Python 3.x 在类外使用Def短期影响类

我希望能够在屏幕上旋转一个类，但仅当它与另一个类碰撞时。因此，我可以在类之外单独定义旋转，以便在类返回到其自身的内部定义函数之前，它只在特定的时间段内生效吗

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基本上，我想要一辆赛车在碰到油膜时旋转。

所有这些都可以在物体内完成。我将采取的方法是存储碰撞发生的时间，在进一步设置的时间内运行碰撞动画，然后更改回正常视图。PyGame有一个可通过该函数访问的实时毫秒时钟

这对你每天的雪碧课来说并不是一个巨大的增加。首先，给定一些动画参数，使用PyGame制作一组图像的旋转副本。然后，当触发碰撞/旋转时，使用经过的毫秒时间（自事件开始以来）单步执行动画

import pygame
import random

# Window size
WINDOW_WIDTH    = 400
WINDOW_HEIGHT   = 400
WINDOW_SURFACE  = pygame.HWSURFACE|pygame.DOUBLEBUF|pygame.RESIZABLE

GRASS_GREEN = ( 3, 255,  54)

class CarSprite( pygame.sprite.Sprite ):
    SPIN_TIME  = 1950  # milliseconds spent spinning
    ANIM_DELAY = 50    # milliseconds per frame of animation

    def __init__( self, car_image, x, y ):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image       = car_image
        self.rect        = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = ( x, y )

        self.rotations      = [ self.image ]  
        self.spinning_since = 0  # not spinning (yet)
        self.makeRotations()     # create animation frames

    def makeRotations( self ):
        """ Pre-generate the rotated images for animating the spin """
        ROT_FRAMES = 36    # frames of rotation
        for i in range( ROT_FRAMES ):
            angle = i * ( 360 / ROT_FRAMES )
            rotated_image = pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.image, angle, 1)
            self.rotations.append( rotated_image )

    def spin( self ):
        """ Trigger a spinning action """
        if ( self.spinning_since == 0 ):
            self.spinning_since = pygame.time.get_ticks()  # Start spinning
        else:
            pass  # we're spinning already

    def update( self ):
        # If the car is spinning, set the frame of animation
        if ( self.spinning_since > 0 ):
            time_spinning = pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.spinning_since
            if ( time_spinning >= CarSprite.SPIN_TIME ):
                # Stop spinning, we've spun enough
                self.spinning_since = 0
                index = 0
            else:
                # Map the time to the appropriate animation
                index = int( time_spinning / CarSprite.ANIM_DELAY )
                index %= len( self.rotations )        # ensure it's a valid index

            # update the image, preserving the location about the centroid.
            cx, cy = self.rect.center             # preserve the centre of the image
            self.image = self.rotations[ index ]  # use the new image
            self.rect  = self.image.get_rect()
            self.rect.centerx = cx                # restore the old centre (bitmaps will be different sized)
            self.rect.centery = cy




### MAIN
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode( ( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT ), WINDOW_SURFACE )
pygame.display.set_caption("Collision Spin")


# Add some cars
car_image = pygame.image.load('car.png')
sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
for i in range(3):
    # Random position within the middle 80% of screen 
    pos_x = random.randrange( WINDOW_WIDTH//10, WINDOW_WIDTH-WINDOW_WIDTH//10 )
    pos_y = random.randrange( WINDOW_HEIGHT//10, WINDOW_HEIGHT-WINDOW_HEIGHT//10 )
    sprites.add( CarSprite( car_image, pos_x, pos_y ) ) 


clock = pygame.time.Clock()
done = False
while not done:
    # re-position all the cars
    sprites.update()

    # Handle user-input
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if ( event.type == pygame.QUIT ):
            done = True
        elif ( event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ):
            # On mouse-click, tell *all* the cars they've collided
            for car in sprites:
                car.spin()

    # Movement keys
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    #if ( keys[pygame.K_UP] ):
    #    print("up")

    # Update the window, but not more than 60fps
    window.fill( GRASS_GREEN )
    sprites.draw( window )
    pygame.display.flip()

    # Clamp FPS
    clock.tick_busy_loop(60)


pygame.quit()

从Vectezy拍摄的矢量汽车图像，根据许可证使用。（已转换为位图。）

---

car.png

所有这些都可以在对象内完成。我将采取的方法是存储碰撞发生的时间，在进一步设置的时间内运行碰撞动画，然后更改回正常视图。PyGame有一个可通过该函数访问的实时毫秒时钟

这对你每天的雪碧课来说并不是一个巨大的增加。首先，给定一些动画参数，使用PyGame制作一组图像的旋转副本。然后，当触发碰撞/旋转时，使用经过的毫秒时间（自事件开始以来）单步执行动画

import pygame
import random

# Window size
WINDOW_WIDTH    = 400
WINDOW_HEIGHT   = 400
WINDOW_SURFACE  = pygame.HWSURFACE|pygame.DOUBLEBUF|pygame.RESIZABLE

GRASS_GREEN = ( 3, 255,  54)

class CarSprite( pygame.sprite.Sprite ):
    SPIN_TIME  = 1950  # milliseconds spent spinning
    ANIM_DELAY = 50    # milliseconds per frame of animation

    def __init__( self, car_image, x, y ):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image       = car_image
        self.rect        = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = ( x, y )

        self.rotations      = [ self.image ]  
        self.spinning_since = 0  # not spinning (yet)
        self.makeRotations()     # create animation frames

    def makeRotations( self ):
        """ Pre-generate the rotated images for animating the spin """
        ROT_FRAMES = 36    # frames of rotation
        for i in range( ROT_FRAMES ):
            angle = i * ( 360 / ROT_FRAMES )
            rotated_image = pygame.transform.rotozoom(self.image, angle, 1)
            self.rotations.append( rotated_image )

    def spin( self ):
        """ Trigger a spinning action """
        if ( self.spinning_since == 0 ):
            self.spinning_since = pygame.time.get_ticks()  # Start spinning
        else:
            pass  # we're spinning already

    def update( self ):
        # If the car is spinning, set the frame of animation
        if ( self.spinning_since > 0 ):
            time_spinning = pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.spinning_since
            if ( time_spinning >= CarSprite.SPIN_TIME ):
                # Stop spinning, we've spun enough
                self.spinning_since = 0
                index = 0
            else:
                # Map the time to the appropriate animation
                index = int( time_spinning / CarSprite.ANIM_DELAY )
                index %= len( self.rotations )        # ensure it's a valid index

            # update the image, preserving the location about the centroid.
            cx, cy = self.rect.center             # preserve the centre of the image
            self.image = self.rotations[ index ]  # use the new image
            self.rect  = self.image.get_rect()
            self.rect.centerx = cx                # restore the old centre (bitmaps will be different sized)
            self.rect.centery = cy




### MAIN
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode( ( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT ), WINDOW_SURFACE )
pygame.display.set_caption("Collision Spin")


# Add some cars
car_image = pygame.image.load('car.png')
sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
for i in range(3):
    # Random position within the middle 80% of screen 
    pos_x = random.randrange( WINDOW_WIDTH//10, WINDOW_WIDTH-WINDOW_WIDTH//10 )
    pos_y = random.randrange( WINDOW_HEIGHT//10, WINDOW_HEIGHT-WINDOW_HEIGHT//10 )
    sprites.add( CarSprite( car_image, pos_x, pos_y ) ) 


clock = pygame.time.Clock()
done = False
while not done:
    # re-position all the cars
    sprites.update()

    # Handle user-input
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if ( event.type == pygame.QUIT ):
            done = True
        elif ( event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ):
            # On mouse-click, tell *all* the cars they've collided
            for car in sprites:
                car.spin()

    # Movement keys
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    #if ( keys[pygame.K_UP] ):
    #    print("up")

    # Update the window, but not more than 60fps
    window.fill( GRASS_GREEN )
    sprites.draw( window )
    pygame.display.flip()

    # Clamp FPS
    clock.tick_busy_loop(60)


pygame.quit()

从Vectezy拍摄的矢量汽车图像，根据许可证使用。（已转换为位图。）

---

car.png

我想您需要为上下文显示一些代码。在类中拥有一个方法并不意味着你不能控制它何时执行。您需要调用met）函数才能运行它们；不管他们在哪里。我认为你所说的可以通过多态性来处理。看看这一点和其他OOP原则。我认为您需要为上下文显示一些代码。在类中拥有一个方法并不意味着你不能控制它何时执行。您需要调用met）函数才能运行它们；不管他们在哪里。我认为你所说的可以通过多态性来处理。看看这个和其他OOP原则。哦，这应该存储以前的图像索引，然后只有在发生更改时才重新设置图像和rect。我想这是留给读者的一个优化！如果pygame.sprite.spritecollide（）发生在金斯利，我想我可能已经通过调用car.spin（）找到了答案。。。。非常感谢-我让它工作得很好，完全符合我的要求：）哦，这应该存储以前的图像索引，然后只有在发生更改时才重新设置图像和rect。我想这是留给读者的一个优化！如果pygame.sprite.spritecollide（）发生在金斯利，我想我可能已经通过调用car.spin（）找到了答案。。。。非常感谢-我让它工作得很好，而且做的正是我想要的：）