Python 令牌名称'；app&x27；没有定义。瓶子

我正在尝试用工厂设计模式实现一个flask应用程序。由于此错误，无法运行应用程序

127.0.0.1 - - [24/Jun/2018 18:07:14] "OPTIONS /api/v1/users/register HTTP/1.1" 200 -
token name 'app' is not defined
127.0.0.1 - - [24/Jun/2018 18:07:15] "POST /api/v1/users/register HTTP/1.1" 500 -
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2309, in __call__ 
    return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2295, in wsgi_app 
    response = self.handle_exception(e)
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask_cors/extension.py", line 161, in wrapped_function 
    return cors_after_request(app.make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)))
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1741, in handle_exception 
    reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 35, in reraise 
    raise value
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2292, in wsgi_app 
    response = self.full_dispatch_request()
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1815, in full_dispatch_request 
    rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask_cors/extension.py", line 161, in wrapped_function 
    return cors_after_request(app.make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)))
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1718, in handle_user_exception  reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 35, in 
    reraise raise value
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1813, in full_dispatch_request 
    rv = self.dispatch_request()
  File "/home/jacobo/.local/share/virtualenvs/alen-yVjuFfoa/lib/python3.5/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1799, in dispatch_request 
    return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
  File "/mnt/c/Users/Jacobo/Projects/alen/server/users/api.py", line 25, in register 
   'token': token.decode()
AttributeError: 'NameError' object has no attribute 'decode'

我的项目结构如下：

/ myapp
  /users
    api.py
    models.py
  app.py
  database.py
  extensions.py
  settings.py
run.py

我认为问题在于应用程序未被识别为应用程序配置。但我不知道如何让它工作

app.py

from flask import Flask, render_template
from server import users
from server.extensions import bcrypt, db, migrate, cors
from server.settings import DevConfig


def create_app(config_object=DevConfig):
    app = Flask(__name__,
                static_folder="../frontend/public",
                template_folder="../frontend/public")
    app.config.from_object(config_object)
    register_extensions(app)
    register_blueprints(app)
    return app


def register_extensions(app):
    bcrypt.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    cors.init_app(app)
    return None


def register_blueprints(app):
    app.register_blueprint(users.api.blueprint)
    return None

import os


class Config(object):

    SECRET_KEY = 'p9Bv<3Eid9%$i01'
    APP_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))  # This directory
    PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(APP_DIR, os.pardir))
    BCRYPT_LOG_ROUNDS = 13
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False 
    DEBUG_TB_INTERCEPT_REDIRECTS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = database


class ProdConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'prod'
    DEBUG = False
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False  

class DevConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'dev'
    DEBUG = True
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = True

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request, make_response
from .models import User
from server.extensions import db
from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError

blueprint = Blueprint('user', __name__, url_prefix='/api/v1/users')


@blueprint.route("/register", methods=['POST'])
def register():
    data = request.get_json()
    user = User.query.filter_by(email=data.get('email')).first()
    if not user:
            user = User(
                email=data["email"],
                password=data["password"]
            )
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            token = user.encode_auth_token(user.id)
            print('token', token)
            responseObject = {
                'status': 'success',
                'message': 'Succesfully registered.',
                'token': token.decode()
            }
            return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 201

    else:
        responseObject = {
            'status': 'fail',
            'message': 'User already exists. Please log in.'
        }
        return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 202

import datetime as dt
import jwt

from server.database import Column, Model, SurrogatePK
from server.database import db, reference_col, relationship
from server.extensions import bcrypt


class Role(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'roles'
    name = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    user_id = reference_col('users', nullable=True)
    user = relationship('User', backref='roles')

    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, name=name, **kwargs)

    def __repr__(self):
        """Represent instance as a unique string."""
        return '<Role({name})>'.format(name=self.name)


class User(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'users'
    email = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password = Column(db.String(255), nullable=True)
    created_at = Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False,
                        default=dt.datetime.utcnow)
    active = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)
    is_admin = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)

    def __init__(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, email=email, **kwargs)
        if password:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.password = None

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(password).decode()

    def check_password(self, value):
        return bcrypt.check_password_hash(self.password, value)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User({email!r})>'.format(email=self.email)

    def encode_auth_token(self, user_id):
        try:
            payload = {
                'exp': dt.datetime.utcnow() + dt.timedelta(days=0, seconds=5),
                'iat': dt.datetime.utcnow(),
                'sub': user_id
            }
            return jwt.encode(
                payload,
                app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'),
                algorithm='HS256'
            )
        except Exception as e:
            return e

    @staticmethod
    def decode_auth_token(auth_token):
        """
        Validates the auth token
        :param auth_token:
        :return: integer|string
        """
        try:
            payload = jwt.decode(auth_token, app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'))
            is_blacklisted_token = BlacklistToken.check_blacklist(auth_token)
            if is_blacklisted_token:
                return 'Token blacklisted. Please log in again.'
            else:
                return payload['sub']
        except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
            return 'Signature expired. Please log in again.'
        except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
            return 'Invalid token. Please log in again.'

设置.py

from flask import Flask, render_template
from server import users
from server.extensions import bcrypt, db, migrate, cors
from server.settings import DevConfig


def create_app(config_object=DevConfig):
    app = Flask(__name__,
                static_folder="../frontend/public",
                template_folder="../frontend/public")
    app.config.from_object(config_object)
    register_extensions(app)
    register_blueprints(app)
    return app


def register_extensions(app):
    bcrypt.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    cors.init_app(app)
    return None


def register_blueprints(app):
    app.register_blueprint(users.api.blueprint)
    return None

import os


class Config(object):

    SECRET_KEY = 'p9Bv<3Eid9%$i01'
    APP_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))  # This directory
    PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(APP_DIR, os.pardir))
    BCRYPT_LOG_ROUNDS = 13
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False 
    DEBUG_TB_INTERCEPT_REDIRECTS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = database


class ProdConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'prod'
    DEBUG = False
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False  

class DevConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'dev'
    DEBUG = True
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = True

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request, make_response
from .models import User
from server.extensions import db
from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError

blueprint = Blueprint('user', __name__, url_prefix='/api/v1/users')


@blueprint.route("/register", methods=['POST'])
def register():
    data = request.get_json()
    user = User.query.filter_by(email=data.get('email')).first()
    if not user:
            user = User(
                email=data["email"],
                password=data["password"]
            )
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            token = user.encode_auth_token(user.id)
            print('token', token)
            responseObject = {
                'status': 'success',
                'message': 'Succesfully registered.',
                'token': token.decode()
            }
            return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 201

    else:
        responseObject = {
            'status': 'fail',
            'message': 'User already exists. Please log in.'
        }
        return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 202

import datetime as dt
import jwt

from server.database import Column, Model, SurrogatePK
from server.database import db, reference_col, relationship
from server.extensions import bcrypt


class Role(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'roles'
    name = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    user_id = reference_col('users', nullable=True)
    user = relationship('User', backref='roles')

    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, name=name, **kwargs)

    def __repr__(self):
        """Represent instance as a unique string."""
        return '<Role({name})>'.format(name=self.name)


class User(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'users'
    email = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password = Column(db.String(255), nullable=True)
    created_at = Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False,
                        default=dt.datetime.utcnow)
    active = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)
    is_admin = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)

    def __init__(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, email=email, **kwargs)
        if password:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.password = None

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(password).decode()

    def check_password(self, value):
        return bcrypt.check_password_hash(self.password, value)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User({email!r})>'.format(email=self.email)

    def encode_auth_token(self, user_id):
        try:
            payload = {
                'exp': dt.datetime.utcnow() + dt.timedelta(days=0, seconds=5),
                'iat': dt.datetime.utcnow(),
                'sub': user_id
            }
            return jwt.encode(
                payload,
                app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'),
                algorithm='HS256'
            )
        except Exception as e:
            return e

    @staticmethod
    def decode_auth_token(auth_token):
        """
        Validates the auth token
        :param auth_token:
        :return: integer|string
        """
        try:
            payload = jwt.decode(auth_token, app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'))
            is_blacklisted_token = BlacklistToken.check_blacklist(auth_token)
            if is_blacklisted_token:
                return 'Token blacklisted. Please log in again.'
            else:
                return payload['sub']
        except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
            return 'Signature expired. Please log in again.'
        except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
            return 'Invalid token. Please log in again.'

/users/models.py

from flask import Flask, render_template
from server import users
from server.extensions import bcrypt, db, migrate, cors
from server.settings import DevConfig


def create_app(config_object=DevConfig):
    app = Flask(__name__,
                static_folder="../frontend/public",
                template_folder="../frontend/public")
    app.config.from_object(config_object)
    register_extensions(app)
    register_blueprints(app)
    return app


def register_extensions(app):
    bcrypt.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    cors.init_app(app)
    return None


def register_blueprints(app):
    app.register_blueprint(users.api.blueprint)
    return None

import os


class Config(object):

    SECRET_KEY = 'p9Bv<3Eid9%$i01'
    APP_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))  # This directory
    PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(APP_DIR, os.pardir))
    BCRYPT_LOG_ROUNDS = 13
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False 
    DEBUG_TB_INTERCEPT_REDIRECTS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = database


class ProdConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'prod'
    DEBUG = False
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = False  

class DevConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'dev'
    DEBUG = True
    DEBUG_TB_ENABLED = True

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify, request, make_response
from .models import User
from server.extensions import db
from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError

blueprint = Blueprint('user', __name__, url_prefix='/api/v1/users')


@blueprint.route("/register", methods=['POST'])
def register():
    data = request.get_json()
    user = User.query.filter_by(email=data.get('email')).first()
    if not user:
            user = User(
                email=data["email"],
                password=data["password"]
            )
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            token = user.encode_auth_token(user.id)
            print('token', token)
            responseObject = {
                'status': 'success',
                'message': 'Succesfully registered.',
                'token': token.decode()
            }
            return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 201

    else:
        responseObject = {
            'status': 'fail',
            'message': 'User already exists. Please log in.'
        }
        return make_response(jsonify(responseObject)), 202

import datetime as dt
import jwt

from server.database import Column, Model, SurrogatePK
from server.database import db, reference_col, relationship
from server.extensions import bcrypt


class Role(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'roles'
    name = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    user_id = reference_col('users', nullable=True)
    user = relationship('User', backref='roles')

    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, name=name, **kwargs)

    def __repr__(self):
        """Represent instance as a unique string."""
        return '<Role({name})>'.format(name=self.name)


class User(SurrogatePK, Model):

    __tablename__ = 'users'
    email = Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password = Column(db.String(255), nullable=True)
    created_at = Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False,
                        default=dt.datetime.utcnow)
    active = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)
    is_admin = Column(db.Boolean(), default=False)

    def __init__(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
        db.Model.__init__(self, email=email, **kwargs)
        if password:
            self.set_password(password)
        else:
            self.password = None

    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(password).decode()

    def check_password(self, value):
        return bcrypt.check_password_hash(self.password, value)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User({email!r})>'.format(email=self.email)

    def encode_auth_token(self, user_id):
        try:
            payload = {
                'exp': dt.datetime.utcnow() + dt.timedelta(days=0, seconds=5),
                'iat': dt.datetime.utcnow(),
                'sub': user_id
            }
            return jwt.encode(
                payload,
                app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'),
                algorithm='HS256'
            )
        except Exception as e:
            return e

    @staticmethod
    def decode_auth_token(auth_token):
        """
        Validates the auth token
        :param auth_token:
        :return: integer|string
        """
        try:
            payload = jwt.decode(auth_token, app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'))
            is_blacklisted_token = BlacklistToken.check_blacklist(auth_token)
            if is_blacklisted_token:
                return 'Token blacklisted. Please log in again.'
            else:
                return payload['sub']
        except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
            return 'Signature expired. Please log in again.'
        except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
            return 'Invalid token. Please log in again.'

将日期时间导入为dt
进口jwt
从server.database导入列、模型、代理程序
从server.database导入数据库，引用列，关系
从server.extensions导入bcrypt
类角色（代理、模型）：
__tablename_uu='角色'
name=列（db.String（80），unique=True，nullable=False）
user\u id=reference\u col（'users'，nullable=True）
用户=关系（'user'，backref='roles'）
定义初始化（self，name，**kwargs）：
db.Model.\uuuu init\uuuu（self，name=name，**kwargs）
定义报告（自我）：
“”“将实例表示为唯一字符串。”“”
返回“”。格式（name=self.name）
类用户（代理程序，模型）：
__tablename_uu='users'
email=列（db.String（80），unique=True，nullable=False）
password=Column（db.String（255），null=True）
在=列处创建（db.DateTime，nullable=False，
默认值=dt.datetime.utcnow）
active=列（db.Boolean（），默认值=False）
is_admin=Column（db.Boolean（），默认值=False）
定义初始化（自我、电子邮件、密码=无，**kwargs）：
db.Model.\uuuu init\uuuuu（self，email=email，**kwargs）
如果输入密码：
self.set_密码（password）
其他：
self.password=None
def设置_密码（自我、密码）：
self.password=bcrypt.generate_password_hash（password.decode）（）
def检查_密码（自身、值）：
返回bcrypt.check\u password\u散列（self.password，value）
定义报告（自我）：
返回“”。格式（email=self.email）
def encode_auth_令牌（自身、用户id）：
尝试：
有效载荷={
“exp”：dt.datetime.utcnow（）+dt.timedelta（天=0，秒=5），
“iat”：dt.datetime.utcnow（），
“sub”：用户\u id
}
返回jwt.encode(
有效载荷，
app.config.get（'SECRET_KEY'），
算法='HS256'
)
例外情况除外，如e：
返回e
@静力学方法
def解码认证令牌（认证令牌）：
"""
验证身份验证令牌
：param auth_令牌：
：return:integer |字符串
"""
尝试：
payload=jwt.decode（身份验证令牌，app.config.get（'SECRET\u KEY'））
is_blacklisted_token=BlacklistToken。检查_黑名单（auth_token）
如果是被列入黑名单的\u令牌：
return“令牌”被列入黑名单。请重新登录。”
其他：
返回有效载荷['sub']
除jwt.ExpiredSignatureError外：
return的签名已过期。请重新登录。”
除jwt.InvalidTokenError外：
return“无效令牌”。请重新登录。”

---

提前感谢

问题很清楚，与烧瓶本身无关

  File "/mnt/c/Users/Jacobo/Projects/alen/server/users/api.py", line 25, in register 
   'token': token.decode()
AttributeError: 'NameError' object has no attribute 'decode'

对象

标记

不是具有

解码

（我假设它应该是

字节

）；而是一个

namererror

对象

如果我们追溯到

token

的来源，它来自您的

def encode\u auth\u token（self，user\u id）：

函数–存在的问题是，任何异常都会返回，而不是正确处理（或者说，没有处理，因此它们会引发异常）：

---

我建议完全删除该异常处理，以便找到根本原因（例如，

SECRET\u KEY

必须是字节，而不是字符串，但您会发现这一点）。

我已经删除了try和except，现在错误是：

文件/mnt/c/Users/Jacobo/Projects/alen/server/Users/models.py”，第72行，在encode_auth_token app.config.get（'SECRET_KEY'）中，NameError:name'app'未定义

我不明白为什么未加载配置。这是我的run.py文件

来自flask.helpers从服务器导入get_debug_标志。app import从服务器导入create_应用。settings import DevConfig，ProdConfig=DevConfig如果get_debug_标志（）否则ProdConfig app=create_app（CONFIG）

您还没有在该模块中导入

app

。确定，但如果我从models.py中的server.app import app添加，我会出现“无法导入app”。循环依赖项？有什么帮助吗？？谢谢