在java中加载精灵图像

我想问一下，为什么将任何精灵图像加载到对象时出错

下面是我如何获得图像的

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SpriteSheet {
    public BufferedImage sprite;
    public BufferedImage[] sprites;
    int width;
    int height;
    int rows;
    int columns;
    public SpriteSheet(int width, int height, int rows, int columns, BufferedImage ss) throws IOException {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
        this.rows = rows;
        this.columns = columns;
        this.sprite = ss;
        for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
            for(int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
                sprites[(i * columns) + j] = ss.getSubimage(i * width, j * height, width, height);
            }
        }
    }

}

我还想问一下我使用精灵阵列的方法。我想在计时器中使用通过更改当前精灵图像来更改动作事件绘制的图像

        tmr = new Timer(20, new ActionListener() {

            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                for(Rock r:rocks){
                    r.move();
                    r.changeSprite();
                }
                repaint();
            }
        });

用这个方法

    public void changeSprite(){
        if(ds==12)
            ds=0;
        ds++;
        currentSprite = sprite[ds];
    }

---

每个岩石对象都有一个sprite数组，其中包含从加载的sprite图像接收的缓冲图像和绘制的当前图像。计时器将更改当前图像并在对象上重新绘制，以便绘制整个精灵，但它似乎不起作用。所以是我的LoadingPriteImage出现了问题，或者是我的绘图方式导致了问题？

好的，我们需要知道很多事情

• 如果图像数量不均匀（

  count！=rows*cols

  ），则精灵表中有多少图像，它们的布局方式（行/列），甚至每个精灵的大小
• 我们在给定的周期中走了多远（比如说一秒钟）

所以根据你在上一个问题中的形象

我们知道有5列，4行，但只有19个图像。现在你可以花很多时间，为每一张可能的sprite表写很多代码，或者你可以尝试共栖其中一些问题

public class SpriteSheet {

    private final List<BufferedImage> sprites;

    public SpriteSheet(List<BufferedImage> sprites) {
        this.sprites = new ArrayList<>(sprites);
    }

    public int count() {
        return sprites.size();
    }

    public BufferedImage getSprite(double progress) {
        int frame = (int) (count() * progress);
        return sprites.get(frame);
    }

}

所以，再一次，基于您的精灵表，这意味着我可以使用类似于

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

但它让我有能力构建任意数量的

精灵表，所有这些精灵表都可能由不同的矩阵组成

但是现在我们有了一个<代码>SpriteSheet

，我们需要一些方法来设置它们的动画，但我们真正需要的是一些方法来计算通过给定周期的进度（假设一秒钟是一个周期），我们可以使用一个简单的“引擎”，类似于

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

好吧，这很基本，但它给出了一个想法

对于要移动（或旋转）的实体，我将创建另一个类，其中包含该信息和

精灵表。这可能包含“绘制”方法，或者您可以使用对象的属性来绘制各个帧

类似于

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

它可以使用类似于

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

到
SpriteSheet
，然后在
AstroidEntity
中，您可以使用以下内容创建偏移量
SpriteSheet

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

绘画可以使用类似于

spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
        withSheet(sheet).
        withColumns(5).
        withRows(4).
        withSpriteCount(19).
        build();

public class SpriteEngine {

    private Timer timer;
    private int framesPerSecond;
    private Long cycleStartTime;
    private TimerHandler timerHandler;

    private double cycleProgress;

    private List<ActionListener> listeners;

    public SpriteEngine(int fps) {
        framesPerSecond = fps;
        timerHandler = new TimerHandler();
        listeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
    }

    public int getFramesPerSecond() {
        return framesPerSecond;
    }

    public double getCycleProgress() {
        return cycleProgress;
    }

    protected void invaldiate() {
        cycleProgress = 0;
        cycleStartTime = null;
    }

    public void stop() {
        if (timer != null) {
            timer.stop();
        }
        invaldiate();
    }

    public void start() {
        stop();
        timer = new Timer(1000 / framesPerSecond, timerHandler);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void addActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.add(actionListener);
    }

    public void removeActionListener(ActionListener actionListener) {
        listeners.remove(actionListener);
    }

    protected class TimerHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (cycleStartTime == null) {
                cycleStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }
            long diff = (System.currentTimeMillis() - cycleStartTime) % 1000;
            cycleProgress = diff / 1000.0;
            ActionEvent ae = new ActionEvent(SpriteEngine.this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, e.getActionCommand());
            for (ActionListener listener : listeners) {
                listener.actionPerformed(ae);
            }
        }

    }

}

public interface PaintableEntity {
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress);
}

public class AstroidEntity implements PaintableEntity {

    private SpriteSheet spriteSheet;
    private Point location;
    private double angel;

    public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
        this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet;
        location = new Point(0, 0);
        angel = 0;
    }
    
    public void update() {
        // Apply movement and rotation deltas...
    }
    
    public void paint(Graphics2D g2d, double progress) {
        g2d.drawImage(
                spriteSheet.getSprite(progress), 
                location.x, 
                location.y, 
                null);
    }

}

private List<PaintableEntity> entities;
//...
entities = new ArrayList<>(10);
try {
    BufferedImage sheet = ImageIO.read(new File("..."));
    SpriteSheet spriteSheet = new SpriteSheetBuilder().
            withSheet(sheet).
            withColumns(5).
            withRows(4).
            withSpriteCount(19).
            build();

    for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {
         entities.add(new AstroidEntity(spriteSheet));
    }

} catch (IOException ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
}

public AstroidEntity(SpriteSheet spriteSheet) {
    this.spriteSheet = spriteSheet.offsetBy((int) (Math.random() * spriteSheet.count()));

@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
    for (PaintableEntity entity : entities) {
        entity.paint(g2d, spriteEngine.getCycleProgress());
    }
    g2d.dispose();
}

基本上，这里的关键因素是，尝试将代码与“时间”概念分离

例如，我将引擎使用的每秒帧数更改为60，并且在精灵的动画中没有看到任何更改，因为它使用的是1秒的单个时间周期的概念。但是，这将允许您相对简单地更改对象移动的速度

您还可以将引擎设置为具有“循环长度”的概念，并将其设置为半秒或5秒，这将影响动画速度-但其余代码将保持不变