Ruby 为什么在Mac OS上安装Nokogiri失败，而libiconv丢失？

我一直在尝试在Mac OS 10.9.3上安装Nokogiri，不管我怎么做，最终安装失败，并显示以下错误消息：

$ sudo gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.28 --with-iconv-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/include --with-iconv-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/lib
Building native extensions with: '--with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.28 --with-iconv-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/include --with-iconv-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/lib'
This could take a while...
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
ERROR:  Error installing nokogiri:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby extconf.rb --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.1/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.28 --with-iconv-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/include --with-iconv-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14/lib
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for iconv.h... yes
checking for iconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... no
checking for libiconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for libiconv_open() in -liconv... no
-----
libiconv is missing.  please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.0/usr/bin/ruby
    --help
    --clean
    --use-system-libraries
    --enable-static
    --disable-static
    --with-zlib-dir
    --without-zlib-dir
    --with-zlib-include
    --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include
    --with-zlib-lib
    --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib
    --enable-cross-build
    --disable-cross-build


Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1/ext/nokogiri/gem_make.out

在网上找到了大量帮助，包括使用brew构建和安装libxml2和libxslt，以及从源代码中构建libiconv（如“”中所述）之后，错误仍然存在

在尝试运行Nokogiri的安装时，libxml2和libxslt似乎还可以，但libiconv却不行

xcode-select --install

---

任何对这些东西有更好了解的人都知道如何安装Nokogiri？

查看gem构建目录中的mkmf.log文件（例如/Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/Gems/Nokogiri-1.4.4/ext/Nokogiri/mkmf.log）。那有更多的信息。在我的例子中，当我点击这个按钮时，是Nokogiri专门将/opt/local/lib添加到库搜索路径中，GNU Backgammon在那里安装了一个不兼容的libiconv。

查看mkmf文件，可能是Nokogiri（或gem，我不知道）试图在/op/local/中查找依赖项。对我来说，这不是寻找他们的正确途径

强迫nokogiri在正确的位置找到LIB（我使用自制）对我来说是个好办法：

$ gem install nokogiri -- --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26 --with-xml2-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/

也许在nokogiri有一些事情需要解决

---

嗯，我也有同样的问题。不幸的是，“”没有涵盖Iconv问题。下面是我如何解决这个问题的

首先安装，它将使您的生活更轻松。如果您已经安装了它，请务必通过如下方式更新以获取最新的公式：

brew update

注意：在OSX 10.9+中，您可能需要安装xCode命令工具，以便安装libiconv

xcode-select --install

然后安装更新版本的libiconv

brew install libiconv

然后安装你的gem

gem install nokogiri -- --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14

---

假设您使用MacPorts安装了libxml2和libxslt，那么由于调用have_func（'iconv_open'，'iconv.h'）所使用的包含路径和链接路径的顺序不匹配，您可能仍然会遇到此错误

---

简单（补丁）解决方案：删除/usr/local/lib中的libiconv.*

在遵循指南之后，我仍然有这个问题。我就是这样解决的：

首先，我使用自制软件安装了iconv： brew安装iconv

然后我卸载了ruby，幸运的是使用rvm很容易：

rvm uninstall 1.9.2        

然后，我必须使用以下选项重新安装ruby：

CC=gcc-4.2 rvm install 1.9.2-p290 --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1

然后，我使用新的ruby版本创建了一个gemset：

rvm use 1.9.2@coolproject

然后我终于可以像这样安装nokogiri：

gem install nokogiri -v=1.4.4 -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26

Installing nokogiri (1.6.2.1) Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.

Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/bin/ruby extconf.rb
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for iconv.h... yes
checking for iconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... no
checking for libiconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for libiconv_open() in -liconv... no
-----
libiconv is missing.  please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for          help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***

---

我尝试了很多东西，但都不管用。后来我终于找到了答案，它救了我一天

我终于解决了这个问题。以上的解决方案都不能完全解决我的问题

我在OSX Lion 10.7.2上尝试

gem安装nokogiri

时遇到了这个错误。首先，这个错误通过说libiconv丢失来掩盖真正的问题，因为即使nokogiri找不到libxslt或libxml2，您也会得到同样的错误，在我的例子中，它找不到

因此，我按照上的说明，在自制部分（稍作修改以说明libxml2的最新版本）：

在这一点上，我按照nokogiri网站上的指示进行了尝试

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26

但是，这仍然失败，因为在从源代码构建libxslt时，它会将

/include

文件夹安装在一个时髦的地方。因此，您需要分别指定

lib

和

include

文件夹，如下所示：

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xslt-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/lib --with-xslt-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/include/libxslt

这仍然不起作用（相同的libiconv错误），因此我尝试指定所有三个必需的库（libxslt、libxml2和libiconv）：

现在我犯了一个不同的错误！这仍然是一个错误，但至少是不同的。生成过程失败，原因是：

in /opt/local/lib/libz.1.dylib, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64) for architecture x86_64

嗯，什么？在谷歌搜索了很多次之后，我发现了这篇神奇的帖子：

显然OSX Lion附带了一些不好的libz库版本（

libz.dylib、libz.1.dylib、libz.1.2.4.dylib

），需要用Xcode SDK的最新版本替换它们。这篇文章对它的解释比我能读到的要好，因此我可以阅读上面的链接以获得具体的说明

一旦更换了，我就跑了

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xslt-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/lib --with-xslt-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26/include/libxslt --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14 --with-xml2-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8

一切都很好。我希望这对其他人有帮助

$ gem install nokogiri -- --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26 --with-xml2-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/

如上所述，这是用于自制和使用gem安装的解决方案（应用更改取决于您的版本）

但是，如果使用Gemfile和bundle安装，则应在安装之前应用bundle配置，下面是代码

$ bundle config build.nokogiri --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26 --with-xml2-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.7.8/ --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.14

同样，应用更改取决于您的版本

希望这对你有帮助

---

信用证：

libiconv已从Homebrew 0.9中删除，现在建议从源代码处编译libiconv，然后在安装nokogiri gem时参考安装。在我的例子中（与scotchi一样），由于/opt/local/lib中的iconv库不兼容，构建失败，请参阅“自制0.9”一节中的Nokogiri安装说明。 默认情况下，Nokogiri构建过程首先查看/opt/local。 要强制它使用不同的安装目录，例如/usr/local，请执行以下操作：

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/lib --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/include/libxml2 --with-xslt-lib=/usr/local/lib --with-xslt-include=/usr/local/include

---

我在《山狮》上也遇到过类似的麻烦。原来我以前已经通过rvm包安装了libiconv，ruby 1.9.3/Mountain Lion/nokogiri不再需要它

---

按照的建议，我删除了$rvm_path/usr目录并重建了ruby 1.9.3。此后，安装nokogiri是一个简单的gem安装。请勿干扰brew/macports/手动源代码安装

您需要将自制软件升级到0.9

然后按照以下步骤操作

brew install libxml2 libxslt
brew link libxml2 libxslt
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1
make
sudo make install

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.2

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.0/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.9.0/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.28 --with-iconv-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1/include --with-iconv-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1/lib

您应该仔细检查文件夹库版本

这建议手动安装libiconv

随后，nokogiri可以安装一些开关，告诉它在哪里可以找到libiconv（参见博客文章）

附带说明：在安装nokogiri之后，我成功地安装了gollum（由于找不到iconv，安装也失败了）。但现在我仍然面临问题，因为当我启动gollum时，Python c

$ gem install iconv # works but it is missing an iconv.so file in ruby 2.0.0-p247

$ ls -1 2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/*/*/*.so
2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/ext/iconv/iconv.so*
2.0.0-p0/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/lib/iconv/iconv.so*

$ ls -1 2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/*/*/*.so
2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/ext/iconv/iconv.so*

$ rbenv version
2.0.0-p247 (set by /home/XXX/tmp/.ruby-version)
$ rbenv which gem
/home/XXX/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p247/bin/gem
$ gem --version
1.8.25

$ rbenv which pry
/home/XXX/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p247/bin/pry
$ pry
[1] pry(main)> require 'iconv'
LoadError: cannot load such file -- iconv/iconv.so
from /home/XXX/.rbenv/versions/2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.0.0/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'

$ pushd ~/.rbenv/versions/
$ cp 2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/ext/iconv/iconv.so 2.0.0-p247/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems/iconv-1.0.3/lib/iconv/

$ pry
[1] pry(main)> require 'iconv'
=> true

gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries

bundle config build.nokogiri --use-system-libraries

...
CXX=/usr/local/opt/apple-gcc42/bin/g++-4.2
...
CC=/usr/local/opt/apple-gcc42/bin/gcc-4.2
...

brew update

brew install libxml2 libxslt

brew link libxml2 libxslt

brew link --force libxml2 libxslt

xcode-select --install

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1
make
sudo make install

gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.8.0/include/libxml2 --with-xml2-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libxml2/2.8.0/lib --with-xslt-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/libxslt/1.1.26 --with-iconv-include=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1/include --with-iconv-lib=/usr/local/Cellar/libiconv/1.13.1/lib

xcode-select --install

gem install nokogiri

xcode-select --install

brew unlink libiconv
gem install nokogiri

sudo port uninstall libiconv

gem install nokogiri -- --with-iconv-dir=/opt/local

Installing nokogiri (1.6.2.1) Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.

Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.0.0-p0/bin/ruby extconf.rb
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
checking for iconv.h... yes
checking for iconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for iconv_open() in -liconv... no
checking for libiconv_open() in iconv.h... no
checking for libiconv_open() in -liconv... no
-----
libiconv is missing.  please visit http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html for          help with installing dependencies.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***

brew unlink gcc-4.2      # you might not need this step
gem uninstall nokogiri
xcode-select --install
gem install nokogiri

xcode-select --install
brew uninstall libiconv
brew install libiconv
gem install nokogiri

╰─% cat .bundle/config           
---
BUNDLE_PATH: vendor/bundle
BUNDLE_DISABLE_SHARED_GEMS: '1'
BUNDLE_JOBS: 4

╰─% which ruby bundle gem
~/.rbenv/shims/ruby
~/.rbenv/shims/bundle
~/.rbenv/shims/gem

sudo env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries

brew uninstall libiconv
brew uninstall libxml2
brew uninstall libxslt

brew install coreutils
gem install nokogiri