Python 3.x 未能在Python-3.7-alpine docker容器上安装gcc

我正在尝试设置Python docker容器，当我运行命令docker compose up来构建Dockerfile时，它会向我抛出下面的错误消息

docker文件是在两周前成功构建的，由于requirements.txt中新添加了一个库，我想重新构建docker容器

尝试生成映像会产生以下错误：

Collecting cryptography
  Downloading cryptography-2.8.tar.gz (504 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (140 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-46.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (582 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.34.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (26 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Downloading cffi-1.14.0.tar.gz (463 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-mzaa6f6w
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/
    Complete output (56 lines):
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.7m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
    c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
       15 | #include <ffi.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-akcet9bz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay/include/python3.7m/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/
      Complete output (56 lines):
      Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
      Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
      to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
      Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
      Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
      Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
      to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
      Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
      Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
      Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
      to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
      Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
      Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
      Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
      to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
      Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
      Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
      Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
      to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
      Package 'libffi', required by 'virtual:world', not found
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/cffi
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.7m -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/c/_cffi_backend.o
      c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
         15 | #include <ffi.h>
            |          ^~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-vm8xra6q/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-akcet9bz/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay/include/python3.7m/cffi Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-6ilf25i_/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.

我正在使用以下Dockerfile：

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我用下面的链接提供的答案解决了这个问题

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我用下面的链接提供的答案解决了这个问题

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我能够通过使用非阿尔卑斯山图像修复相同的错误。因此，我的dockerfile的顶部现在是：

    FROM python:3.8.0

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我能够通过使用非阿尔卑斯山图像修复相同的错误。因此，我的dockerfile的顶部现在是：

    FROM python:3.8.0

---

对于我来说，在docker容器中安装这些软件包有助于：

RUN apk update && apk add python3-dev \
                        gcc \
                        libc-dev

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对于我来说，在docker容器中安装这些软件包有助于：

RUN apk update && apk add python3-dev \
                        gcc \
                        libc-dev

---

什么是新的库？@Z4层-请查看上面我的需求文件。新添加的库是django rest knox和web3.py。我可以知道这里会出现什么问题吗？@Z4 tier-我找到了requirements.txt安装失败的根本原因。坏苹果是django rest knox库。为什么？这是个好问题。我实际上也只是在看那个图书馆，但我现在没有一个好的答案。您可能希望尝试的一件事是从alpine切换到python:3.7。很多时候，你使用alpine节省的空间根本不值得你花那么多的精力来使用它。新的库是什么？@Z4-tier-请参阅上面我的需求文件。新添加的库是django rest knox和web3.py。我可以知道这里会出现什么问题吗？@Z4 tier-我找到了requirements.txt安装失败的根本原因。坏苹果是django rest knox库。为什么？这是个好问题。我实际上也只是在看那个图书馆，但我现在没有一个好的答案。您可能希望尝试的一件事是从alpine切换到python:3.7。很多时候，使用alpine节省的空间根本不值得让它工作。我还需要libffi dev，请参阅我还需要libffi dev，请参阅