Spring 无法在JUnit中加载ApplicationContext

我正在从hibernate会话切换到JPA实体，从xml切换到基于java的配置。我现在面临的问题是，我的JUnit无法加载ApplicationContext，即使它可以在web浏览器上正常运行。因此，我怀疑我的配置加载正确

请建议我应该如何解决此问题：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(
                            classes={RootContextConfig.class, WebServletContextConfig.class, PersistenceConfig.class})
@WebAppConfiguration
public class BaseTest{
    //@Autowired RegisterService registerService;

    @Test
    public void testRegister() {
    }   
}

这是stacktrace：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
    at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:161)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:101)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:331)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:213)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:292)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:233)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:87)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:176)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'methodValidationPostProcessor' defined in class com.admin.config.RootContextConfig: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor com.admin.config.RootContextConfig.methodValidationPostProcessor()] threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'localValidatorFactoryBean' defined in class com.admin.config.RootContextConfig: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: Unable to instantiate Configuration.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:597)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1094)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:989)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:298)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:198)
    at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:220)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:618)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:467)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:132)
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:59)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:250)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
    at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
    ... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Factory method [public org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor com.admin.config.RootContextConfig.methodValidationPostProcessor()] threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'localValidatorFactoryBean' defined in class com.admin.config.RootContextConfig: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: Unable to instantiate Configuration.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:188)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:586)
    ... 42 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'localValidatorFactoryBean' defined in class com.admin.config.RootContextConfig: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: Unable to instantiate Configuration.
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1553)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:539)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:298)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:324)
    at com.admin.config.RootContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$f26c1b5f.localValidatorFactoryBean(<generated>)
    at com.admin.config.RootContextConfig.methodValidationPostProcessor(RootContextConfig.java:75)
    at com.admin.config.RootContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$f26c1b5f.CGLIB$methodValidationPostProcessor$2(<generated>)
    at com.admin.config.RootContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$f26c1b5f$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$a1b3b6e5.invoke(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:228)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:312)
    at com.admin.config.RootContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$f26c1b5f.methodValidationPostProcessor(<generated>)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:166)
    ... 43 more
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: Unable to instantiate Configuration.
    at javax.validation.Validation$GenericBootstrapImpl.configure(Validation.java:279)
    at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalValidatorFactoryBean.java:223)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1612)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1549)
    ... 62 more
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to load 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath
    at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.<init>(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:172)
    at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.<init>(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:118)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.<init>(ConfigurationImpl.java:110)
    at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.<init>(ConfigurationImpl.java:86)
    at org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator.createGenericConfiguration(HibernateValidator.java:41)
    at javax.validation.Validation$GenericBootstrapImpl.configure(Validation.java:276)
    ... 65 more

java.lang.IllegalStateException:无法加载ApplicationContext
位于org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext（CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99）
位于org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext（DefaultTestContext.java:101）
位于org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.SetupRequestContextIfNeeded（ServletTestExecutionListener.java:161）
位于org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance（ServletTestExecutionListener.java:101）
位于org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance（TestContextManager.java:331）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:213）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run（ReflectiveCallable.java:12）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:292）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:233）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:87）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run（ParentRunner.java:290）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule（ParentRunner.java:71）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren（ParentRunner.java:288）
访问org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000（ParentRunner.java:58）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate（ParentRunner.java:268）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate（RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run（ParentRunner.java:363）
位于org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run（SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:176）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run（JUnit4TestReference.java:50）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run（TestExecution.java:38）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests（RemoteTestRunner.java:467）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests（RemoteTestRunner.java:683）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run（RemoteTestRunner.java:390）
位于org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main（RemoteTestRunner.java:197）
原因：org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“methodValidationPostProcessor”的bean时出错，该名称在类com.admin.config.RootContextConfig中定义：bean实例化失败；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException:factory方法[public org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor com.admin.config.RootContextConfig.MethodValidationPostProcessor（）]引发异常；嵌套异常为org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:创建名为“LocalValidatoryBean”的bean时出错，该bean在类com.admin.config.RootContextConfig中定义：调用init方法失败；嵌套异常为javax.validation.ValidationException:无法实例化配置。
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.InstanceUsingFactoryMethod（ConstructorResolver.java:597）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.InstanceUsingFactoryMethod（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1094）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:989）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:504）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean（AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject（AbstractBeanFactory.java:302）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton（DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:298）
位于org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean（AbstractBeanFactory.java:198）
位于org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationLegate.registerBeanPostProcessors（PostProcessorRegistrationLegate.java:220）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors（AbstractApplicationContext.java:618）
位于org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh（AbstractApplicationContext.java:467）
位于org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext（AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:132）
位于org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext（AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:59）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading（AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100）
位于org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader。
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to load 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.<init>(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:172)

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
    <artifactId>el-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
</dependency>