WxPython:PyInstaller失败，没有名为_core的模块_

我正在使用PyInstaller将我的wxpython（3.0.2.0）应用程序转换为二进制文件。二进制文件在Ubuntu 12.04上构建和执行时工作良好。然而，如果我在Ubuntu 14.04上构建，我会得到以下错误。（即使在Ubuntu 14.04中，当我直接启动python脚本（即python my_application.py）时，应用程序也可以工作）。你知道使用PyInstaller打包应用程序时会遗漏什么吗

$ ./my_application 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 22, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/local/workspace/my_application/out00-PYZ.pyz/wx", line 45, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyi_importers.py", line 270, in load_module
    exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
  File "/local/workspace/my_application/out00-PYZ.pyz/wx._core", line 4, in <module>
**ImportError: No module named _core_**

---

基本上，问题在于PyInstaller版本-您需要使用

develope

版本。该问题已被发现，并记录在一份报告中

要安装最新版本并更正-在命令提示下键入：

$ pip install git+https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller

这将直接从github安装pyinstaller的最新版本（直到最近，pyinstaller还有一个单独的

python3

分支，但这一直是。如果需要使用python3.x，您将需要-通过在

pip install

命令中附加

@develop

来实现这一点）

上面的方法依赖于您在系统上安装了

git

，以获得pyinstaller代码（我想，对于现在的开发人员来说，这很有可能）。如果没有，你也可以

使用

apt get install git

安装git（您可能需要

sudo

这样做）

下载pyinstaller开发zip文件（）并手动安装。注：根据标准，这应支持2.7和3.x

就我个人而言，我更喜欢选项1，因为您可以避免自己从压缩的源代码树构建的所有潜在问题

测试 我在Ubuntu14.04、64位、wxpython 3.0.2.0和python 2.7.6上测试了这一点，使用wxpython网页上的简单代码。OP的问题恰好在安装pyinstaller开发版本之前重现。安装开发版本后，应用程序正确构建并作为可执行文件运行

---

将pip与git结合使用的文档

---

你的问题不清楚你在Ubuntu 12.04安装和14.04安装中使用的PyInstaller版本。您在12.04上安装的版本似乎与在14.04上安装的标准版本不存在相同的问题。

如果出于某种原因不需要PyInstaller开发版本，则需要进行一些修复

PyInstaller.loader.pyi\u导入程序的
BuiltinImporter
、
frozenporter
和
CExtensionImporter
实例附加到
sys.meta\u路径
。和
find_module
方法，按顺序调用该方法，直到导入模块时其中一个成功为止

CExtensionImporter
只选择要加载的C扩展的众多后缀中的一个，例如
wx.\u core\u386 linux gnu.so
。这就是为什么它无法加载C扩展名
wx.\u core\uu.so

错误代码

class CExtensionImporter(object):
    def __init__(self):
        # Find the platform specific suffix. On Windows it is .pyd, on Linux/Unix .so.
        for ext, mode, typ in imp.get_suffixes():
            if typ == imp.C_EXTENSION:
                self._c_ext_tuple = (ext, mode, typ)
                self._suffix = ext  # Just string like .pyd  or  .so
                break

固定

1。运行时挂钩

使用运行时挂钩可以在不更改代码的情况下修复问题。这是一个快速修复“WxPython”问题的方法。

此运行时钩子更改
CExtensionImporter
实例的一些私有属性。要使用此钩子，请将
--runtime hook=wx run hook.py
指定给
pyinstaller

wx-run-hook.py

import sys
import imp

sys.meta_path[-1]._c_ext_tuple = imp.get_suffixes()[1]
sys.meta_path[-1]._suffix = sys.meta_path[-1]._c_ext_tuple[0]

import sys
import imp

from PyInstaller.loader import pyi_os_path

class CExtensionImporter(object):
    """
    PEP-302 hook for sys.meta_path to load Python C extension modules.

    C extension modules are present on the sys.prefix as filenames:

        full.module.name.pyd
        full.module.name.so
    """
    def __init__(self):
        # TODO cache directory content for faster module lookup without file system access.
        # Find the platform specific suffix. On Windows it is .pyd, on Linux/Unix .so.
        self._c_ext_tuples = [(ext, mode, typ) for ext, mode, typ in imp.get_suffixes() if typ == imp.C_EXTENSION]

        # Create hashmap of directory content for better performance.
        files = pyi_os_path.os_listdir(sys.prefix)
        self._file_cache = set(files)

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        imp.acquire_lock()
        module_loader = None  # None means - no module found by this importer.

        # Look in the file list of sys.prefix path (alias PYTHONHOME).
        for ext, mode, typ in self._c_ext_tuples:
            if fullname + ext in self._file_cache:
                module_loader = self
                self._suffix = ext
                self._c_ext_tuple = (ext, mode, typ)
                break

        imp.release_lock()
        return module_loader

    def load_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        imp.acquire_lock()

        try:
            # PEP302 If there is an existing module object named 'fullname'
            # in sys.modules, the loader must use that existing module.
            module = sys.modules.get(fullname)

            if module is None:
                filename = pyi_os_path.os_path_join(sys.prefix, fullname + self._suffix)
                fp = open(filename, 'rb')
                module = imp.load_module(fullname, fp, filename, self._c_ext_tuple)
                # Set __file__ attribute.
                if hasattr(module, '__setattr__'):
                    module.__file__ = filename
                else:
                    # Some modules (eg: Python for .NET) have no __setattr__
                    # and dict entry have to be set.
                    module.__dict__['__file__'] = filename

        except Exception:
            # Remove 'fullname' from sys.modules if it was appended there.
            if fullname in sys.modules:
                sys.modules.pop(fullname)
            # Release the interpreter's import lock.
            imp.release_lock()
            raise  # Raise the same exception again.

        # Release the interpreter's import lock.
        imp.release_lock()

        return module

    ### Optional Extensions to the PEP302 Importer Protocol

    def is_package(self, fullname):
        """
        Return always False since C extension modules are never packages.
        """
        return False

    def get_code(self, fullname):
        """
        Return None for a C extension module.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return None
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

    def get_source(self, fullname):
        """
        Return None for a C extension module.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return None
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

    def get_data(self, path):
        """
        This returns the data as a string, or raise IOError if the "file"
        wasn't found. The data is always returned as if "binary" mode was used.

        The 'path' argument is a path that can be constructed by munging
        module.__file__ (or pkg.__path__ items)
        """
        # Since __file__ attribute works properly just try to open and read it.
        fp = open(path, 'rb')
        content = fp.read()
        fp.close()
        return content

    # TODO Do we really need to implement this method?
    def get_filename(self, fullname):
        """
        This method should return the value that __file__ would be set to
        if the named module was loaded. If the module is not found, then
        ImportError should be raised.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return pyi_os_path.os_path_join(sys.prefix, fullname + self._suffix)
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

#This may overwrite some other object
#sys.meta_path[-1] = CExtensionImporter()

#isinstance(object, CExtensionImporter)
#type(object) == CExtensioImporter
#the above two doesn't work here

#grab the index of instance of CExtensionImporter

for i, obj in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
    if obj.__class__.__name__ == CExtensionImporter.__name__:
        sys.meta_path[i] = CExtensionImporter()
        break

第二个运行时钩子完全替换了
sys.meta\u路径[-1]
中的对象。所以它在大多数情况下都应该有效。使用as
pyinstaller--runtime hook=pyinstaller-run-hook.py application.py

pyinstaller-run-hook.py

import sys
import imp

sys.meta_path[-1]._c_ext_tuple = imp.get_suffixes()[1]
sys.meta_path[-1]._suffix = sys.meta_path[-1]._c_ext_tuple[0]

import sys
import imp

from PyInstaller.loader import pyi_os_path

class CExtensionImporter(object):
    """
    PEP-302 hook for sys.meta_path to load Python C extension modules.

    C extension modules are present on the sys.prefix as filenames:

        full.module.name.pyd
        full.module.name.so
    """
    def __init__(self):
        # TODO cache directory content for faster module lookup without file system access.
        # Find the platform specific suffix. On Windows it is .pyd, on Linux/Unix .so.
        self._c_ext_tuples = [(ext, mode, typ) for ext, mode, typ in imp.get_suffixes() if typ == imp.C_EXTENSION]

        # Create hashmap of directory content for better performance.
        files = pyi_os_path.os_listdir(sys.prefix)
        self._file_cache = set(files)

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        imp.acquire_lock()
        module_loader = None  # None means - no module found by this importer.

        # Look in the file list of sys.prefix path (alias PYTHONHOME).
        for ext, mode, typ in self._c_ext_tuples:
            if fullname + ext in self._file_cache:
                module_loader = self
                self._suffix = ext
                self._c_ext_tuple = (ext, mode, typ)
                break

        imp.release_lock()
        return module_loader

    def load_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        imp.acquire_lock()

        try:
            # PEP302 If there is an existing module object named 'fullname'
            # in sys.modules, the loader must use that existing module.
            module = sys.modules.get(fullname)

            if module is None:
                filename = pyi_os_path.os_path_join(sys.prefix, fullname + self._suffix)
                fp = open(filename, 'rb')
                module = imp.load_module(fullname, fp, filename, self._c_ext_tuple)
                # Set __file__ attribute.
                if hasattr(module, '__setattr__'):
                    module.__file__ = filename
                else:
                    # Some modules (eg: Python for .NET) have no __setattr__
                    # and dict entry have to be set.
                    module.__dict__['__file__'] = filename

        except Exception:
            # Remove 'fullname' from sys.modules if it was appended there.
            if fullname in sys.modules:
                sys.modules.pop(fullname)
            # Release the interpreter's import lock.
            imp.release_lock()
            raise  # Raise the same exception again.

        # Release the interpreter's import lock.
        imp.release_lock()

        return module

    ### Optional Extensions to the PEP302 Importer Protocol

    def is_package(self, fullname):
        """
        Return always False since C extension modules are never packages.
        """
        return False

    def get_code(self, fullname):
        """
        Return None for a C extension module.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return None
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

    def get_source(self, fullname):
        """
        Return None for a C extension module.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return None
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

    def get_data(self, path):
        """
        This returns the data as a string, or raise IOError if the "file"
        wasn't found. The data is always returned as if "binary" mode was used.

        The 'path' argument is a path that can be constructed by munging
        module.__file__ (or pkg.__path__ items)
        """
        # Since __file__ attribute works properly just try to open and read it.
        fp = open(path, 'rb')
        content = fp.read()
        fp.close()
        return content

    # TODO Do we really need to implement this method?
    def get_filename(self, fullname):
        """
        This method should return the value that __file__ would be set to
        if the named module was loaded. If the module is not found, then
        ImportError should be raised.
        """
        if fullname + self._suffix in self._file_cache:
            return pyi_os_path.os_path_join(sys.prefix, fullname + self._suffix)
        else:
            # ImportError should be raised if module not found.
            raise ImportError('No module named ' + fullname)

#This may overwrite some other object
#sys.meta_path[-1] = CExtensionImporter()

#isinstance(object, CExtensionImporter)
#type(object) == CExtensioImporter
#the above two doesn't work here

#grab the index of instance of CExtensionImporter

for i, obj in enumerate(sys.meta_path):
    if obj.__class__.__name__ == CExtensionImporter.__name__:
        sys.meta_path[i] = CExtensionImporter()
        break

2。代码更改

class CExtensionImporter(object):
    def __init__(self):
        # Find the platform specific suffix. On Windows it is .pyd, on Linux/Unix .so.
        self._c_ext_tuples = [(ext, mode, typ) for ext, mode, typ in imp.get_suffixes() if typ == imp.C_EXTENSION]

        files = pyi_os_path.os_listdir(sys.prefix)
        self._file_cache = set(files)

由于
imp.get_后缀
为类型
imp.C_扩展
返回多个后缀，并且在找到模块之前无法预先知道正确的后缀，因此我将所有后缀存储在一个列表
self.\u C_ext_tuples
中。右后缀在
self.\u suffix
中设置，如果找到模块，则通过
load\u module
方法从
find\u module
方法将其与
self.\u ext\u tuple
一起使用

def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
    imp.acquire_lock()
    module_loader = None  # None means - no module found by this importer.

    # Look in the file list of sys.prefix path (alias PYTHONHOME).
    for ext, mode, typ in self._c_ext_tuples:
        if fullname + ext in self._file_cache:
            module_loader = self
            self._suffix = ext
            self._c_ext_tuple = (ext, mode, typ)
            break

    imp.release_lock()
    return module_loader

我现在无法从这里重现这个问题（不同的操作系统），但您是否尝试过使用pyinstaller的替代方案？（例如cx\u freeze）？从wx import\u core执行
时会得到什么；在Python交互式shell上打印u core.uu file uu
？@Nemo-我的答案有什么问题需要我澄清/帮助吗？@Nemo只要一个ping就可以让你知道我的答案，因为你已经发布了慷慨的赏金，我认为这对你来说可能非常重要。到Python 3.x分支的链接目前已断开。@shuttle87-这就是链接断开的原因-正如聊天中所建议的那样-现在它已合并到
develope
中，刚刚查看了这个，很好的答案详细说明了为什么会发生这种情况@j-richard-snape谢谢！