝试您的代码,但不起作用。获取访问e.X和e.Y的Form1_Paint事件中的错误,这些错误由于某些原因无效。感谢您的详细解释更改了我的解决方案,我的鼠标移动事件停止工作,哈哈