Matplotlib 我可以在嵌入式图形的顶部绘制TKinter对象吗？

简说：

• 我正在创建一个快速的TkinterAPI，首先生成一个tk.Canvas
• 我正在嵌入一个上面带有master=tk.canvas的FigureCanvasTkAgg画布
• 有了它，我可以通过Matplotlib显示图像
• 现在我想在FigureCastKagg画布上绘制TKinter对象（例如矩形或按钮）

这可能吗？或者是否有任何特别建议（即仅使用一种画布或另一种）

下面是一些快速代码：

import tkinter as tk
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
  def __init__(self):
    tk.Tk.__init__(self)
    self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=500, cursor="cross")
    self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)

  def draw_image_and_button(self):
    self.figure_obj = Figure()
    a = self.figure_obj.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1])
    imgplot = a.imshow(some_preloaded_data_array, cmap='gray')
    # create tkagg canvas
    self.canvas_agg = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure_obj, master=self.canvas)
    self.canvas_agg.draw()
    self.canvas_agg.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
    # attempt to draw rectangle
    self.rectangle = self.canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 100, fill='red')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp()
    app.draw_image()
    app.mainloop()

我的意思是，我看到矩形是在图像之前绘制的。也许是我不了解FigureCastKagg是如何连接到tk.canvas的

---

谢谢大家!

好的，这是我最近开发的一个应用程序，其中有matplotlib小部件和鼠标事件。您也可以使用tkinter小部件，但我没有找到将它们放在matplolib画布上的方法。就我个人而言，我更喜欢matplotlib小部件而不是tkinter小部件，所以我认为它还不错

您必须采取的唯一预先步骤是修改matplotlib源代码，因为您需要将画布传递给小部件类，而默认情况下，小部件采用图形画布，嵌入tk时将不起作用（按钮将无响应）。修改实际上很简单，但我们还是按顺序进行吧

在matplotlib文件夹中打开“widgets.py”（具体取决于安装位置，在我的示例中，它位于“C:\Program Files\Python37\Lib\site packages\matplotlib”中）

转到

类AxesWidget（Widget）

（第90行左右）并使用以下代码修改

\uuuu init\uuuuu

方法：

如您所见，与原始代码相比，我添加了一个关键字参数

canvas=None

。通过这种方式，原始功能得到了维护，但现在您可以将画布传递给小部件

要在嵌入tk的matplolib画布上有一个响应按钮，现在创建一个小部件，并传递使用

FigureCanvasTkAgg创建的matplolib画布。例如，对于
按钮
，您可以编写

好了，现在我们已经具备了在tk中嵌入matplolib画布上的matplolib小部件所需的所有功能，此外，您还可以拥有鼠标和按键事件，我想这涵盖了您从GUI所期望的95%。请注意，如果不想修改原始源代码，当然可以创建自己的类来复制

AxesWidget

class

您可以在这里找到所有可用的matplolib小部件

这是您的应用程序的修改版本，我们将所有内容放在一起：

将tkinter作为tk导入 从matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg导入图CAVASTKAGG，导航工具栏2TK 从matplotlib.figure导入图形 从matplotlib.widgets导入按钮 将numpy作为np导入

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=500, cursor="cross")
        self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)

    def draw_image_and_button(self):
        self.figure_obj = Figure()
        self.ax = self.figure_obj.add_subplot()
        self.figure_obj.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.25)
        some_preloaded_data_array = np.zeros((600,600))
        imgplot = self.ax.imshow(some_preloaded_data_array, cmap='gray')
        # create tkagg canvas
        self.canvas_agg = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure_obj, master=self.canvas)
        self.canvas_agg.draw()
        self.canvas_agg.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        # add matplolib toolbar
        toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas_agg, self.canvas)
        toolbar.update()
        self.canvas_agg._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        # add matplolib widgets
        self.ax_ok_B = self.figure_obj.add_subplot(position=[0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.03]) # axes position doesn't really matter here because we have the resize event that adjusts widget position
        self.ok_B = Button(self.ax_ok_B, 'Ok', canvas=self.canvas_agg)
        # add tkinter widgets (outside of the matplolib canvas)
        button = tk.Button(master=self, text="Quit", command=self._quit)
        button.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
        # Connect to Events
        self.ok_B.on_clicked(self.ok)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.press)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('resize_event', self.resize)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.abort_exec)

    def abort_exec(self):
        print('Closing with \'x\' is disabled. Please use quit button')

    def _quit(self):
        print('Bye bye')
        self.quit()
        self.destroy()

    def ok(self, event):
        print('Bye bye')
        self.quit()
        self.destroy()

    def press(self, event):
        button = event.button
        print('You pressed button {}'.format(button))
        if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
            self.xp = int(event.xdata)
            self.yp = int(event.ydata)
            self.cid = (self.canvas_agg).mpl_connect('motion_notify_event',
                                                            self.draw_line)
            self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xp], [self.yp, self.yp])

    def draw_line(self, event):
        if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
            self.yd = int(event.ydata)
            self.xd = int(event.xdata)
            self.pltLine.set_visible(False)
            self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xd], [self.yp, self.yd], color='r')
            self.ax.add_line(self.pltLine)
            (self.canvas_agg).draw_idle()

    def release(self, event):
        button = event.button
        (self.canvas_agg).mpl_disconnect(self.cid)
        print('You released button {}'.format(button))

    def on_key_press(self, event):
        print("you pressed {}".format(event.key))

    # Resize event is needed if you want your widget to move together with the plot when you resize the window
    def resize(self, event):
        ax_ok_left, ax_ok_bottom, ax_ok_right, ax_ok_top = self.ax.get_position().get_points().flatten()
        B_h = 0.08 # button width
        B_w = 0.2 # button height
        B_sp = 0.08 # space between plot and button
        self.ax_ok_B.set_position([ax_ok_right-B_w, ax_ok_bottom-B_h-B_sp, B_w, B_h])
        print('Window was resized')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp()
    app.draw_image_and_button()
    app.mainloop()

好的，让我们看看这个应用程序的功能：

• 按键盘上的一个键→ 打印按下的键
• 按鼠标键→ 打印按下的按钮（1=左，2=轮，3=右）
• 释放鼠标按钮→ 打印已发布的按钮
• 在绘图的任意点上按右键，并在按住鼠标键的同时画一条线
• 按“确定”或“退出”关闭应用程序
• 按“x”关闭窗口被禁用
• 调整窗口大小→ 绘图并相应缩放

我还随意添加了经典的matplotlib工具栏，用于缩放等其他功能

请注意，图像打印是通过添加调整大小功能的

add\u suplot（）

方法添加的。这样，当您调整窗口大小时，绘图将相应缩放

我实现的大部分内容都可以在matplotlib关于如何嵌入tk（）的官方教程中找到

---

如果这回答了你的问题，请告诉我。我想和大家分享，因为几天前我开发了一些非常类似的东西

您需要Tkinter对象还是可以使用matplotlib小部件？或者，我想制作一个用于可视化图像的应用程序，我预计需要按钮、文本字段、可能的缩放功能、鼠标和键盘事件以及使用自己的事件功能定义对象的可能性。您尝试过在绘图上绘制一些东西吗？它看起来像是

self.canvas\u agg.get\u tk\u widget（）

可能会返回一个画布。没错，它确实返回了一个画布对象，我可以调用该方法从中绘制矩形，但它不会出现！谢谢，我现在用FigureCanvasTkAgg和matplotlib小部件制定了大部分代码，我已经可以解决我的许多必要问题了。

from matplotlib.widgets import Button

ok_button = Button(ax_ok_button, 'Ok', canvas=canvas)  # canvas created with FigureCanvasTkAgg

class MyApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, width=500, height=500, cursor="cross")
        self.canvas.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)

    def draw_image_and_button(self):
        self.figure_obj = Figure()
        self.ax = self.figure_obj.add_subplot()
        self.figure_obj.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.25)
        some_preloaded_data_array = np.zeros((600,600))
        imgplot = self.ax.imshow(some_preloaded_data_array, cmap='gray')
        # create tkagg canvas
        self.canvas_agg = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.figure_obj, master=self.canvas)
        self.canvas_agg.draw()
        self.canvas_agg.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        # add matplolib toolbar
        toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas_agg, self.canvas)
        toolbar.update()
        self.canvas_agg._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
        # add matplolib widgets
        self.ax_ok_B = self.figure_obj.add_subplot(position=[0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.03]) # axes position doesn't really matter here because we have the resize event that adjusts widget position
        self.ok_B = Button(self.ax_ok_B, 'Ok', canvas=self.canvas_agg)
        # add tkinter widgets (outside of the matplolib canvas)
        button = tk.Button(master=self, text="Quit", command=self._quit)
        button.pack(side=tk.BOTTOM)
        # Connect to Events
        self.ok_B.on_clicked(self.ok)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.press)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.release)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect('resize_event', self.resize)
        self.canvas_agg.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.abort_exec)

    def abort_exec(self):
        print('Closing with \'x\' is disabled. Please use quit button')

    def _quit(self):
        print('Bye bye')
        self.quit()
        self.destroy()

    def ok(self, event):
        print('Bye bye')
        self.quit()
        self.destroy()

    def press(self, event):
        button = event.button
        print('You pressed button {}'.format(button))
        if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
            self.xp = int(event.xdata)
            self.yp = int(event.ydata)
            self.cid = (self.canvas_agg).mpl_connect('motion_notify_event',
                                                            self.draw_line)
            self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xp], [self.yp, self.yp])

    def draw_line(self, event):
        if event.inaxes == self.ax and event.button == 3:
            self.yd = int(event.ydata)
            self.xd = int(event.xdata)
            self.pltLine.set_visible(False)
            self.pltLine = Line2D([self.xp, self.xd], [self.yp, self.yd], color='r')
            self.ax.add_line(self.pltLine)
            (self.canvas_agg).draw_idle()

    def release(self, event):
        button = event.button
        (self.canvas_agg).mpl_disconnect(self.cid)
        print('You released button {}'.format(button))

    def on_key_press(self, event):
        print("you pressed {}".format(event.key))

    # Resize event is needed if you want your widget to move together with the plot when you resize the window
    def resize(self, event):
        ax_ok_left, ax_ok_bottom, ax_ok_right, ax_ok_top = self.ax.get_position().get_points().flatten()
        B_h = 0.08 # button width
        B_w = 0.2 # button height
        B_sp = 0.08 # space between plot and button
        self.ax_ok_B.set_position([ax_ok_right-B_w, ax_ok_bottom-B_h-B_sp, B_w, B_h])
        print('Window was resized')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = MyApp()
    app.draw_image_and_button()
    app.mainloop()