SIPURI变量的Python正则表达式？

我正在为SIP（会话启动协议）URI使用这个正则表达式来提取不同的内部变量

_syntax = re.compile('^(?P<scheme>[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\+\-\.]*):'  # scheme
        + '(?:(?:(?P<user>[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_\.\!\~\*\'\(\)&=\+\$,;\?\/\%]+)' # user
        + '(?::(?P<password>[^:@;\?]+))?)@)?' # password
        + '(?:(?:(?P<host>[^;\?:]*)(?::(?P<port>[\d]+))?))'  # host, port
        + '(?:;(?P<params>[^\?]*))?' # parameters
        + '(?:\?(?P<headers>.*))?$') # headers

m = URI._syntax.match(value)
    if m: 
        self.scheme, self.user, self.password, self.host, self.port, params, headers = m.groups()

输出

Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 5060
Scheme: sips, User: 123, Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 5060
Scheme: sips, User:support , Host: voip.example.com
Scheme: sip, User:22444032 , Host: voip.example.com, Port: 6000
Scheme: sip, User:thks.ashwin, Password:pass ,Host: 212.123.1.213

我试图修改主机表达式以匹配[IPv6]和IPv4表达式，但没有运气='(

---

我一直在使用来测试结果。

您的示例中没有标题和参数，因此我不知道它们是如何显示的。但是您可以使用以下代码来匹配示例字符串：

[EDIT1-添加正则表达式以匹配主机名字符串和对user:password的支持，基于新的示例URI]

[EDIT2-添加了参数和标题正则表达式，并对正则表达式的“或”部分进行了更多注释]

import re

uriList = [
        'sip:192.1.2.3',
        'sip:123@192.1.2.3',
        'sip:192.1.2.3:5060',
        'sip:123@[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
        'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
        'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]:5060',
        'sips:support@voip.example.com',
        'sip:22444032@voip.example.com:6000',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213;urlparams=test',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213?auth=basic',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213;urlparams=test?auth=basic',
        ]

mPattern = re.compile(
                        '(?P<scheme>\w+):' #Scheme
                        +'(?:(?P<user>[\w\.]+):?(?P<password>[\w\.]+)?@)?' #User:Password
                        +'\[?(?P<host>' #Begin group host
                            +'(?:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})|' #IPv4 address Host Or
                            +'(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}):){7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|' #IPv6 address Host Or
                            +'(?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]+\.)+[0-9A-Za-z]+)'#Hostname string
                        +')\]?:?' #End group host
                        +'(?P<port>\d{1,6})?' #port
                        +'(?:\;(?P<params>[^\?]*))?' # parameters
                        +'(?:\?(?P<headers>.*))?' # headers
                        )
groupNamesList = ['scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port', 'params', 'headers'] #List of group Names

for uri in uriList: #iterate through the list of uri
    mObject = mPattern.search(uri) #pattern search
    if mObject: #if you find a match
        groupStrings = [mObject.group(groupName) if mObject.group(groupName) else '' for groupName in groupNamesList] #extract your groupStrings
        print('Scheme: {0}, User: {1}, Password: {2}, Host: {3}, Port: {4}, Params: {5}, Headers: {6}'.format(*groupStrings)) #print groupStrings

---

尝试一下，看看它是否适合您

谢谢Ashwin！！这确实很有帮助，但仍需要一些修复。我将添加一些其他示例，因为SIP URI非常灵活，并且您的解决方案与某些解决方案不匹配。例如，主机可以是类似“voip.server.com”的名称并且可以在用户之后添加密码。我的意图是仅扩展主机部分以匹配IPv6。我看到您使用了一种“或”表达式，但我不确定如何使用它使我的示例生效。@user3764940:我用来查看正则表达式的流。它提供了选项的良好图形视图。您还可以遍历字符串的各个部分，查看该字符串必须与您的模式相匹配的选项。这意味着在这种情况下，用户可以在场也可以不在场。您可以可以遍历示例字符串，查看何时捕获用户以及何时跳过用户。它还提供了“或”（|）匹配模式的视图，帮助您了解更好这正是我需要的！谢谢Ashwin！！

import re

uriList = [
        'sip:192.1.2.3',
        'sip:123@192.1.2.3',
        'sip:192.1.2.3:5060',
        'sip:123@[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
        'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
        'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]:5060',
        'sips:support@voip.example.com',
        'sip:22444032@voip.example.com:6000',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213;urlparams=test',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213?auth=basic',
        'sip:support:pass@212.123.1.213;urlparams=test?auth=basic',
        ]

mPattern = re.compile(
                        '(?P<scheme>\w+):' #Scheme
                        +'(?:(?P<user>[\w\.]+):?(?P<password>[\w\.]+)?@)?' #User:Password
                        +'\[?(?P<host>' #Begin group host
                            +'(?:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})|' #IPv4 address Host Or
                            +'(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}):){7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|' #IPv6 address Host Or
                            +'(?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]+\.)+[0-9A-Za-z]+)'#Hostname string
                        +')\]?:?' #End group host
                        +'(?P<port>\d{1,6})?' #port
                        +'(?:\;(?P<params>[^\?]*))?' # parameters
                        +'(?:\?(?P<headers>.*))?' # headers
                        )
groupNamesList = ['scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port', 'params', 'headers'] #List of group Names

for uri in uriList: #iterate through the list of uri
    mObject = mPattern.search(uri) #pattern search
    if mObject: #if you find a match
        groupStrings = [mObject.group(groupName) if mObject.group(groupName) else '' for groupName in groupNamesList] #extract your groupStrings
        print('Scheme: {0}, User: {1}, Password: {2}, Host: {3}, Port: {4}, Params: {5}, Headers: {6}'.format(*groupStrings)) #print groupStrings

Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 5060, Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 5060, Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sips, User: support, Password: , Host: voip.example.com, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: 22444032, Password: , Host: voip.example.com, Port: 6000, Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: , Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: urlparams=test, Headers: 
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: , Headers: auth=basic
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: urlparams=test, Headers: auth=basic