Spring Boot@Transactional在@Service类（而不是控制器）上不工作_Spring_Transactions_Spring Boot

Spring Boot@Transactional在@Service类（而不是控制器）上不工作

spring transactions spring-boot

Spring Boot@Transactional在@Service类（而不是控制器）上不工作,spring,transactions,spring-boot,Spring,Transactions,Spring Boot,我认为最好将@Transactional注释放在服务层类上，而不是控制器上（参见f.e.）。但这在我的Spring Boot应用程序上不起作用。为什么呢控制器中的registerAction方法（参见下面的代码）执行多个服务调用。当f.e.mailService.sendActivationMail（…）失败时，我想从userService.registerUser（…）调用中回滚插入的用户。我是否需要将@Transactional注释放在控制器类上在控制器类上设置了@Transaction

我认为最好将

@Transactional

注释放在服务层类上，而不是控制器上（参见f.e.）。但这在我的Spring Boot应用程序上不起作用。为什么呢

控制器中的

registerAction

方法（参见下面的代码）执行多个服务调用。当f.e.

mailService.sendActivationMail（…）

失败时，我想从

userService.registerUser（…）

调用中回滚插入的用户。我是否需要将

@Transactional

注释放在控制器类上

在控制器类上设置了

@Transactional

注释时，我的Spring引导应用程序正确使用事务：

AuthController.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

但是，如果在服务类（而不是控制器）上设置了

@Transactional

注释，则事务不起作用：

UserService.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

我的配置类：

SpringApiApplication.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

ApiConfiguration.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

您可以将

@Transactional

注释放在接口定义、接口上的方法、类定义或类上的公共方法之前。然而，仅仅存在

@Transactional

注释并不足以激活事务行为

@Transactional

注释只是一些运行时基础结构可以使用的元数据，这些运行时基础结构是

@Transactional-aware

，可以使用元数据配置具有事务行为的适当bean

在前面的示例中，

元素打开事务行为

    // Below is the service class that we want to make transactional
    @Transactional
    public class DefaultEmployeeService implements EmployeeService {

        void insertEmployee(Employee Employee);

        void updateEmployee(Employee Employee);
    }

    XML Configuration:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ...>

        <!-- this is the service object that we want to make transactional -->
        <bean id="employeeService" class="service.DefaultEmployeeService"/>

        <!-- enable the configuration of transactional behavior based on annotations -->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

        <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
            <!-- (this dependency is defined somewhere else) -->
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>

//下面是我们要使其成为事务性的服务类
@交易的
公共类DefaultEmployeeService实现EmployeeService{
无效插入员工（员工）；
作废更新员工（员工）；
}
XML配置：

您可以尝试以下几点：

执行上述所有配置

从控制器中删除@Transactional配置

将服务对象与事务管理器bean一起引用

更多详情：

@M.Deinum让我走上了正确的道路。Spring（boot）不会像其他框架那样自动将控制器调用包装到事务中。因此，您必须向控制器添加

@Transactional

注释，或者将代码从控制器类移动到服务类

将代码从控制器类移动到服务类是更好的做法，因为（除其他外）使代码更易于测试。我就是这么做的

AuthenticationService.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

AuthController.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
@Transactional
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileService profileService;

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Profile registerAction(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userService.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileService.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailService.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private ApiUserRepository userRepository;

    public ApiUser registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ...
        userRepository.save(user);
        ...
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringApiApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringApiCommonApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ApiConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private ApiProperties properties;

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public UsernameCanonicalizer usernameCanonicalizer() {
        return new UsernameCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public EmailCanonicalizer emailCanonicalizer() {
        return new EmailCanonicalizer();
    }

    @Bean
    public ApiTokenHandler activationTokenHandler() {
        return new StandardApiTokenHandler(properties.getActivationTokenDuration());
    }
}

@Service
public class AuthenticationService {
    @Autowired
    private UserManager userManager;

    @Autowired
    private ProfileManager profileManager;

    @Autowired
    private MailManager mailManager;

    @Transactional
    public Profile registerUser(Registration registration) {
        ApiUser user = userManager.registerUser(registration);
        Profile profile = profileManager.createProfile(user, registration);

        mailManager.sendActivationMail(user);

        return profile;
    }

    ...
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;

    @RequestMapping(path = "register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ApiOperation(value = "Registers a user")
    public Profile register(@Valid @RequestBody Registration registration) {
        return authenticationService.registerUser(registration);
    }

    ...
}

什么不起作用。。。。另外，当使用Spring Boot时，您不需要

@EnableTransactionManagement

Spring Boot已经为您做到了这一点。当我将

@Transactional

注释放在服务类（而不是控制器）上时，当控制器中发生运行时异常时，不会回滚。当我将

@Transactional

注释放在控制器类上时，会发生回滚。但在控制器上放置

@事务性不是最佳实践；那为什么只有当我把它放在控制器上时它才会工作呢？当然不是。。。事务已在该阶段提交，那么为什么要在提交后回滚。。。基本上它是按设计工作的……好吧，但是为什么我读到控制器不应该是事务性的，而服务应该是事务性的，就像这里：因为你不应该。。。事务层就是服务，您的控制器只是一个集成层，应该尽可能薄。如果您想为web服务重用相同的逻辑，您是否要使其成为事务性的？或者JMS，或者。。。。您希望您的服务成为边界，其他一切都是集成。