Ruby on rails Rails单元测试-未定义方法'；用户'；

我一直在试图找出如何测试，但似乎没有什么能解决我的问题。每次尝试运行任何测试时，都会出现以下错误：

NoMethodError: undefined method `users' for #<#<Class:0x00560775e00768>:0x00560775e00470>

我也创建了一个空的测试数据库，当我尝试在数据库中添加fixture时，我得到了相同的错误

感谢您的关注：）

编辑： 跟踪fixture命令（

rake db:fixtures:load RAILS\u ENV=test--Trace

）：

[DEPRECATION]`last_comment`已被弃用。请改用“最后描述”。
**调用db:fixtures:load（第一次）
**调用环境（第一次）
**执行环境
**调用数据库：加载配置（第一次）
**执行db:load\u config
**执行db:fixtures:load
雷克流产了！
NoMethodError：未定义的方法“users”#
（雇员再培训局）：4：在“get_binding”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/erb.rb:863:in'eval'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/erb.rb:863:in'result'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixture\u set/file.rb:42:在“渲染”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixture\u set/file.rb:33:在“行”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixture\u set/file.rb:24:在'each'中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:760:read_fixture_文件中的“块（2级）”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixture\u set/file.rb:15:在“打开”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixtures.rb:759:在“读取夹具文件中的块”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:758:in'each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixtures.rb:758:在“每个对象”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixtures.rb:758:在“read\u fixture\u files”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:590:在“初始化”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:514:in'new'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:514:在“创建_fixtures中的块（2个级别）”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:511:在“地图”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixtures.rb:511:在“创建固定装置中的块”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/connection\u adapters/abstract\u mysql\u adapter.rb:288:在“禁用引用完整性”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active\u record/fixtures.rb:508:在“创建\u fixtures”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:206:in“block（3层）in”
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in'call'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:在“执行中的块”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in'each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:在“执行”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:187:在“调用中的块与调用链”
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in'mon_synchronize'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:180:在“调用链调用”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:173:在“调用”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:152:在“调用任务”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:在“顶层的块（2层）”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in“each”
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:在“顶层块”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:117:在“使用线程运行”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:102:在“顶级”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:80:在“运行中的块”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:178:在“标准异常处理”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:77:在“运行”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/exe/rake:27:in`'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/bin/rake:23:在“加载”中
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/bin/rake:23:in`'
任务：TOP=>db:fixture:load

我的用户装置的一部分（它们都具有相同的结构）：

1：
电邮：ioana1@ioana.com
姓名：Ioana1
密码：MyString
核实：1
令牌：MyString
记住你的令牌：MyString
计划编号：
订阅编号：1
认购\下一张\账单\日期：
电子邮件地址：1
由用户提交的用户id：
订阅状态：已删除
三:
电邮：ioana3@ioana.com
姓名：Ioana3
密码：MyString
核实：1
令牌：MyString
记住你的令牌：MyString
计划编号：
订阅编号：1
认购\下一次\账单\日期
require File.expand_path("../../test_helper", __FILE__)

class PlanTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  test "the truth" do
    assert true
  end
end

[DEPRECATION] `last_comment` is deprecated.  Please use `last_description` instead.
** Invoke db:fixtures:load (first_time)
** Invoke environment (first_time)
** Execute environment
** Invoke db:load_config (first_time)
** Execute db:load_config
** Execute db:fixtures:load
rake aborted!
NoMethodError: undefined method `users' for #<#<Class:0x005555661d3920>:0x005555661d3830>
(erb):4:in `get_binding'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/erb.rb:863:in `eval'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/erb.rb:863:in `result'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:42:in `render'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:33:in `rows'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:24:in `each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:760:in `block (2 levels) in read_fixture_files'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixture_set/file.rb:15:in `open'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:759:in `block in read_fixture_files'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:758:in `each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:758:in `each_with_object'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:758:in `read_fixture_files'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:590:in `initialize'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:514:in `new'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:514:in `block (2 levels) in create_fixtures'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:511:in `map'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:511:in `block in create_fixtures'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:288:in `disable_referential_integrity'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/fixtures.rb:508:in `create_fixtures'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:206:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `call'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:248:in `block in execute'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:243:in `execute'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/task.rb:173:in `invoke'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:152:in `invoke_task'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `each'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block in top_level'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:117:in `run_with_threads'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:102:in `top_level'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:80:in `block in run'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-11.2.2/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/home/ioana/.rbenv/versions/2.2.3/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:fixtures:load

one:
  email: ioana1@ioana.com
  name: Ioana1
  password: MyString
  verified: 1
  token: MyString
  remember_token: MyString
  plan_id: <%= plan(:p0).id %>
  subscription_id: 1
  subscription_next_bill_date:
  email_hash: 1
  referred_by_user_id: <%= users(:two).id %>
  subscription_status: deleted

three:
  email: ioana3@ioana.com
  name: Ioana3
  password: MyString
  verified: 1
  token: MyString
  remember_token: MyString
  plan_id: <%= plan(:p1).id %>
  subscription_id: 1
  subscription_next_bill_date: 2016-08-04
  subscription_update_url: MyString
  subscription_cancel_url: MyString
  email_hash: 1
  subscription_registration_date: 2016-07-04
  subscription_status: active

RAILS_ENV=test rake db:migrate

 class User < ActiveRecord::Base
 end

one:
      email: ioana1@ioana.com
      name: Ioana1
      password: MyString
      verified: 1
      token: MyString
      remember_token: MyString
      plan: p0
      subscription_id: 1
      subscription_next_bill_date:
      email_hash: 1
      referred_by_user: two (or the way you named the self reference)
      subscription_status: deleted