Php MS访问多个内部联接

我有一个sql查询

SELECT e.permission_name 
FROM ((((users_roles a 
          INNER JOIN users b 
          ON a.user_id = b.id) 
         INNER JOIN roles c 
         ON a.role_id = c.id) 
        INNER JOIN roles_permissions d 
        ON c.id = d.role_id) 
       INNER JOIN permissions e 
       ON d.permission_id = e.id) 
WHERE b.id = :id

我添加了括号，因为MS Access需要它，但它不起作用

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我在PHP中使用MS Access

我认为不需要放括号，因为它可能会导致语法错误。只需拆下支架

SELECT e.permission_name 
FROM users_roles a 
INNER JOIN users b ON a.user_id = b.id
INNER JOIN roles c ON a.role_id = c.id
INNER JOIN roles_permissions d N c.id = d.role_id
INNER JOIN permissions e ON d.permission_id = e.id
WHERE b.id = :id

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我建议这样编写查询：

SELECT p.permission_name 
FROM (((users_roles as ur INNER JOIN
        users as u
        ON ur.user_id = u.id
       ) INNER JOIN
       roles as r 
       ON ur.role_id = r.id
      ) INNER JOIN
      roles_permissions as rp
     ON r.id = rp.role_id
     ) INNER JOIN
     permissions as p
     ON rp.permission_id = p.id
WHERE u.id = :id;

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与您的版本唯一的真正区别是将

用作表别名。
到底是什么不起作用？删除（），让access重新添加它们。