不使用mysqldump复制/复制数据库
如果没有对服务器的本地访问,是否有任何方法可以在不使用不使用mysqldump复制/复制数据库,mysql,Mysql,如果没有对服务器的本地访问,是否有任何方法可以在不使用mysqldump的情况下将MySQL数据库(有内容和无内容)复制/克隆到另一个数据库中 我目前正在使用MySQL 4.0。您可以通过运行以下命令来复制没有数据的表: CREATE TABLE x LIKE y; (见文件) 您可以编写一个脚本,从一个数据库获取SHOW TABLES的输出,并将模式复制到另一个数据库。您应该能够引用架构+表名,如: CREATE TABLE x LIKE other_db.y; 就数据而言,您也可以在My
mysqldump
的情况下将MySQL数据库(有内容和无内容)复制/克隆到另一个数据库中
我目前正在使用MySQL 4.0。您可以通过运行以下命令来复制没有数据的表:
CREATE TABLE x LIKE y;
(见文件)
您可以编写一个脚本,从一个数据库获取SHOW TABLES
的输出,并将模式复制到另一个数据库。您应该能够引用架构+表名,如:
CREATE TABLE x LIKE other_db.y;
就数据而言,您也可以在MySQL中完成,但速度不一定快。创建引用后,可以运行以下操作来复制数据:
INSERT INTO x SELECT * FROM other_db.y;
如果使用MyISAM,最好复制表文件;会快得多。如果将INNODB与一起使用,您也应该能够这样做
如果您最终在SELECT中插入了,请确保使用ALTER TABLE x暂时禁用键
EDIT还有一些脚本可能有助于同步数据。它可能不会更快,但您可以在实时数据上运行它们的同步脚本,而无需太多锁定 如果您使用的是Linux,则可以使用以下bash脚本:
(它可能需要一些额外的代码清理,但它可以工作……而且比mysqldump | mysql快得多)
我可以看到您说您不想使用mysqldump
,但我在寻找类似解决方案时访问了此页面,其他人可能也会找到它。考虑到这一点,下面是一种从windows服务器的命令行复制数据库的简单方法:
使用MySQLAdmin或您首选的方法创建目标数据库。在本例中,db2
是目标数据库,将在其中复制源数据库db1
在命令行上执行以下语句:
mysqldump-h[server]-u[user]-p[password]db1 | mysql-h[server]-u[user]-p[password]db2
注意:在PHP中,-p
和[密码]
之间没有空格:
function cloneDatabase($dbName, $newDbName){
global $admin;
$db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $dbName );
$getTables = $admin->query("SHOW TABLES");
$tables = array();
while($row = mysql_fetch_row($getTables)){
$tables[] = $row[0];
}
$createTable = mysql_query("CREATE DATABASE `$newDbName` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;") or die(mysql_error());
foreach($tables as $cTable){
$db_check = @mysql_select_db ( $newDbName );
$create = $admin->query("CREATE TABLE $cTable LIKE ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
if(!$create) {
$error = true;
}
$insert = $admin->query("INSERT INTO $cTable SELECT * FROM ".$dbName.".".$cTable);
}
return !isset($error);
}
// usage
$clone = cloneDatabase('dbname','newdbname'); // first: toCopy, second: new database
注意,作为附加mysql实用程序的一部分,有一个mysqldbcopy命令。。。。
我真的不知道你所说的“本地访问”是什么意思。
但对于该解决方案,您需要能够通过ssh访问服务器,以复制存储数据库的文件
我不能使用mysqldump,因为我的数据库很大(7Go,mysqldump失败)
如果2 mysql数据库的版本差异太大,它可能无法工作,您可以使用mysql-V检查您的mysql版本
1) 将数据从远程服务器复制到本地计算机(vps是远程服务器的别名,可以替换为root@1.2.3.4)
2) 导入复制到本地计算机上的数据
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /tmp/var_lib_mysql
sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf
-> [mysqld]
-> datadir=/tmp/var_lib_mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start
如果您有不同的版本,则可能需要运行
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
mysql_upgrade -u root -pPASSWORD --force #that step took almost 1hrs
/etc/init.d/mysql start
不使用mysqldump克隆数据库表的最佳方法:
创建一个新的数据库
使用以下查询创建克隆查询:
SET @NewSchema = 'your_new_db';
SET @OldSchema = 'your_exists_db';
SELECT CONCAT('CREATE TABLE ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name, ' LIKE ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';INSERT INTO ',@NewSchema,'.',table_name,' SELECT * FROM ', TABLE_SCHEMA ,'.',table_name,';')
FROM information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA = @OldSchema AND TABLE_TYPE != 'VIEW';
运行输出
但请注意,上面的脚本只是快速克隆表,而不是视图、触发器和用户函数:您可以通过mysqldump--no data--triggers--uroot--ppassword
快速获取结构,然后使用仅克隆insert语句
为什么这是一个实际问题?因为如果数据库超过2Gb,mysqldumps的上传速度非常慢。而且,您不能仅通过复制数据库文件(如快照备份)来克隆InnoDB表。以前的所有解决方案都有一点道理,但是,它们不会复制所有内容。我创建了一个PHP函数(虽然有点长),它复制所有内容,包括表、外键、数据、视图、过程、函数、触发器和事件。代码如下:
/* This function takes the database connection, an existing database, and the new database and duplicates everything in the new database. */
function copyDatabase($c, $oldDB, $newDB) {
// creates the schema if it does not exist
$schema = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS {$newDB};";
mysqli_query($c, $schema);
// selects the new schema
mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);
// gets all tables in the old schema
$tables = "SELECT table_name
FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $tables);
// checks if any tables were returned and recreates them in the new schema, adds the foreign keys, and inserts the associated data
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
// recreates all tables first
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$table = "CREATE TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]} LIKE {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
mysqli_query($c, $table);
}
// resets the results to loop through again
mysqli_data_seek($results, 0);
// loops through each table to add foreign key and insert data
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
// inserts the data into each table
$data = "INSERT IGNORE INTO {$newDB}.{$row[0]} SELECT * FROM {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
mysqli_query($c, $data);
// gets all foreign keys for a particular table in the old schema
$fks = "SELECT constraint_name, column_name, table_name, referenced_table_name, referenced_column_name
FROM information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE referenced_table_name IS NOT NULL
AND table_schema = '{$oldDB}'
AND table_name = '{$row[0]}'";
$fkResults = mysqli_query($c, $fks);
// checks if any foreign keys were returned and recreates them in the new schema
// Note: ON UPDATE and ON DELETE are not pulled from the original so you would have to change this to your liking
if (mysqli_num_rows($fkResults) > 0) {
while ($fkRow = mysqli_fetch_array($fkResults)) {
$fkQuery = "ALTER TABLE {$newDB}.{$row[0]}
ADD CONSTRAINT {$fkRow[0]}
FOREIGN KEY ({$fkRow[1]}) REFERENCES {$newDB}.{$fkRow[3]}({$fkRow[1]})
ON UPDATE CASCADE
ON DELETE CASCADE;";
mysqli_query($c, $fkQuery);
}
}
}
}
// gets all views in the old schema
$views = "SHOW FULL TABLES IN {$oldDB} WHERE table_type LIKE 'VIEW'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $views);
// checks if any views were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$view = "SHOW CREATE VIEW {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
$viewResults = mysqli_query($c, $view);
$viewRow = mysqli_fetch_array($viewResults);
mysqli_query($c, preg_replace("/CREATE(.*?)VIEW/", "CREATE VIEW", str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $viewRow[1])));
}
}
// gets all triggers in the old schema
$triggers = "SELECT trigger_name, action_timing, event_manipulation, event_object_table, created
FROM information_schema.triggers
WHERE trigger_schema = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $triggers);
// checks if any triggers were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$trigger = "SHOW CREATE TRIGGER {$oldDB}.{$row[0]}";
$triggerResults = mysqli_query($c, $trigger);
$triggerRow = mysqli_fetch_array($triggerResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $triggerRow[2]));
}
}
// gets all procedures in the old schema
$procedures = "SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $procedures);
// checks if any procedures were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$procedure = "SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$procedureResults = mysqli_query($c, $procedure);
$procedureRow = mysqli_fetch_array($procedureResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $procedureRow[2]));
}
}
// gets all functions in the old schema
$functions = "SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE db = '{$oldDB}'";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $functions);
// checks if any functions were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$function = "SHOW CREATE FUNCTION {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$functionResults = mysqli_query($c, $function);
$functionRow = mysqli_fetch_array($functionResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $functionRow[2]));
}
}
// selects the old schema (a must for copying events)
mysqli_select_db($c, $oldDB);
// gets all events in the old schema
$query = "SHOW EVENTS
WHERE db = '{$oldDB}';";
$results = mysqli_query($c, $query);
// selects the new schema again
mysqli_select_db($c, $newDB);
// checks if any events were returned and recreates them in the new schema
if (mysqli_num_rows($results) > 0) {
while ($row = mysqli_fetch_array($results)) {
$event = "SHOW CREATE EVENT {$oldDB}.{$row[1]}";
$eventResults = mysqli_query($c, $event);
$eventRow = mysqli_fetch_array($eventResults);
mysqli_query($c, str_replace($oldDB, $newDB, $eventRow[3]));
}
}
}
显示SQL命令的SQL需要运行才能将数据库从一个数据库复制到另一个数据库。对于每个表,都有CREATETABLE语句和insert语句。它假定两个数据库位于同一台服务器上:
select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";
SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;")
SEPARATOR '\n\n')
as sqlstatement
FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';
实际上,我想用PHP实现这一点,但这里的答案都不是很有帮助,所以下面是我使用MySQLi的非常简单的解决方案:
// Database variables
$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';
$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';
// MYSQL Connect
$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Create destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Iterate through tables of source database
$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];
// Copy table and contents in destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
$mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
endwhile;
Mysqldump是一个不错的解决方案。复制数据库的最简单方法:
mysqldump-uusername-ppass dbname1 | mysql-uusername-ppass dbname2
此外,您还可以通过以下方式更改存储引擎:
mysqldump-uusername-ppass dbname1 | sed's/InnoDB/RocksDB/| mysql-uusername-ppass dbname2
这是重复表的工作吗?因为我看到命令是createtableyoucando。我曾经尝试过复制MyISAM数据库的表文件,但这只是破坏了新数据库。可能是我的错,但这绝对不是像有些人说的那么简单的操作。这是一个很好的技巧,我是一个粉丝,但一个重要的注意事项:如果您对InnoDB表使用上面的脚本,并且有外键,那么这不会带来任何外键约束(即使是在被复制的模式之外的约束),将最后一行更改为:echo“set foreign_key_checks=0;$fCreateTable;$fInsertData;set foreign_key_checks=1;”;mysql$DBCONN$DBNAME
这是否也复制了约束数据和表的其他属性?看起来是这样,因为他使用了“SHOW CREATE TABLE”语句,该语句生成一个包含原始视图所有属性的CREATE TABLE。如果您发现@zirael问题,可能是因为脚本无法复制视图。通过将SHOW TABLES
行更改为SHOW FULL TABLES,其中Table_Type='BASE Table'
并添加| cut-f 1
,可以忽略副本中的视图。完整的行应该是这样的,但将双倒勾替换为单倒勾:“`echo”中表的显示完整表,其中表的类型为'BASE TABLE'”| mysql$DBCONN$DBSNAME | tail-n+2 | cut-f1`;do
我已经通过@jozjan清理了这个脚本,并应用了一些注释
select @fromdb:="crm";
select @todb:="crmen";
SET group_concat_max_len=100000000;
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( concat("CREATE TABLE `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` LIKE `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;\n",
"INSERT INTO `",@todb,"`.`",table_name,"` SELECT * FROM `",@fromdb,"`.`",table_name,"`;")
SEPARATOR '\n\n')
as sqlstatement
FROM information_schema.tables where table_schema=@fromdb and TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE';
// Database variables
$DB_HOST = 'localhost';
$DB_USER = 'root';
$DB_PASS = '1234';
$DB_SRC = 'existing_db';
$DB_DST = 'newly_created_db';
// MYSQL Connect
$mysqli = new mysqli( $DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASS ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Create destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE DATABASE $DB_DST" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
// Iterate through tables of source database
$tables = $mysqli->query( "SHOW TABLES FROM $DB_SRC" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
while( $table = $tables->fetch_array() ): $TABLE = $table[0];
// Copy table and contents in destination database
$mysqli->query( "CREATE TABLE $DB_DST.$TABLE LIKE $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
$mysqli->query( "INSERT INTO $DB_DST.$TABLE SELECT * FROM $DB_SRC.$TABLE" ) or die( $mysqli->error );
endwhile;