Python 迪林错误。它';在内置中找不到
我正在尝试dill一个存储在字典中的类对象,但由于某些原因我不能这样做Python 迪林错误。它';在内置中找不到,python,pickle,dill,Python,Pickle,Dill,我正在尝试dill一个存储在字典中的类对象,但由于某些原因我不能这样做 local_env = {} global_env = {} exec(x, global_env, local_env) dill.dumps(local_env['Human']) 为了澄清,x是一个字符串,它是一个普通/简单的类定义,“Human”是类的名称。当我运行上面的代码时,出现以下错误 ----------------------------------------------
local_env = {}
global_env = {}
exec(x, global_env, local_env)
dill.dumps(local_env['Human'])
为了澄清,x是一个字符串,它是一个普通/简单的类定义,“Human”是类的名称。当我运行上面的代码时,出现以下错误
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in _getattribute(obj, name)
267 parent = obj
--> 268 obj = getattr(obj, subpath)
269 except AttributeError:
AttributeError: module 'builtins' has no attribute 'Human'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in save_global(self, obj, name)
906 module = sys.modules[module_name]
--> 907 obj2, parent = _getattribute(module, name)
908 except (ImportError, KeyError, AttributeError):
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in _getattribute(obj, name)
270 raise AttributeError("Can't get attribute {!r} on {!r}"
--> 271 .format(name, obj))
272 return obj, parent
AttributeError: Can't get attribute 'Human' on <module 'builtins' (built-in)>
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
PicklingError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-27-6ce5592364a6> in <module>()
----> 1 dill.dumps(local_env['Human'])
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py in dumps(obj, protocol, byref, fmode, recurse)
241 """pickle an object to a string"""
242 file = StringIO()
--> 243 dump(obj, file, protocol, byref, fmode, recurse)#, strictio)
244 return file.getvalue()
245
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py in dump(obj, file, protocol, byref, fmode, recurse)
234 return
235 # end hack
--> 236 pik.dump(obj)
237 stack.clear() # clear record of 'recursion-sensitive' pickled objects
238 return
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in dump(self, obj)
406 if self.proto >= 4:
407 self.framer.start_framing()
--> 408 self.save(obj)
409 self.write(STOP)
410 self.framer.end_framing()
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in save(self, obj, save_persistent_id)
473 f = self.dispatch.get(t)
474 if f is not None:
--> 475 f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
476 return
477
/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py in save_type(pickler, obj)
1229 #print ("%s\n%s" % (type(obj), obj.__name__))
1230 #print ("%s\n%s" % (obj.__bases__, obj.__dict__))
-> 1231 StockPickler.save_global(pickler, obj)
1232 log.info("# T4")
1233 return
/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in save_global(self, obj, name)
909 raise PicklingError(
910 "Can't pickle %r: it's not found as %s.%s" %
--> 911 (obj, module_name, name))
912 else:
913 if obj2 is not obj:
PicklingError: Can't pickle <class 'Human'>: it's not found as builtins.Human
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError回溯(最近一次呼叫上次)
/usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in_getattribute(obj,name)
267父对象=obj
-->268 obj=getattr(obj,子路径)
269除属性错误外:
AttributeError:模块“内置”没有属性“人”
在处理上述异常期间,发生了另一个异常:
AttributeError回溯(最近一次呼叫上次)
/save_global中的usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py(self,obj,name)
906模块=系统模块[模块名称]
-->907 obj2,父项=_getattribute(模块,名称)
908例外(导入错误、键错误、属性错误):
/usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py in_getattribute(obj,name)
270 raise AttributeError(“无法获取{!r}上的属性{!r}”
-->271.格式(名称、obj))
272返回对象,父对象
AttributeError:无法在上获取属性“人”
在处理上述异常期间,发生了另一个异常:
PicklingError回溯(最近一次调用上次)
在()
---->1个莳萝倾倒场(本地_环境['Human'])
/转储中的usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py(obj、protocol、byref、fmode、recurse)
241“将对象pickle为字符串”
242文件=StringIO()
-->243转储(对象、文件、协议、byref、fmode、递归)#,严格限制)
244返回文件.getvalue()
245
/转储中的usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py(obj、文件、协议、byref、fmode、递归)
234返回
235#结束攻击
-->236排土场(obj)
237 stack.clear()#清除“递归敏感”pickle对象的记录
238返回
/转储中的usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py(self,obj)
406如果self.proto>=4:
407 self.framer.start_framing()
-->408自我保存(obj)
409自写(停止)
410自成帧器结束成帧()
/保存中的usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py(self、obj、save\u persistent\u id)
473 f=自调度获取(t)
474如果f不是无:
-->475F(self,obj)#用显式self调用未绑定方法
476返回
477
/保存类型(pickler,obj)中的usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/dill/dill.py
1229#打印(“%s\n%s”%(类型(obj),obj.uu名称_uu))
1230打印(“%s\n%s”%(对象、对象、对象)
->1231 StockPickler.save_global(pickler,obj)
1232日志信息(“T4”)
1233返回
/save_global中的usr/local/ceral/python3/3.5.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/pickle.py(self,obj,name)
909提升PicklingError(
910“无法腌制%r:找不到%s.%s”%
-->911(obj,模块名称,名称))
912其他:
913如果obj2不是obj:
PicklingError:不能pickle:它不是内置的。人类
我是迪尔的作者。简单的回答是它不起作用,因为迪尔不知道怎么做
>>> import dill
>>> local_env = {}
>>> global_env = {}
>>> x = "class Human(object):\n pass"
>>> exec(x, global_env, local_env)
>>> local_env
{'Human': <class 'Human'>}
>>> dill.dumps(local_env['Human'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py", line 243, in dumps
dump(obj, file, protocol, byref, fmode, recurse)#, strictio)
File "/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py", line 236, in dump
pik.dump(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 224, in dump
self.save(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 286, in save
f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
File "/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py", line 1231, in save_type
StockPickler.save_global(pickler, obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 754, in save_global
(obj, module, name))
pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle <class 'Human'>: it's not found as __builtin__.Human
>>导入莳萝
>>>本地_env={}
>>>全局_env={}
>>>x=“类人(对象):\n通过”
>>>执行官(x、全球环境、本地环境)
>>>本地环境
{'Human':}
>>>dill.dumps(本地环境[人类])
回溯(最近一次呼叫最后一次):
文件“”,第1行,在
文件“/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py”,第243行,转储
转储(对象、文件、协议、byref、fmode、递归)#、严格)
文件“/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py”,第236行,在转储文件中
排土场(obj)
文件“/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py”,第224行,在转储文件中
自我保存(obj)
文件“/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py”,保存中第286行
f(self,obj)#用显式self调用未绑定方法
文件“/Users/mmckerns/lib/python2.7/site packages/dill-0.2.5.dev0-py2.7.egg/dill/dill.py”,第1231行,保存类型
StockPickler.save_global(pickler,obj)
文件“/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py”,第754行,在save_global中
(对象、模块、名称))
pickle.PicklingError:无法pickle:找不到它作为内置的人
较长的答案是,pickle
只能序列化在文件中定义的类,而不能序列化在解释器中定义的类,或者更一般地说是在\uuuuuuu main\uuuuu
中定义的类。然而,dill
通常可以对这些类型的动态构建类进行pickle处理,因为它将\uuuuu main\uuuu
视为一个文件,并解析python的内置缓冲区以获得类定义(以及其他内容)。将类定义隐藏在字符串中,然后使用exec
生成类……嗯,这是dill
还不能处理的情况<出于同样的原因,code>dill也不能pickle在exec
中定义的函数。然而,这两种情况都是有效的
函数()已经有一个票证,因此我将在票证上添加一个指向此问题的链接
import dill
import builtins
x = """
def test(x, y):
return x + y
"""
env = {}
env['__builtins__'] = builtins
local_env = Environment()
exec(x, env, local_env)
exec("__builtins__.{0} = {0}".format('test'), env, local_env)
test = dill.loads(dill.dumps(local_env['test']))
用迈克给出的答案作为灵感,我