Python Django，测试应用程序的行为

将文件/Django apps/poolApp/polls/url.py定义如下：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
    url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
]

from django.http      import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http      import HttpResponse

from .models import Question

class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = 'polls/index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        """Return the last five published questions."""
        return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/detail.html'

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/results.html'

def detail(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)   

def results(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})

def vote(request, question_id):
    p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': p,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(p.id,)))

我正在尝试测试应用程序的行为：

>>> from django.test import Client
>>> client = Client()
>>> response = client.get('/')

现在我正在从那个地址中提取一个404，但是我得到了这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/test/client.py", line 500, in get
    **extra)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/test/client.py", line 303, in get
    return self.generic('GET', path, secure=secure, **r)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/test/client.py", line 379, in generic
    return self.request(**r)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/test/client.py", line 466, in request
    six.reraise(*exc_info)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 119, in get_response
    resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 366, in resolve
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 402, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 396, in urlconf_module
    self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/home/devuser/Django-apps/poolApp/poolApp/urls.py", line 20, in <module>
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace="polls")),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/django/conf/urls/__init__.py", line 33, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/home/devuser/Django-apps/poolApp/polls/urls.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import views
  File "/home/devuser/Django-apps/poolApp/polls/views.py", line 8, in <module>
    class IndexView(generic.ListView):
NameError: name 'generic' is not defined

回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）：
文件“”，第1行，在
get中的文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/test/client.py”，第500行
**额外费用）
get中的文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/test/client.py”，第303行
返回self.generic（'GET'，path，secure=secure，**r）
文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/test/client.py”，第379行，通用格式
返回自我请求（**r）
请求中的文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/test/client.py”，第466行
六、重放（*exc_信息）
文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/core/handlers/base.py”，第119行，在get_响应中
解析程序匹配=解析程序.resolve（请求.path\u信息）
文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/core/urlresolvers.py”，第366行，解析
对于self.url_模式中的模式：
文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/core/urlresolvers.py”，第402行，url_模式
patterns=getattr（self.urlconf_模块，“urlpatterns”，self.urlconf_模块）
urlconf_模块中的文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/core/urlresolvers.py”，第396行
self.\u urlconf\u module=import\u模块（self.urlconf\u名称）
文件“/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/_init_uuu.py”，第37行，在导入模块中
__导入（名称）
文件“/home/devuser/Django apps/poolApp/poolApp/url.py”，第20行，在
url（r“^polls/”，包括（'polls.url'，namespace=“polls”），
include中第33行的文件“/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist packages/Django-1.8.3-py2.7.egg/Django/conf/urls/__init___;.py”
urlconf_模块=导入_模块（urlconf_模块）
文件“/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/_init_uuu.py”，第37行，在导入模块中
__导入（名称）
文件“/home/devuser/Django apps/poolApp/polls/url.py”，第3行，在
从…起导入视图
文件“/home/devuser/Django apps/poolApp/polls/views.py”，第8行，在
类索引视图（generic.ListView）：
NameError:未定义名称“通用”

您必须在

views.py

中导入

django.views.generic

，如下所示：

from django.views import generic