Python 如何在运行pyinstaller用于Pycharm中内置的项目时包含来自venv目录的依赖项？

我不熟悉Python和PyCharm。我在OSX High Sierra上跑步

我在PyCharm中创建了一个使用lxml的项目。我已经将lxml4.1.1作为项目依赖项安装，并且可以在myProject/venv/lib/site-package/lxml下看到它的文件

我可以在PyCharm中运行我的脚本，没有问题，但是我无法构建包含lxml库的可执行文件

我从命令行使用pyinstaller 3.3.1。项目会生成，但当我运行可执行文件时，我会得到他的输出：

回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）： 文件“analyze.py”，第13行，在 ImportError:没有名为lxml的模块 [4222]无法执行脚本分析

我一直在寻找一些命令行开关，告诉pyinstaller在venv目录下包含依赖项，但运气不好

任何帮助都将不胜感激

以下是我的生成命令和输出：

pyinstaller --clean --onefile analyze.py
51 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.3.1
51 INFO: Python: 2.7.10
60 INFO: Platform: Darwin-17.4.0-x86_64-i386-64bit
60 INFO: wrote /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/analyze.spec
66 INFO: UPX is not available.
66 INFO: Removing temporary files and cleaning cache in /Users/gludwig/Library/Application Support/pyinstaller
76 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['/Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer',
 '/Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer']
76 INFO: checking Analysis
76 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
76 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
79 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
130 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
138 INFO: Caching module hooks...
141 INFO: Analyzing /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/analyze.py
2363 INFO: Loading module hooks...
2364 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-httplib.py"...
2364 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
2874 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
2874 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
2879 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
2995 INFO: Looking for eggs
2995 INFO: Using Python library /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Python
2996 INFO: Warnings written to /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/build/analyze/warnanalyze.txt
3009 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/build/analyze/xref-analyze.html
3087 INFO: checking PYZ
3087 INFO: Building PYZ because out00-PYZ.toc is non existent
3087 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/build/analyze/out00-PYZ.pyz
3331 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/build/analyze/out00-PYZ.pyz completed successfully.
3403 INFO: checking PKG
3403 INFO: Building PKG because out00-PKG.toc is non existent
3403 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg
5669 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) out00-PKG.pkg completed successfully.
5685 INFO: Bootloader /Users/gludwig/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Darwin-64bit/run
5685 INFO: checking EXE
5685 INFO: Building EXE because out00-EXE.toc is non existent
5685 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc
5686 INFO: Appending archive to EXE /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/dist/analyze
5703 INFO: Fixing EXE for code signing /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/dist/analyze
5716 INFO: Building EXE from out00-EXE.toc completed successfully.

此外，pyinstaller在生成时会生成一个警告文件，其中包含以下内容：

missing module named org - imported by copy
missing module named _sha512 - imported by hashlib
missing module named _sha256 - imported by hashlib
missing module named _md5 - imported by hashlib
missing module named _sha - imported by hashlib
missing module named 'org.python' - imported by pickle
missing module named _subprocess - imported by subprocess
missing module named msvcrt - imported by subprocess, getpass
missing module named riscosenviron - imported by os
missing module named riscospath - imported by os
missing module named riscos - imported by os
missing module named ce - imported by os
missing module named _emx_link - imported by os
missing module named os2 - imported by os
missing module named nt - imported by os, ntpath
missing module named _winreg - imported by mimetypes, urllib
missing module named OverrideFrom23 - imported by Carbon.Res
missing module named SOCKS - imported by ftplib
missing module named rourl2path - imported by urllib
missing module named lxml - imported by /Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/analyze.py

我还尝试通过以下方式为venv中的库条目提供路径：

pyi makespec--path=~/PycharmProjects/XML\u分析器\ 路径=~/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/venv/lib/python2.7/sitepackages/lxml analyze.py pyinstaller--onefile analyze.py

---

它没有帮助。

最终解决了它，将它发布在这里，供同一艘船上的其他人使用：

事实证明，当使用virtualenv并希望进行构建时，必须添加环境变量PYTHONPATH以指向virtualenv目录的site packages目录。在我的例子中，它看起来是这样的：

PYTHONPATH="/Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
export PYTHONPATH

a = Analysis(['myscript.py'],
             pathex=['.', ".\\path_to_libs", ".\\bla\\path_to_libs2"],
             hiddenimports=['pywinusb','CLogReport','otherLib'],
             ... )

为了方便起见，我将其添加到由virtualenv创建的激活文件中，以便在激活virtualenv时自动设置。我还向deactivate部分添加了一个“unset PYTHONPATH”

---

如果在virtualenv设置环境时自动执行此操作，将非常有用

乔治提供的答案让我找到了正确的方向，但我选择了另一条路；）

我使用了

--path

命令行选项（请参阅）来指示site packages目录的位置，并为我解决了这个问题。 我使用的是windows，需要一个可执行文件，所以这是命令行

path\to\pyinstaller.exe --onefile --paths path\to\venv\Lib\site-packages file.py

---

如果使用等级库文件，可以按如下方式添加：

PYTHONPATH="/Users/gludwig/PycharmProjects/XML_Analyzer/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages"
export PYTHONPATH

a = Analysis(['myscript.py'],
             pathex=['.', ".\\path_to_libs", ".\\bla\\path_to_libs2"],
             hiddenimports=['pywinusb','CLogReport','otherLib'],
             ... )

---

如果您有多个文件和/或来自不同路径，这非常有用。

当您从命令行运行pyinstaller时，是否先激活venv？是。我的命令提示符上的（venv）前缀表明：（venv）i-IT-USA 10638:XML_Analyzer gludwig$在我的例子中添加了站点包的路径，感谢它对我不起作用。分析从何而来？当你第一次在目录中运行pyinstaller时，它会弹出一个模板main.spec文件。