Java 我需要在使用JFrames和DrawWindow时不要使用暴力的帮助

我正在制作一个基本的刽子手游戏，这是我第一次在Java中使用JFrames和DrawWindow。这就是我的困惑所在：

//这会将我的窗口和面板初始化为全局变量：

JFrame window = new JFrame("Let's play hangman!");
DrawWindow panel = new DrawWindow();

//这将设置我的窗口并将面板添加到其中：

public HangmanTwo() {
    window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    window.setBackground(Color.white);
    window.setSize(500, 500);
    window.add(panel);
    window.setVisible(true);

}

//以下部分将头部绘制到窗口上：

public class DrawWindow extends JPanel {
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    super.paintComponent(g);
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.drawRect(50, 50, 75, 400);
    g.setColor(Color.lightGray);
    g.fillRect(50, 50, 75, 400);
    g.drawRect(100, 50, 150, 50);
    g.fillRect(100, 50, 250, 50);


    //Draws noose and head
    g.setColor(Color.black);
    g.fillRect(250, 100, 1, 75);
    g.drawOval(220, 175, 60, 60);
    g.fillOval(220, 175, 60, 60);
}
}

现在，当这个人第二次猜错的时候，我只想把身体加在头上。但是，当我尝试在上添加这两个选项时：

...
    } else if (score == 2) {
        printOutScore(2, 4);
        DrawHead head = new DrawHead();
        DrawBody body = new DrawBody();
        window.add(head);
        window.add(body);
        window.setVisible(true);
    } else if (score == 3) {
...

它只显示身体和整个头部消失。正因为如此，不幸的是，当我画身体的时候，我必须重新画头部，你可以想象，当我必须写10次这个简单的水平（包括头部、身体、左臂、右臂、左腿、右腿、礼帽、烟斗、领带和一杯白兰地）的时候，我的代码变得不可思议的长。现在我绘制主体的函数类如下所示：（DrawHead加上一些主体代码）：

有谁能帮我想一想怎样才能做得更聪明？我不知道如何在DrawBody中调用DrawHead等等。任何帮助都将不胜感激

---

萨卢多斯

您遇到的基本问题是，

JFrame

使用的是

BorderLayout

，默认情况下，这将只允许单个组件占据其五个可能的布局位置中的每一个。这意味着，当您将新组件添加到默认位置时，用于存在该位置的组件将“隐藏”

您基本上有两个选项（您可能还有更多选项，但它们可能基于以下概念…）

一。。。 您可以使用不同的布局管理器，在自己的面板上绘制每个身体部位

例如

眼前的问题是，为了正确布局所有组件，您需要能够“隐藏”绘制的内容，直到您需要它。也就是说，必须先将每个车身板件添加到框架中，然后根据需要将其内容“打开”或“关闭”

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class HangMan03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new HangMan03();
    }

    public HangMan03() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new GallosPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public static class GallosPane extends JPanel {

        private HeadPane headPane;
        private BodyPane bodyPane;
        private ArmPane rightArm;
        private ArmPane leftArm;
        private LegPane rightLeg;
        private LegPane leftLeg;

        private int score = 0;

        public GallosPane() {
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());
            JPanel personPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
            GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy = 0;
            gbc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.SOUTH;
            gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;

            headPane = new HeadPane();
            personPane.add(headPane, gbc);

            gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
            gbc.gridwidth = 1;
            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy = 1;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHEAST;
            rightArm = new ArmPane(Side.Right);
            personPane.add(rightArm, gbc);

            gbc.gridx = 1;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTH;
            bodyPane = new BodyPane();
            personPane.add(bodyPane, gbc);

            gbc.gridx = 2;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST;
            leftArm = new ArmPane(Side.Left);
            personPane.add(leftArm, gbc);

            gbc.gridx = 0;
            gbc.gridy = 2;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHEAST;
            rightLeg = new LegPane(Side.Right);
            personPane.add(rightLeg, gbc);

            gbc.gridx = 2;
            gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST;
            leftLeg = new LegPane(Side.Left);
            personPane.add(leftLeg, gbc);

            add(personPane);

            JButton btn = new JButton("Next");
            add(btn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    score++;
                    if (score == 1) {
                        headPane.setPainted(true);
                    } else if (score == 2) {
                        leftArm.setPainted(true);
                    } else if (score == 3) {
                        rightArm.setPainted(true);
                    } else if (score == 4) {
                        bodyPane.setPainted(true);
                    } else if (score == 5) {
                        leftLeg.setPainted(true);
                    } else if (score == 6) {
                        rightLeg.setPainted(true);
                    } else {
                        headPane.setPainted(false);
                        leftArm.setPainted(false);
                        rightArm.setPainted(false);
                        bodyPane.setPainted(false);
                        leftLeg.setPainted(false);
                        rightLeg.setPainted(false);
                        score = 0;
                    }
                }
            });

        }

    }

    public enum Side {

        Left, Right;
    }

    public static class PartPane extends JPanel {

        private boolean painted;

        public PartPane() {
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        public void setPainted(boolean painted) {
            this.painted = painted;
            repaint();
        }

        public boolean isPainted() {
            return painted;
        }

    }

    public static class HeadPane extends PartPane {

        public static final int RADIUS = 10;

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(RADIUS, RADIUS);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            if (isPainted()) {
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
                int x = (getWidth() - RADIUS) / 2;
                int y = (getHeight() - RADIUS) / 2;
                g2d.drawOval(x, y, RADIUS - 1, RADIUS - 1);
                g2d.dispose();
            }
        }

    }

    public static class BodyPane extends PartPane {

        public BodyPane() {
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(1, HeadPane.RADIUS * 2);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            if (isPainted()) {
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
                g2d.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
                g2d.dispose();
            }
        }

    }

    public static class ArmPane extends PartPane {

        private Side side;

        public ArmPane(Side side) {
            super();
            this.side = side;
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(HeadPane.RADIUS, HeadPane.RADIUS);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            if (isPainted()) {
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
                int x1 = 0;
                int y1 = 0;
                int x2 = 0;
                int y2 = 0;

                switch (side) {
                    case Left:
                        x2 = getWidth() - 1;
                        y2 = getHeight() - 1;
                        break;
                    case Right:
                        x1 = getWidth() - 1;
                        y1 = 0;
                        y2 = getHeight() - 1;
                        break;
                }

                g2d.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);
                g2d.dispose();
            }
        }

    }

    public static class LegPane extends ArmPane {

        public LegPane(Side side) {
            super(side);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(HeadPane.RADIUS, HeadPane.RADIUS * 2);
        }

    }

}

现在，在我看来，这是非常复杂的，充满了问题和容易打破

两个 您可以使用单个组件并直接对其进行绘制

到目前为止，这是一种更简单的方法，因为您可以完全控制每个部分的渲染方式

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class HangMan031 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new HangMan031();
    }

    public HangMan031() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new GallosPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public static class GallosPane extends JPanel {

        private PersonPane personPane;

        private int score = 0;

        public GallosPane() {
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());

            personPane = new PersonPane();
            add(personPane);

            JButton btn = new JButton("Next");
            add(btn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    personPane.badGuess();
                }
            });

        }

    }

    public static class PersonPane extends JPanel {

        public static final int RADIUS = 10;
        public static final int HEAD_HEIGHT = RADIUS;
        public static final int BODY_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT * 2;
        public static final int ARM_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT;
        public static final int ARM_WIDTH = RADIUS;
        public static final int LEG_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT * 2;
        public static final int LEG_WIDTH = RADIUS;
        private int score = 0;

        public PersonPane() {
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(((ARM_WIDTH + LEG_WIDTH) * 2) + 1, HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT + LEG_HEIGHT);
        }

        public void badGuess() {
            score++;
            if (score > 6) {
                score = 0;
            }
            repaint();
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();

            Dimension size = getPreferredSize();

            int centerX = getWidth() / 2;
            int y = ((getHeight() - (size.height)) / 2);


            switch (score) {
                case 6:
                    int x = centerX;
                    int yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x - LEG_WIDTH, yPos + LEG_HEIGHT);
                case 5:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x + LEG_WIDTH, yPos + LEG_HEIGHT);
                case 4:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x, yPos + BODY_HEIGHT);
                case 3:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x - ARM_WIDTH, yPos + ARM_HEIGHT);
                case 2:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x + ARM_WIDTH, yPos + ARM_HEIGHT);
                case 1:
                    x = centerX - (HEAD_HEIGHT / 2);
                    yPos = y;
                    g2d.drawOval(x, y, HEAD_HEIGHT, HEAD_HEIGHT);
                case 0:
                    break;
            }
            g2d.dispose();
        }            
    }
}

---

布局管理器出现问题，默认情况下，

JFrame

使用

BorderLayout

。你有两个选择。要么把所有的东西都画在一个面板上，要么使用更好的布局管理器。你需要做以上的组合：使用更好的布局管理器，画一个JPanel。

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class HangMan031 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new HangMan031();
    }

    public HangMan031() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new GallosPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public static class GallosPane extends JPanel {

        private PersonPane personPane;

        private int score = 0;

        public GallosPane() {
            setLayout(new BorderLayout());

            personPane = new PersonPane();
            add(personPane);

            JButton btn = new JButton("Next");
            add(btn, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    personPane.badGuess();
                }
            });

        }

    }

    public static class PersonPane extends JPanel {

        public static final int RADIUS = 10;
        public static final int HEAD_HEIGHT = RADIUS;
        public static final int BODY_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT * 2;
        public static final int ARM_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT;
        public static final int ARM_WIDTH = RADIUS;
        public static final int LEG_HEIGHT = HEAD_HEIGHT * 2;
        public static final int LEG_WIDTH = RADIUS;
        private int score = 0;

        public PersonPane() {
            setOpaque(false);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(((ARM_WIDTH + LEG_WIDTH) * 2) + 1, HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT + LEG_HEIGHT);
        }

        public void badGuess() {
            score++;
            if (score > 6) {
                score = 0;
            }
            repaint();
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();

            Dimension size = getPreferredSize();

            int centerX = getWidth() / 2;
            int y = ((getHeight() - (size.height)) / 2);


            switch (score) {
                case 6:
                    int x = centerX;
                    int yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x - LEG_WIDTH, yPos + LEG_HEIGHT);
                case 5:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT + BODY_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x + LEG_WIDTH, yPos + LEG_HEIGHT);
                case 4:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x, yPos + BODY_HEIGHT);
                case 3:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x - ARM_WIDTH, yPos + ARM_HEIGHT);
                case 2:
                    x = centerX;
                    yPos = y + HEAD_HEIGHT;
                    g2d.drawLine(x, yPos, x + ARM_WIDTH, yPos + ARM_HEIGHT);
                case 1:
                    x = centerX - (HEAD_HEIGHT / 2);
                    yPos = y;
                    g2d.drawOval(x, y, HEAD_HEIGHT, HEAD_HEIGHT);
                case 0:
                    break;
            }
            g2d.dispose();
        }            
    }
}