Gradle java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:没有'；找不到类“；xxx.xxx.MainActivityTest.java”；在路径上：DexPathList

我正在尝试使用CLI在模拟器中运行一个检测测试（Espresso），以使用fastlane/screen grab生成我们的应用程序的屏幕截图。该应用程序基于爱奥尼亚科尔多瓦

在Android Studio中执行我的浓缩咖啡测试时，它会记录：

Testing started at 16:34 ...

07/30 16:34:29: Launching MainActivityTest
$ adb push /Users/administrator/Jenkins/workspace/generatescreenshots/app/platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk /data/local/tmp/de.konzeptix.test.app
$ adb shell pm install -t -r "/data/local/tmp/de.konzeptix.test.app"
Success


$ adb push /Users/administrator/Jenkins/workspace/generatescreenshots/app/platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/androidTest/debug/app-debug-androidTest.apk /data/local/tmp/de.konzeptix.test.app.test
$ adb shell pm install -t -r "/data/local/tmp/de.konzeptix.test.app.test"
Success


Running tests

$ adb shell am instrument -w -r   -e debug false -e class 'de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest' de.konzeptix.test.app.test/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
Client not ready yet..
Started running tests
Tests ran to completion.

如果我这样尝试，就会找到我的测试类，并按预期执行

我必须在命令行上工作，而不是在Android Studio中，因为整个过程都是通过我们的CI服务器（Jenkins）启动和运行的

因此，没有“即时运行”来禁用，也没有“清理和重建”，来解决其他几个问题中提出的这个问题

如果尝试在cli上调用测试，则找不到测试类。 以下是该过程的输出：

00:03:06.842 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.843 |                                  Detected Values from './fastlane/Screengrabfile'                                  |
00:03:06.844 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.845 | app_package_name           | de.konzeptix.test.app                                                                 |
00:03:06.845 | tests_package_name         | de.konzeptix.test.app.test                                                            |
00:03:06.846 | use_tests_in_classes       | ["de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java"]                                  |
00:03:06.847 | app_apk_path               | ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk                         |
00:03:06.847 | tests_apk_path             | ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/androidTest/debug/app-debug-androidTest.apk |
00:03:06.848 | locales                    | ["de-DE"]                                                                             |
00:03:06.849 | launch_arguments           | ["'shot0 topsBtn'", " 'shot1 articlesBtn'", " 'shot2 eventsBtn'"]                     |
00:03:06.850 | device_type                | phone                                                                                 |
00:03:06.850 | clear_previous_screenshots | true                                                                                  |
00:03:06.851 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.852 
00:03:06.852 
00:03:06.853 +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.854 |                                            Summary for screengrab 2.99.1                                            |
00:03:06.869 +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.870 | android_home                | /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk                                              |
00:03:06.870 | locales                     | ["de-DE"]                                                                             |
00:03:06.870 | clear_previous_screenshots  | true                                                                                  |
00:03:06.870 | output_directory            | fastlane/metadata/android                                                             |
00:03:06.871 | skip_open_summary           | false                                                                                 |
00:03:06.871 | app_package_name            | de.konzeptix.test.app                                                                 |
00:03:06.871 | tests_package_name          | de.konzeptix.test.app.test                                                            |
00:03:06.872 | use_tests_in_classes        | ["de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java"]                                  |
00:03:06.872 | launch_arguments            | ["'shot0 topsBtn'", " 'shot1 articlesBtn'", " 'shot2 eventsBtn'"]                     |
00:03:06.872 | test_instrumentation_runner | android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner                                        |
00:03:06.872 | ending_locale               | en-US                                                                                 |
00:03:06.873 | app_apk_path                | ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk                         |
00:03:06.873 | tests_apk_path              | ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/androidTest/debug/app-debug-androidTest.apk |
00:03:06.873 | device_type                 | phone                                                                                 |
00:03:06.874 | exit_on_test_failure        | true                                                                                  |
00:03:06.874 | reinstall_app               | false                                                                                 |
00:03:06.874 +-----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
00:03:06.874 
00:03:06.949 Clearing phoneScreenshots within fastlane/metadata/android
00:03:06.951 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb devices -l
00:03:06.960 ▸ List of devices attached
00:03:06.966 ▸ emulator-5554          device product:sdk_gphone_x86 model:Android_SDK_built_for_x86 device:generic_x86 transport_id:1
00:03:06.974 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell echo \$EXTERNAL_STORAGE
00:03:06.981 ▸ /sdcard
00:03:06.988 Cleaning screenshots on device
00:03:07.000 ls: /sdcard/de.konzeptix.test.app/screengrab: No such file or directory
00:03:07.001 Exit status: 1
00:03:07.021 ls: /data/data/de.konzeptix.test.app/app_screengrab: Permission denied
00:03:07.022 Exit status: 1
00:03:07.025 Validating app APK
00:03:07.026 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/28.0.1/aapt dump permissions ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk
00:03:07.032 ▸ package: de.konzeptix.test.app
00:03:07.036 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD'
00:03:07.040 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.WAKE_LOCK'
00:03:07.045 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'
00:03:07.049 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE'
00:03:07.052 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION'
00:03:07.054 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.INTERNET'
00:03:07.057 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE'
00:03:07.059 ▸ uses-permission: name='android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE'
00:03:07.062 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.READ'
00:03:07.065 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.sec.android.provider.badge.permission.WRITE'
00:03:07.067 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.htc.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS'
00:03:07.070 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.htc.launcher.permission.UPDATE_SHORTCUT'
00:03:07.072 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.sonyericsson.home.permission.BROADCAST_BADGE'
00:03:07.075 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.anddoes.launcher.permission.UPDATE_COUNT'
00:03:07.077 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.majeur.launcher.permission.UPDATE_BADGE'
00:03:07.080 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.google.android.providers.gsf.permission.READ_GSERVICES'
00:03:07.081 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.google.android.finsky.permission.BIND_GET_INSTALL_REFERRER_SERVICE'
00:03:07.083 ▸ uses-permission: name='com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE'
00:03:07.084 ▸ permission: de.konzeptix.test.app.permission.C2D_MESSAGE
00:03:07.086 ▸ uses-permission: name='de.konzeptix.test.app.permission.C2D_MESSAGE'
00:03:07.087 Installing app APK
00:03:07.088 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 install -t -r ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/debug/app-debug.apk
00:03:07.447 ▸ Success
00:03:07.449 Installing tests APK
00:03:07.450 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 install -t -r ./platforms/android/app/build/outputs/apk/androidTest/debug/app-debug-androidTest.apk
00:03:08.115 ▸ Success
00:03:08.122 Granting the permission necessary to change locales on the device
00:03:08.124 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell pm grant de.konzeptix.test.app android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION
00:03:08.302 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell getprop ro.build.version.sdk
00:03:08.328 ▸ 28
00:03:08.349 Granting the permissions necessary to access device external storage
00:03:08.350 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell pm grant de.konzeptix.test.app android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
00:03:08.413 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell pm grant de.konzeptix.test.app android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
00:03:08.462 Running tests for locale: de-DE
00:03:08.464 $ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell am instrument --no-window-animation -w \
00:03:08.467 -e testLocale de_DE \
00:03:08.468 -e endingLocale en_US \
00:03:08.468 -e class de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java \
00:03:08.468 -e 'shot0 topsBtn' -e  'shot1 articlesBtn' -e  'shot2 eventsBtn' \
00:03:08.469 de.konzeptix.test.app.test/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
00:03:09.116 ▸ de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java:
00:03:09.123 ▸ Error in de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java:
00:03:09.130 ▸ java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java
00:03:09.137 ▸ at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
00:03:09.143 ▸ at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:453)
00:03:09.150 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.doCreateRunner(TestLoader.java:72)
00:03:09.157 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.getRunnersFor(TestLoader.java:104)
00:03:09.164 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestRequestBuilder.build(TestRequestBuilder.java:789)
00:03:09.172 ▸ at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.buildRequest(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:539)
00:03:09.179 ▸ at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:382)
00:03:09.186 ▸ at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2145)
00:03:09.193 ▸ Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/system/framework/org.apache.http.legacy.boot.jar", zip file "/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/base.apk!/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/base.apk!/lib/x86, /system/lib]]
00:03:09.207 ▸ at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
00:03:09.211 ▸ at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
00:03:09.214 ▸ at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
00:03:09.216 ▸ ... 8 more
00:03:09.274 ▸ Time: 0.014
00:03:09.281 ▸ There was 1 failure:
00:03:09.287 ▸ 1) de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java
00:03:09.294 ▸ java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java
00:03:09.301 ▸ at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
00:03:09.309 ▸ at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:453)
00:03:09.315 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.doCreateRunner(TestLoader.java:72)
00:03:09.322 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.getRunnersFor(TestLoader.java:104)
00:03:09.330 ▸ at android.support.test.internal.runner.TestRequestBuilder.build(TestRequestBuilder.java:789)
00:03:09.334 ▸ at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.buildRequest(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:539)
00:03:09.338 ▸ at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:382)
00:03:09.342 ▸ at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2145)
00:03:09.346 ▸ Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "de.konzeptix.test.app.test.MainActivityTest.java" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/system/framework/org.apache.http.legacy.boot.jar", zip file "/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app.test-uaWS_ap-9oK2KRdJOAlBJg==/base.apk!/lib/x86, /data/app/de.konzeptix.test.app-BROFUx3GSnQkL4K7pknnyw==/base.apk!/lib/x86, /system/lib]]
00:03:09.354 ▸ at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
00:03:09.358 ▸ at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
00:03:09.361 ▸ at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
00:03:09.361 ▸ ... 8 more
00:03:09.363 ▸ FAILURES!!!
00:03:09.364 ▸ Tests run: 1,  Failures: 1

我想Android日志中显示的内容会有所不同（adb push，adb shell pm install）

---

有人能给我解释一下，到底是怎么做的吗？

因为fastlane截屏将这两个应用程序都安装到了设备上，而我无法清楚地看到Android Studio安装和运行仪器测试的过程有什么主要区别，我尝试使用fastlane屏幕抓图的另一个选项在\u包中使用\u tests\u，而不是在\u类中使用\u tests\u，这将转换为cli调用

$ /Users/administrator/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/adb -s emulator-5554 shell am instrument --no-window-animation -w \
-e testLocale de_DE \
-e endingLocale en_US \
-e package de.konzeptix.test.app.test \
-e shot0 topsBtn -e shot1 articlesBtn -e shot2 eventsBtn -e shot3 galleriesBtn -e shot4 productsBtn -e shot5 faqBtn -e shot6 companyBtn -e shot7 contactsBtn \
de.konzeptix.test.app.test/android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner

使用-e包而不是-e类

出于某种奇怪的原因，这是可行的