Python Selenium:WebDriverException:Chrome启动失败：崩溃，因为google Chrome不再运行，所以ChromeDriver假设Chrome已经崩溃

最近我换了电脑，从那以后我就不能用selenium启动chrome了。我也尝试过Firefox，但浏览器实例无法启动

from selenium import webdriver

d = webdriver.Chrome('/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver')

d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

我得到以下错误：

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.43.600233, platform=Linux 4.15.0-38-generic x86_64)

我安装了最新的chrome版本和chromedriver

编辑： 在尝试@b0sss解决方案后，我得到以下错误

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so chromedriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.43.600233 (523efee95e3d68b8719b3a1c83051aa63aa6b10d),platform=Linux 4.15.0-38-generic x86_64)

---

请尝试在此处下载并使用此最新的chrome驱动程序版本

编辑：

试试这个：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
d = webdriver.Chrome('/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver',chrome_options=chrome_options)
d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

---

请尝试在此处下载并使用此最新的chrome驱动程序版本

编辑：

试试这个：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
d = webdriver.Chrome('/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver',chrome_options=chrome_options)
d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

此错误消息

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

…表示ChromeDriver无法启动/生成新的WebBrowser，即Chrome浏览器会话

您的主要问题是Chrome浏览器未安装在系统中的默认位置

服务器即ChromeDriver希望您在每个系统的默认位置安装Chrome，如下图所示：

1对于Linux系统，ChromeDriver希望

/usr/bin/google chrome

是实际chrome二进制文件的符号链接

---

解决方案 如果在非标准位置使用Chrome可执行文件，则必须按如下方式覆盖Chrome二进制位置：

• Python解决方案：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
  
  options = Options()
  options.binary_location = "C:\\path\\to\\chrome.exe"    #chrome binary location specified here
  options.add_argument("--start-maximized") #open Browser in maximized mode
  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") #bypass OS security model
  options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") #overcome limited resource problems
  options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
  options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
  driver.get('http://google.com/')
  

  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
  ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
  opt.setBinary("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");  //chrome binary location specified here
  options.addArguments("start-maximized");
  options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
  options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
  driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
  

• Java解决方案：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
  
  options = Options()
  options.binary_location = "C:\\path\\to\\chrome.exe"    #chrome binary location specified here
  options.add_argument("--start-maximized") #open Browser in maximized mode
  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") #bypass OS security model
  options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") #overcome limited resource problems
  options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
  options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
  driver.get('http://google.com/')
  

  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
  ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
  opt.setBinary("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");  //chrome binary location specified here
  options.addArguments("start-maximized");
  options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
  options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
  driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
  

此错误消息

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

…表示ChromeDriver无法启动/生成新的WebBrowser，即Chrome浏览器会话

您的主要问题是Chrome浏览器未安装在系统中的默认位置

服务器即ChromeDriver希望您在每个系统的默认位置安装Chrome，如下图所示：

1对于Linux系统，ChromeDriver希望

/usr/bin/google chrome

是实际chrome二进制文件的符号链接

---

解决方案 如果在非标准位置使用Chrome可执行文件，则必须按如下方式覆盖Chrome二进制位置：

• Python解决方案：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
  
  options = Options()
  options.binary_location = "C:\\path\\to\\chrome.exe"    #chrome binary location specified here
  options.add_argument("--start-maximized") #open Browser in maximized mode
  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") #bypass OS security model
  options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") #overcome limited resource problems
  options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
  options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
  driver.get('http://google.com/')
  

  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
  ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
  opt.setBinary("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");  //chrome binary location specified here
  options.addArguments("start-maximized");
  options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
  options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
  driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
  

• Java解决方案：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
  
  options = Options()
  options.binary_location = "C:\\path\\to\\chrome.exe"    #chrome binary location specified here
  options.add_argument("--start-maximized") #open Browser in maximized mode
  options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") #bypass OS security model
  options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") #overcome limited resource problems
  options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
  options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
  driver.get('http://google.com/')
  

  System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
  ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
  opt.setBinary("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");  //chrome binary location specified here
  options.addArguments("start-maximized");
  options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
  options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
  WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
  driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
  

---

假设您已经下载了chromeDriver，当已经有多个chrome选项卡打开时，也会发生此错误

---

如果关闭所有选项卡并再次运行，则错误应清除

假设您已经下载了chromeDriver，当已经有多个chrome选项卡打开时，也会发生此错误

---

如果关闭所有选项卡并再次运行，则错误应清除

我在docker容器（在构建环境中）上运行时遇到了确切的问题。在ssh进入容器后，我尝试手动运行测试，但仍然遇到了问题

(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
     (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable is 
      no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

当我尝试在本地运行chrome

/usr/bin/google chrome stable

时，出现错误消息

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported

我检查了我的ChromeOptions，发现它丢失了

——没有沙盒，这就是它无法生成chrome的原因

capabilities = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(
  chromeOptions: { args: %w(headless --no-sandbox disable-gpu window-size=1920,1080) }
)

我在docker容器（在构建环境中）上运行时遇到了确切的问题。在ssh进入容器后，我尝试手动运行测试，但仍然遇到了问题

(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
     (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable is 
      no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

当我尝试在本地运行chrome
/usr/bin/google chrome stable
时，出现错误消息

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported

我检查了我的ChromeOptions，发现它丢失了
——没有沙盒，这就是它无法生成chrome的原因

capabilities = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(
  chromeOptions: { args: %w(headless --no-sandbox disable-gpu window-size=1920,1080) }
)

在我的例子中，错误发生在www数据用户身上，而不是开发中的普通用户身上。该错误是为该用户初始化x显示时出现的问题。因此，在不打开浏览器窗口的情况下运行我的selenium测试就解决了问题，headless:

opts.set_headless(True)

在我的例子中，错误发生在www数据用户身上，而不是开发中的普通用户身上。该错误是为该用户初始化x显示时出现的问题。因此，在不打开浏览器窗口的情况下运行我的selenium测试就解决了问题，headless:

opts.set_headless(True)

希望这对别人有帮助。这在Ubuntu 18.10上对我很有效

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
print('test')
driver.close()

希望这对别人有帮助。这在Ubuntu 18.10上对我很有效

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
print('test')
driver.close()

我也遇到了类似的问题，并发现选项参数必须按特定顺序排列。我只知道在我的Ubuntu18机器上运行这个程序需要两个参数。此示例代码在我这方面起作用：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')

d = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver', chrome_options=options)
d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

我也遇到了类似的问题，并发现选项参数必须按特定顺序排列。我只知道在我的Ubuntu18机器上运行这个程序需要两个参数。此示例代码在我这方面起作用：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')

d = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver', chrome_options=options)
d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

在过去六个月的测试运行期间，这个错误一直是随机发生的（Chrome 76和Chromedriver 76仍然会发生），并且仅在Linux上发生。平均每几百个测试中就有一个会失败，然后下一个测试就会正常运行

无法解决此问题，在Python中，我将
driver=webdriver.Chrome（）
包装在一个try中。除了测试用例类中的setUp（）中的block之外，我的所有测试都是从中派生出来的。如果遇到Webdriver异常，它将等待10秒钟，然后重试

它解决了我的问题；不优雅，但它的工作

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

try:
    self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
except WebDriverException as e:
    print("\nChrome crashed on launch:")
    print(e)
    print("Trying again in 10 seconds..")
    sleep(10)
    self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
    print("Success!\n")
except Exception as e:
    raise Exception(e)

在过去六个月的测试运行期间，这个错误一直是随机发生的（Chrome 76和Chromedriver 76仍然会发生），并且仅在Linux上发生。平均每几百个测试中就有一个会失败，然后下一个测试就会正常运行

无法解决此问题，在Python中，我将
driver=webdriver.Chrome（）
包装在一个try中。除了测试用例类中的setUp（）中的block之外，我的所有测试都是从中派生出来的。如果遇到Webdriver异常，它将等待10秒钟，然后重试

它解决了我的问题；不优雅，但它的工作

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException

try:
    self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
except WebDriverException as e:
    print("\nChrome crashed on launch:")
    print(e)
    print("Trying again in 10 seconds..")
    sleep(10)
    self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options, desired_capabilities=capabilities)
    print("Success!\n")
except Exception as e:
    raise Exception(e)

机器人框架

我解决了！使用
--无沙箱

${chrome_options}=  Evaluate  sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions()  sys, selenium.webdriver
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    test-type
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --disable-extensions
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --headless
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --disable-gpu
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --no-sandbox
Create Webdriver    Chrome    chrome_options=${chrome_options}

而不是

Open Browser    about:blank    headlesschrome
Open Browser    about:blank    chrome

机器人框架

我解决了！使用
--无沙箱

${chrome_options}=  Evaluate  sys.modules['selenium.webdriver'].ChromeOptions()  sys, selenium.webdriver
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    test-type
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --disable-extensions
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --headless
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --disable-gpu
Call Method    ${chrome_options}    add_argument    --no-sandbox
Create Webdriver    Chrome    chrome_options=${chrome_options}

而不是

Open Browser    about:blank    headlesschrome
Open Browser    about:blank    chrome

我也有同样的问题。我在终端上运行它