Python使用字典用格式填充字符串

假设我有模板要用dict中的值填充：

我有这样的模板：

templates = [
   "I have four {fruit} in {place}", 
   "I have four {fruit} and {grain} in {place}",
   ...
]

my_dict = {'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'], 
           'place': ['kitchen', 'living room'],
           'grain' : ['wheat', 'rice']
          }

sentence = "I have four apple in kitchen" 

{'fruit': 'apple', 'place': 'kitchen'}

有了这样的字典：

templates = [
   "I have four {fruit} in {place}", 
   "I have four {fruit} and {grain} in {place}",
   ...
]

my_dict = {'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'], 
           'place': ['kitchen', 'living room'],
           'grain' : ['wheat', 'rice']
          }

sentence = "I have four apple in kitchen" 

{'fruit': 'apple', 'place': 'kitchen'}

假设我有这样一句话：

templates = [
   "I have four {fruit} in {place}", 
   "I have four {fruit} and {grain} in {place}",
   ...
]

my_dict = {'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'], 
           'place': ['kitchen', 'living room'],
           'grain' : ['wheat', 'rice']
          }

sentence = "I have four apple in kitchen" 

{'fruit': 'apple', 'place': 'kitchen'}

给出这个句子、模板和字典， 我想知道这个句子匹配了其中一个模板和返回值，它匹配如下：

templates = [
   "I have four {fruit} in {place}", 
   "I have four {fruit} and {grain} in {place}",
   ...
]

my_dict = {'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'], 
           'place': ['kitchen', 'living room'],
           'grain' : ['wheat', 'rice']
          }

sentence = "I have four apple in kitchen" 

{'fruit': 'apple', 'place': 'kitchen'}

与上述类似，如果：

Input: "I have four apple and wheat in kitchen"
Output: {'fruit': 'apple', 'grain': 'wheat', 'place': 'kitchen'}

如果它也能处理好这件事，那就太好了：

Input: "I have four apple in bedroom" 
Output: {'fruit': 'apple'}

---

请注意，它只返回水果，而不返回卧室，因为卧室不在place的值中

将格式化字符串转换为正则表达式：

import re

words = {k: '(?P<{}>{})'.format(k, '|'.join(map(re.escape, v))) for k, v in my_dict.items()}
patterns = [re.compile(template.format(**words)) for template in templates]

这是一种非常快速的O（N）方法来精确匹配句子：

>>> import re
>>> templates = [
...    "I have four {fruit} in {place}",
...    "I have four {fruit} and {grain} in {place}",
... ]
>>> my_dict = {'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'],
...            'place': ['kitchen', 'living room'],
...            'grain' : ['wheat', 'rice']
...           }
>>> def find_matches(sentence):
...     for pattern in patterns:
...         match = pattern.match(sentence)
...         if match:
...             return match.groupdict()
...
>>> find_matches("I have four apple in kitchen")
{'fruit': 'apple', 'place': 'kitchen'}
>>> find_matches("I have four apple and wheat in kitchen")
{'fruit': 'apple', 'grain': 'wheat', 'place': 'kitchen'}

如果需要模板匹配部分句子，请将可选部分包装在

（？…）

组中：

"I have four {fruit} in (?{place})"

---

或者将

\w+

添加到单词列表（除了有效单词之外），然后在匹配后根据

my_dict

验证

groupdict（）

结果。例如，对于卧室中的

案例，
\w+
将与
卧室中的
部分匹配，但在
位置的
my_dict
列表中找不到。
您自己做了什么来尝试解决此问题？使用itertools.product获得所有组合并使用.format（**{combination}）填写，但不确定如何获取之后填写的键