列表访问e[-1]可以，但e[1]不是Python中的

在Python中，我定义了

string = ("car-automobile, gem-jewel, journey-voyage, boy-lad, coast-shore, "
          "asylum-madhouse, magician-wizard, midday-noon, furnacestove, food-fruit, "
          "bird-cock, bird-crane, tool-implement, brother-monk, ladbrother, "
          "crane-implement, journey-car, monk-oracle, cemetery-woodland, foodrooster, "
          "coast-hill, forest-graveyard, shore-woodland, monk-slave, coast-forest, "
          "lad-wizard, chord-smile, glass-magician, rooster-voyage, "
          "noon-string".split(', '))
test = [i.split('-') for i in string]

以下代码会导致错误：

[e[1] for e in test]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#136>", line 1, in <module>
    [e[1] for e in test]
IndexError: list index out of range

---

为什么会这样？

您有一些值中没有

-

：

>>> [e for e in string if not '-' in e]
['furnacestove', 'ladbrother', 'foodrooster']

拆分后，将生成一个元素列表；只有

e[0]

，没有

e[1]

e[-1]

始终为您提供最后一个元素，即使只有1个

>>> [e for e in string if not '-' in e]
['furnacestove', 'ladbrother', 'foodrooster']