如何在python中使用ctypes获取Windows窗口名
我试图通过长对象句柄获取Windows窗口标题名和PID。我的代码可以工作,但有点问题。我只有4个窗口标题,而我应该得到10个或更多。有人能帮助我并告诉我如何修复这个代码吗?我认为问题在于如何转换长对象(我不太了解它们,以及一般的CType)如何在python中使用ctypes获取Windows窗口名,python,windows,ctypes,long-integer,psapi,Python,Windows,Ctypes,Long Integer,Psapi,我试图通过长对象句柄获取Windows窗口标题名和PID。我的代码可以工作,但有点问题。我只有4个窗口标题,而我应该得到10个或更多。有人能帮助我并告诉我如何修复这个代码吗?我认为问题在于如何转换长对象(我不太了解它们,以及一般的CType) 您正在将进程ID传递给具有窗口句柄的函数。您要做的是枚举顶级窗口的句柄,然后将每个窗口映射到进程ID 首先让我们定义ctypes函数原型,以便对函数参数进行适当的类型检查。另外,使用use\u last\u error=True通过ctypes.get\u
您正在将进程ID传递给具有窗口句柄的函数。您要做的是枚举顶级窗口的句柄,然后将每个窗口映射到进程ID 首先让我们定义ctypes函数原型,以便对函数参数进行适当的类型检查。另外,使用
use\u last\u error=True
通过ctypes.get\u last\u error
获得最安全的错误处理。许多Windows函数返回0表示错误,因此在这种情况下使用单个errcheck
函数非常方便,例如check\u zero
from __future__ import print_function
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
from collections import namedtuple
user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
def check_zero(result, func, args):
if not result:
err = ctypes.get_last_error()
if err:
raise ctypes.WinError(err)
return args
if not hasattr(wintypes, 'LPDWORD'): # PY2
wintypes.LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
WindowInfo = namedtuple('WindowInfo', 'pid title')
WNDENUMPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
wintypes.BOOL,
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam
user32.EnumWindows.errcheck = check_zero
user32.EnumWindows.argtypes = (
WNDENUMPROC, # _In_ lpEnumFunc
wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam
user32.IsWindowVisible.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.restype = wintypes.DWORD
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_opt_ lpdwProcessId
user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.errcheck = check_zero
user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd
user32.GetWindowTextW.errcheck = check_zero
user32.GetWindowTextW.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPWSTR, # _Out_ lpString
ctypes.c_int,) # _In_ nMaxCount
这里有一个列出可见窗口的函数。它使用的回调是result
上的闭包,而不是使用可选的lParam
参数。后者需要提出论点。使用闭包更简单
def list_windows():
'''Return a sorted list of visible windows.'''
result = []
@WNDENUMPROC
def enum_proc(hWnd, lParam):
if user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd):
pid = wintypes.DWORD()
tid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(
hWnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hWnd) + 1
title = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length)
user32.GetWindowTextW(hWnd, title, length)
result.append(WindowInfo(pid.value, title.value))
return True
user32.EnumWindows(enum_proc, 0)
return sorted(result)
为了完整起见,这里有一个列出所有进程ID的函数。这包括属于其他Windows会话的进程(例如会话0中的服务)
MSDN链接:
def list_windows():
'''Return a sorted list of visible windows.'''
result = []
@WNDENUMPROC
def enum_proc(hWnd, lParam):
if user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd):
pid = wintypes.DWORD()
tid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(
hWnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hWnd) + 1
title = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length)
user32.GetWindowTextW(hWnd, title, length)
result.append(WindowInfo(pid.value, title.value))
return True
user32.EnumWindows(enum_proc, 0)
return sorted(result)
psapi = ctypes.WinDLL('psapi', use_last_error=True)
psapi.EnumProcesses.errcheck = check_zero
psapi.EnumProcesses.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPDWORD, # _Out_ pProcessIds
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ cb
wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_ pBytesReturned
def list_pids():
'''Return sorted list of process IDs.'''
length = 4096
PID_SIZE = ctypes.sizeof(wintypes.DWORD)
while True:
pids = (wintypes.DWORD * length)()
cb = ctypes.sizeof(pids)
cbret = wintypes.DWORD()
psapi.EnumProcesses(pids, cb, ctypes.byref(cbret))
if cbret.value < cb:
length = cbret.value // PID_SIZE
return sorted(pids[:length])
length *= 2
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Process IDs:')
print(*list_pids(), sep='\n')
print('\nWindows:')
print(*list_windows(), sep='\n')