“我如何停止?”;锁不可用于<;数据集>&引用;SAS中的错误?
在运行SAS程序时,我始终会出现“锁定不可用”错误。如果我在一个程序中多次对同一数据集执行操作,通常会发生这种情况。在研究了这个错误之后,我的理解是这意味着两个程序试图访问同一个数据集。换句话说,这类似于试图打开别人或你自己已经在使用的文档。下面是给出此错误的代码示例:“我如何停止?”;锁不可用于<;数据集>&引用;SAS中的错误?,sas,Sas,在运行SAS程序时,我始终会出现“锁定不可用”错误。如果我在一个程序中多次对同一数据集执行操作,通常会发生这种情况。在研究了这个错误之后,我的理解是这意味着两个程序试图访问同一个数据集。换句话说,这类似于试图打开别人或你自己已经在使用的文档。下面是给出此错误的代码示例: data TSTONE.map; infile <PATH> delimiter = ',' truncover firstobs=2 dsd TERMSTR=cr LRECL=32760; for
data TSTONE.map;
infile <PATH> delimiter = ',' truncover firstobs=2 dsd TERMSTR=cr LRECL=32760;
format assessment_edition $45.;
format ...
input
assessment_edition :$45.
...
;
run;
data tstone.map;
set tstone.map;
drop DistrictName ...;
run;
data TSTONE.map;
填充分隔符=','truncover firstobs=2 dsd TERMSTR=cr LRECL=32760;
格式评估版45美元。;
格式。。。
输入
评估版:45美元。
...
;
跑
数据tstone.map;
设置tstone.map;
删除地区名称。。。;
跑
我在一些地方输入了“…”,在那里我有很长的字段列表要导入或删除。因此,首先我导入了一个CSV文件,然后执行一个数据步骤来覆盖文件,删除一些我不需要的字段。我应该注意,有时当我运行这样的程序时,我不会得到任何锁错误。没有其他用户访问这些数据集,它们是我机器的本地用户。此外,如果我突出显示并按顺序运行这两个数据步骤,则不会出现任何问题。首先,锁定错误可能只是时间问题。服务器可能尚未从早期导入解锁文件。解决方法是不重用数据集名称;如果需要执行一些临时工作,则将文件导入临时(
work.
)数据集,然后将该数据集设置为tstone.
数据集。我发现锁错误更可能发生在服务器上(特别是使用NAS),因为那里可能有更多的延迟;在本地磁盘上,文件锁定延迟通常很短,以至于不会发生(但并非不可能)
第二,删除(如保留和重命名)可以在数据集选项中完成,几乎可以在OUT=或set或任何类似的地方进行。例如,你可以
proc import file=<whatever> out=tstone.map(drop=... list of drops...);
run;
proc import file=out=tstone.map(drop=…drop列表…);
跑
没有理由强迫SAS重新处理整个数据集,只是为了删除一些变量。编辑2015年8月10日:此答案中的宏已于2015年8月10日更新。通常更好的调试信息,添加了选项,可以很好地终止SAS,无论是以批处理模式还是交互模式运行 2014年8月12日编辑:此答案中的宏已于2014年8月12日更新。如果您有之前的版本,那么如果您的libname包含数百或数千个数据集,您会注意到锁定时间很慢。下面的更新版本已修复此问题 回答:我们的数据集每隔这么多分钟更新一次,同时我们需要临时报告和计划报告来访问这些数据集。为了克服锁定问题,我们创建了宏来锁定和解锁表,然后再使用它们。它已经运行了将近一年,没有任何错误报告(我们已经解决了所有遇到的bug) 用法: 会话A中的程序:
%lock(iDs=sashelp.class);
** READ TABLE;
%unlock(iDs=sashelp.class);
会话B中的程序:
%lock(iDs=sashelp.class);
** UPDATE TABLE;
%unlock(iDs=sashelp.class);
它是如何工作的。。。。假设会话B首先启动。它将在执行更新之前锁定数据集。会话A希望使用相同的表(而B仍在更新)它。在会话A尝试对其执行任何操作之前,它将检查它是否已锁定。如果被锁定,会话A将等待一段时间(默认值为5分钟),然后决定放弃。如果会话B在5分钟内完成,它将释放锁,会话A将锁定并继续。会话A将在完成后解锁它。您还可以根据需要传入一系列其他选项,以自定义在无法获得锁时如何处理
%lock
宏:
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.LOCK.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: LOCKS A SAS TABLE SO THAT YOU CAN DO WHAT IT IS YOU NEED TO DO.
**
** PARAMETERS: iDS : THE TABLE TO TRY AND LOCK.
** iTIMEOUT: THE MAXIMUM # OF SECONDS TO WAIT TRYING TO GET THE LOCK.
** iRETRY : HOW OFTEN TO RETRY GETTING THE LOCK (IN SECONDS)
** iVERBOSE: WHETHER TO PRINT OUT DEBUGGING INFO
** iEndQuietlyOnTimeout: EXIT SAS IF THE LOCK FAILS
** iIgnoreError: IGNORE ERRORS IF DATASET DOESNT EXIST AND CANT BE LOCKED
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 2.0 ON: 13-NOV-14 BY: RP
** CHANGED METHOD OF CHECKING WHETHER FILE EXISTS TO USE THE FILEEXIST
** FUNCTION. MUCH BETTERER.
** 2.1 ON: 14-SEP-15 BY: MS
** ADDED OPTIONAL FLAG TO IGNORE ERRORS WHILE ATTEMPTING A LOCK. MUCH BETTERERER.
** 2.2 ON: 25-SEP-15 BY: RP
** HANDLED FAILS BETTERERER. MADE WORDS IN LOG MORE BETTERERER TOO.
******************************************************************************/
%macro lock(iDs=, iTimeOut=600, iRetry=3, iVerbose=1, iEndSasQuietlyOnTimeout=0, iIgnoreError=0);
%global lock_lock_failed ;
%local starttime lib mbr physical_filename;
%let starttime = %sysfunc(datetime());
%let lock_lock_failed = 1;
/*
** MAKE SURE THE REQUIRED DS IS NOT A VIEW.
** TODO. CHANGE THIS TO ACCEPT 1 WORD DATA SET REFERENCES
*/
%let lib = %sysfunc(pathname(%sysfunc(scan(&iDs,1))));
%let mbr = %sysfunc(scan(&iDs,2));
%let physical_filename = &lib\&mbr..sas7bdat;
%if not %sysfunc(fileexist(&physical_filename)) %then %do;
%if not &iIgnoreError %then %do;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET YOU TRIED TO LOCK DOES NOT EXIST (OR YOU TRIED TO LOCK A VIEW WHICH IS NOT POSSIBLE). ;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET NAME WAS &iDs . EXITING SAS.;
%stop_sas;
%end;
%else %do;
%put NOTE: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) THE DATASET YOU TRIED TO LOCK DOES NOT EXIST (OR YOU TRIED TO LOCK A VIEW WHICH IS NOT POSSIBLE). ;
%put NOTE: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) CONTINUUING DESPITE FAILURE TO LOCK AS iIgnoreError=&iIgnoreError ;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%do %until(&lock_lock_failed eq 0 or %sysevalf(%sysfunc(datetime()) gt (&starttime + &iTimeOut)));
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put trying open ...;
%end;
data _null_;
dsid = 0;
do until (dsid gt 0 or datetime() gt (&starttime + &iTimeOut));
dsid = open("&iDs");
if (dsid eq 0) then do;
rc = sleep(&iRetry);
end;
end;
if (dsid gt 0) then do;
rc = close(dsid);
end;
run;
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put trying lock ...;
%end;
lock &iDs;
%if &syslckrc eq 0 %then %do;
%let lock_lock_failed = 0;
%end;
%else %do;
/*
** THIS WILL ONLY HAPPEN WHEN THE DATASET IS BEING VIEWED IN AN INTERACTIVE SESSION.
** THE OPEN FUNCTION WILL SAY ITS ABLE TO OPEN THE DATASET BUT THEN THE LOCK FUNCTION
** WILL FAIL. WHEN THIS HAPPENS SLEEP HERE AS WELL SO THAT WE DONT GET THOUSANDS OF LOCK
** ATTEMPTS IN THE LOG FILE.
*/
%let rc = %sysfunc(sleep(%eval(&iRetry * 5)));
%end;
%if &iVerbose %then %do;
%put syslckrc=&syslckrc;
%end;
%end;
%if &lock_lock_failed %then %do;
%if &iEndSasQuietlyOnTimeout %then %do;
%stop_sas;
%end;
%put &err: (MACRO.LOCK.SAS) COULD NOT LOCK DATASET BEFORE TIMEOUT (&iTimeOut) OCCURRED.;
%end;
%end;
%mend;
解锁宏:
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.UNLOCK.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: UNLOCKS A SAS TABLE LOCKED WITH MACROS.LOCK.SAS.
**
** PARAMETERS: iDS : THE TABLE TO TRY AND UNLOCK.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 07-OCT-11 BY: RP
** CREATED.
******************************************************************************/
%macro unlock(iDs=);
/*
** ONLY UNLOCK IF THE LOCK WAS SUCCESSFUL
*/
%if %symexist(lock_lock_failed) %then %do;
%if &lock_lock_failed eq 0 %then %do;
lock &iDs clear;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ATTEMPT TO UNLOCK WAS IGNORED AS ATTEMPT TO LOCK FAILED.;
%end;
%end;
%else %do;
%put ATTEMPT TO UNLOCK WAS IGNORED AS NO ATTEMPT TO LOCK WAS MADE.;
%end;
%mend;
这些程序还需要存在一些其他实用程序宏
IsDir宏:
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: CMN_MAC.ISDIR.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: DETERMINES IF THE SPECIFIED PATH EXISTS OR NOT.
** RETURNS: 0 IF THE PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR COULD NOT BE OPENED.
** 1 IF THE PATH EXISTS AND CAN BE OPENED.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
** THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
** &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 13-JUL-07 BY: RP
** CREATED.
** 1.1 ON: 29-APR-10 BY: RP
** ADDED CLEANUP CODE SO FILES WOULD NOT REMAIN LOCKED.
** 1.2 ON: 15-APR-14 BY: JG
** ADDED MORE DEBUGGING INFO.
** 1.3 ON: 12-DEC-14 BY: RP
** CLEANED UP DEBUGGING INFO TO A SINGLE LINE
******************************************************************************/
%macro isDir(iPath=,iQuiet=1);
%local result dname did rc;
%let result = 0;
%let check_file_assign = %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath));
%put ASSIGNED FILEREF (0=yes, 1=no)? &check_file_assign &iPath;
%if not &check_file_assign %then %do;
%let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
%if &did %then %do;
%let result = 1;
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put &err: (ISDIR MACRO).;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%let rc = %sysfunc(dclose(&did));
%end;
%else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
%put &err: (ISDIR MACRO).;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
&result
%mend;
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir\commonn\macros);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe, iQuiet=0);*/
/*%put %isDir(iPath=c:\temp);*/
文件列表宏:
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.FILE_LIST.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: RETURNS THE LIST OF FILES IN A DIRECTORY SEPERATED BY THE
** SPECIFIED DELIMITER. RETURNS AN EMPTY STRING IF THE THE
** DIRECTORY CAN'T BE READ OR DOES NOT EXIST.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE. NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
** THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
** &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS. WORKS WITH BOTH UNIX AND WINDOWS.
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 17-JUL-07 BY: RP
** CREATED.
** 1.1 ON: 29-APR-10 BY: RP
** ADDED CLEANUP CODE SO FILES WOULD NOT REMAIN LOCKED.
** FIXED ERROR OCCURRING WHEN IPATH DID NOT EXIST.
** 1.2 ON: 18-AUG-10 BY: RP
** CATERED FOR MACRO CHARS IN FILENAMES
** 1.3 ON: 14-APR-14 BY: RP&JG
** ADDED MORE DEBUGGING INFO TO CHECK PATH
** 1.4 ON: 13-NOV-14 BY: RP
** CHANGED PROGRAM FLOW TO MAKE IT BOTH EASIER TO READ AND TO
** REDUCE UNNECESSARY CHECKS / IMPROVE PERFORMANCE.
******************************************************************************/
/*
** TODO. THERES ABOUT 100 WAYS THIS COULD BE IMPROVED. DO IT SOMETIME.
** SIMPLY IF STATEMENTS FOR FILTERS.
*/
%macro file_list(iPath=, iFilter=, iFiles_only=0, iDelimiter=|);
%local result did dname cnt num_members filename rc check_dir_exist check_file_assign;
%let result=;
%let check_dir_exist = %isDir(iPath=&iPath);
%let check_file_assign = %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath));
%put The desired path: &iPath;
%if &check_dir_exist and not &check_file_assign %then %do;
%let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
%let num_members = %sysfunc(dnum(&did));
%do cnt=1 %to &num_members;
%let filename = %qsysfunc(dread(&did,&cnt));
%if "&filename" ne "" %then %do;
%if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
%if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) eq 0 %then %do;
%goto next;
%end;
%end;
%if &iFiles_only %then %do;
%if %isDir(iPath=%nrbquote(&iPath/&filename)) %then %do;
%goto next;
%end;
%end;
%let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
%next:
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) FILE CANNOT BE READ.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%end;
%end;
%let rc = %sysfunc(dclose(&did));
%end;
%else %do;
%put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR CANNOT BE OPENED.;
%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
%put DIRECTORY EXISTS (1-yes, 0-no)? &check_dir_exist;
%put ASSIGN FILEREF SUCCESSFUL (0-yes, 1-no)? &check_file_assign;
%end;
/*
** RETURN THE RESULT. TRIM THE LEADING DELIMITER OFF THE FRONT OF THE RESULTS.
*/
%if "&result" ne "" %then %do;
%qsubstr(%nrbquote(&result),2)
%end;
%mend;
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\blah\);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\SASDev);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\SASDev\,iFiles_only=1);*/
/*%put %file_list(iPath=e:\sasdev\,iFiles_only=1,iFilter=auto);*/
停止sas宏:
/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM: MACRO.STOP_SAS.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: SIMPLE MACRO TO UNCONDITIONALLY END THE CURRENTLY RUNNING SAS CODE
**
** PARAMETERS: NONEE
**
*******************************************************************************
** VERSION:
** 1.0 ON: 25-SEP-15 BY: RP
** CREATED
** 1.1 ON: 05-OCT-15 BY: RP
** FIXED TYPO TO AVOID WARNING MESSAGE
******************************************************************************/
%macro stop_sas;
%if "&sysenv" eq "FORE" %then %do;
%abort cancel;
%end;
%else %do;
endsas;
%end;
%mend;
在%do循环中运行proc append时,我遇到了相同的问题,如下所示:
%do i=1996 %to 2013;
proc append base=inscat.pc_all data = pc&i. force;
run; quit;
%end;
这是在我的本地机器上,因此没有其他人试图访问数据集。发生的事情是,循环运行得如此之快,以至于基本文件在开始写入循环的下一部分之前没有关闭。在做了大量工作并尝试了许多复杂的解决方案之后,事实证明,您可以延长SAS在声明失败的锁之前等待的时间。您可以在创建库时执行以下操作:
libname inscat 'C:\Users\...\insurercat\data' filelockwait=5;
这只会将等待时间延长到5秒,然后SAS就会确定这是一个锁定错误(我相信默认值为0)。这个简单的选项修复了我遇到的所有锁问题。其他观察:我通常运行Enterprise Guide程序,因为我更喜欢UI,即使我仍然从头开始编写代码。当我通过基本SAS运行这段代码时,它不会出错,这可能是EG特定的。不,它不是EG特定的。我可以确认,当从基本SAS运行时,也会出现错误。是的,我怀疑是时间问题。如果我在数据步骤之间运行此命令:%let slp=%sysfunc(sleep(1));它可以工作,但是它会不断延长运行程序所需的时间,这使得这个解决方案非常糟糕。数据集重命名解决方案似乎是最好的选择,但我不喜欢它使代码看起来多么混乱。当同事们不得不运行我的代码时,我会感到困惑。关于代码,这只是一个示例。我的意思是,无论在这两个连续的数据集中发生了什么,这种情况都会发生。我确实考虑过这一点,并认为人们搜索这个消息可能会遇到这个问题,这对他们可能有用。也许这不是最好的方法,但至少在某个地方有记录。很高兴它帮助了某人。我还应该提到,这样做的正确方法是许可SAS/SHARE模块。但对于那些预算运营的公司,上述wi