Python 矩形阵列和matshow的空白空间

我正在尝试使用python和matplotlib创建一个关于我从问卷调查中得到的一些答案的热图

矩阵应为15x30，但结果为30x30矩阵

结果:

我的代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

m = [[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9],
    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9],
    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9]]

person = []
p = 1
for column in m:
    person.append('person' + str(p))
    p += 1
x_pos = np.arange(len(person))

question = []
i = 1
for row in m:
    question.append('question' + str(i))
    i += 1
y_pos = np.arange(len(question))


Cmap =plt.get_cmap('RdYlGn' , np.max(m)-np.min(m)+1)
mat = plt.matshow(m,cmap=Cmap,vmin = np.min(m)-.5, vmax = np.max(m)+.5)
cax = plt.colorbar(mat, ticks=np.arange(np.min(m),np.max(m)+5))

plt.xticks(x_pos, question, rotation=90)
plt.yticks(y_pos, person)

plt.show()

print(person)
print(question)

如果我删除X_pos，我会得到正确的矩阵，但是没有标签。 如果我手动制作15个标签，比如

Question = ['Question 1', 'Question 2',...]

然后我只得到15个标签，但仍然是30x30矩阵

是什么导致我的代码出现此问题？我该如何解决这个问题

---

一般代码反馈也是受欢迎的

问题在于两个for循环，它们建议执行与实际不同的操作

在一个类似法拉利的循环中[自行车，公共汽车，大篷车]：你永远不会把法拉利弄出来，即使你这样称呼它

因此，在两个循环中，您都在矩阵的行上循环，即使您以不同的方式调用循环变量

解决此问题的一个好方法是将输入列表设置为numpy数组。然后可以在其形状上迭代以获得标签

所以一个解决方案可以是这样的

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

m = [[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9],
    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9],
    [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,6,5],
    [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,9,8,7,8,6,4,1,3],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7,6,2],
    [6,7,8,9,10,10,9,8,7,6,7,8,6,1,4],
    [2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,7,7,7,7,7],
    [3,2,1,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,8,8,8,8,8],
    [10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,9,9,9,9,9],
    [7,3,1,9,4,6,8,2,5,10,4,4,4,5,7],
    [1,1,2,3,5,8,5,3,2,1,1,1,1,4,7],
    [7,8,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,9,9,9,9,9]]

#make m a numpy array
m = np.array(m)
#assume there are as many persons as rows in the array (=30)
persons = list(map(lambda x: "person {}".format(x+1), range(m.shape[0])))
#assume there are as many questions as columns in the array (=15)
questions = list(map(lambda x: "question {}".format(x+1), range(m.shape[1])))

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
Cmap =plt.get_cmap('RdYlGn' , np.max(m)-np.min(m)+1)
mat = ax.matshow(m,cmap=Cmap,vmin = np.min(m)-.5, vmax = np.max(m)+.5)
cax = fig.colorbar(mat, ticks=np.arange(np.min(m),np.max(m)+5))

plt.xticks(range(len(questions)), questions, rotation=90)
plt.yticks(range(len(persons)), persons)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

---

您的解释非常简洁明了，谢谢！