Sql server 将MS Excel数据粘贴到SQL Server
我在Excel中有一大堆行,我想将它们粘贴到MS SQL中的一个新表中。有简单的方法吗?最简单的方法是在XLS中创建一个计算列,该列将生成insert语句的语法。 然后将这些insert复制到文本文件中,然后在SQL上执行。Sql server 将MS Excel数据粘贴到SQL Server,sql-server,excel,copy-paste,Sql Server,Excel,Copy Paste,我在Excel中有一大堆行,我想将它们粘贴到MS SQL中的一个新表中。有简单的方法吗?最简单的方法是在XLS中创建一个计算列,该列将生成insert语句的语法。 然后将这些insert复制到文本文件中,然后在SQL上执行。 另一种选择是购买Excel数据库连接插件,并编写VBA代码来完成相同的操作。如果界面的工作方式与我上次使用时相同,您可以在Excel中选择区域,复制它,打开SQL Server,然后像使用Access一样将数据粘贴到表中 或者您可以在Excel和SQL Server之间设置
另一种选择是购买Excel数据库连接插件,并编写VBA代码来完成相同的操作。如果界面的工作方式与我上次使用时相同,您可以在Excel中选择区域,复制它,打开SQL Server,然后像使用Access一样将数据粘贴到表中
或者您可以在Excel和SQL Server之间设置ODBC链接。我认为一些数据库可以从CSV(逗号分隔值)文件导入数据,而您可以从exel导出数据。或者,至少使用csv解析器(为您的语言找到一个解析器,不要尝试自己创建一个解析器——这比看起来更难)将其导入数据库是相当容易的 我不熟悉MS SQL,但如果它直接支持它,我也不会感到惊讶
无论如何,我认为要求必须是Exel表和数据库表中的结构相似。我过去成功地使用过这种技术: (…)跳过一列(或将其用于注释),然后键入类似 其中包括以下公式:
=“插入tblyourtablename(您的密钥ID\u pk、intmine、strval)值(“&A4&”、“&B4&”、N'&C4&“)”)”
现在您已经获得了的insert语句
包含主键(PK)、整数和unicode字符串的表。(……)
为什么不在SSMS中使用导出/导入向导?如果您有SQL Server Management Studio,您可以使用鼠标从Excel复制并粘贴到Management Studio中的表中。只是
关于。您不能使用VBA代码从excel复制并粘贴到SSMS操作中吗?供将来参考: 通过执行以下操作,可以将粘贴数据从en excel工作表复制到SQL表:
此外,您还可以跳过其他列,方法是在Excel工作表选择中的空列的序号位置与要跳过的列相同。这将使SSMS插入默认值(如果未指定默认值,则为NULL)。我开发了一个Excel VBA宏,用于剪切和粘贴Excel中的任何选择并将其粘贴到SQL Server中,从而创建一个新表。该宏非常适合快速创建多达数千行和多列的脏表(理论上它最多可以管理200列)。宏尝试自动检测头名称,并为每列指定最合适的数据类型(它处理最多1000个字符的varchar列) 建议的安装程序:
Sub TransferToSQL()
'
' TransferToSQL Macro
' This macro prepares data for pasting into SQL Server and posts it to the clipboard for inserting into SSMS
' It attempts to automatically detect header rows and does a basic analysis of the first 15 rows to determine the most appropriate datatype to use handling text entries upto 1000 chars.
'
' Max Number of Columns: 200
'
' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+X
'
' ver Date Reason
' === ==== ======
' 1.6 06/2012 Fixed bug that prevented auto exit if no selection made / auto exit if blank Tablename entered or 'cancel' button pressed
' 1.5 02/2012 made use of function fn_ColLetter to retrieve the Column Letter for a specified column
' 1.4 02/2012 Replaces any Tabs in text data to spaces to prevent Double quotes being output in final results
' 1.3 02/2012 Place the 'drop table if already exists' code into a separate batch to prevent errors when inserting new table with same name but different shape and > 100 rows
' 1.2 01/2012 If null dates encountered code to cast it as Null rather than '00-Jan-1900'
' 1.1 10/2011 Code to drop the table if already exists
' 1.0 03/2011 Created
Dim intLastRow As Long
Dim intlastColumn As Integer
Dim intRow As Long
Dim intDataStartRow As Long
Dim intColumn As Integer
Dim strKeyWord As String
Dim intPos As Integer
Dim strDataTypeLevel(4) As String
Dim strColumnHeader(200) As String
Dim strDataType(200) As String
Dim intRowCheck As Integer
Dim strFormula(20) As String
Dim intHasHeaderRow As Integer
Dim strCellRef As String
Dim intFormulaCount As Integer
Dim strSQLTableName As String
Dim strSQLTableName_Encap As String
Dim intdataTypelevel As Integer
Const strConstHeaderKeyword As String = "ID,URN,name,Title,Job,Company,Contact,Address,Post,Town,Email,Tele,phone,Area,Region,Business,Total,Month,Week,Year,"
Const intConstMaxBatchSize As Integer = 100
Const intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse As Integer = 100
intHasHeaderRow = 0
strDataTypeLevel(1) = "VARCHAR(1000)"
strDataTypeLevel(2) = "FLOAT"
strDataTypeLevel(3) = "INTEGER"
strDataTypeLevel(4) = "DATETIME"
' Use current selection and paste to new temp worksheet
Selection.Copy
Workbooks.Add ' add temp 'Working' Workbook
' Paste "Values Only" back into new temp workbook
Range("A3").Select ' Goto 3rd Row
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlFormats, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False ' Copy Format of Selection
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False ' Copy Values of Selection
ActiveCell.SpecialCells(xlLastCell).Select ' Goto last cell
intLastRow = ActiveCell.Row
intlastColumn = ActiveCell.Column
' Check to make sure that there are cells which are selected
If intLastRow = 3 And intlastColumn = 1 Then
Application.DisplayAlerts = False ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
ActiveWindow.Close ' Delete newly created worksheet
Application.DisplayAlerts = True ' Switch display alerts back on
MsgBox "*** Please Make selection before running macro - Terminating ***", vbOKOnly, "Transfer Data to SQL Server"
Exit Sub
End If
' Prompt user for Name of SQL Server table
strSQLTableName = InputBox("SQL Server Table Name?", "Transfer Excel Data To SQL", "##Table")
' if blank table name entered or 'Cancel' selected then exit
If strSQLTableName = "" Then
Application.DisplayAlerts = False ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
ActiveWindow.Close ' Delete newly created worksheet
Application.DisplayAlerts = True ' Switch display alerts back on
Exit Sub
End If
' encapsulate tablename with square brackets if user has not already done so
strSQLTableName_Encap = Replace(Replace(Replace("[" & Replace(strSQLTableName, ".", "].[") & "]", "[]", ""), "[[", "["), "]]", "]")
' Try to determine if the First Row is a header row or contains data and if a header load names of Columns
Range("A3").Select
For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
' first check to see if the first row contains any pure numbers or pure dates
If IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) Or IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) Then
intHasHeaderRow = vbNo
intDataStartRow = 3
Exit For
Else
strColumnHeader(intColumn) = ActiveCell.Value
ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go to the row below
If IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) Or IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) Then
intHasHeaderRow = vbYes
intDataStartRow = 4
End If
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go back up to the first row
If intHasHeaderRow = 0 Then ' if still not determined if header exists: Look for header using keywords
intPos = 1
While intPos < Len(strConstHeaderKeyword) And intHasHeaderRow = 0
strKeyWord = Mid$(strConstHeaderKeyword, intPos, InStr(intPos, strConstHeaderKeyword, ",") - intPos)
If InStr(1, ActiveCell.Value, strKeyWord) > 0 Then
intHasHeaderRow = vbYes
intDataStartRow = 4
End If
intPos = InStr(intPos, strConstHeaderKeyword, ",") + 1
Wend
End If
End If
ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select ' Goto next column
Next intColumn
' If auto header row detection has failed ask the user to manually select
If intHasHeaderRow = 0 Then
intHasHeaderRow = MsgBox("Does current selection have a header row?", vbYesNo, "Auto header row detection failure")
If intHasHeaderRow = vbYes Then
intDataStartRow = 4
Else
intDataStartRow = 3
End If
End If
' *** Determine the Data Type of each Column ***
' Go thru each Column to find Data types
If intLastRow < intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse Then ' Check the first intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse rows or to end of selection whichever is less
intRowCheck = intLastRow
Else
intRowCheck = intConstNumberRowsToAnalyse
End If
For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
intdataTypelevel = 5
For intRow = intDataStartRow To intRowCheck
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intColumn)
If ActiveCell.Value = "" Then ' ignore blank (null) values
ElseIf IsDate(ActiveCell.Value) = True And Len(ActiveCell.Value) >= 8 Then
If intdataTypelevel > 4 Then intdataTypelevel = 4
ElseIf IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) = True And InStr(1, CStr(ActiveCell.Value), ".") = 0 And (Left(CStr(ActiveCell.Value), 1) <> "0" Or ActiveCell.Value = "0") And Len(ActiveCell.Value) < 10 Then
If intdataTypelevel > 3 Then intdataTypelevel = 3
ElseIf IsNumeric(ActiveCell.Value) = True And InStr(1, CStr(ActiveCell.Value), ".") >= 1 Then
If intdataTypelevel > 2 Then intdataTypelevel = 2
Else
intdataTypelevel = 1
Exit For
End If
Next intRow
If intdataTypelevel = 5 Then intdataTypelevel = 1
strDataType(intColumn) = strDataTypeLevel(intdataTypelevel)
Next intColumn
' *** Build up the SQL
intFormulaCount = 1
If intHasHeaderRow = vbYes Then ' *** Header Row ***
Application.Goto Reference:="R4" & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1) ' Goto next column in first data row of selection
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= ""SELECT "
For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
If strDataType(intColumn) = "DATETIME" Then ' Code to take Excel Dates back to text
strCellRef = "Text(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4,""dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss"")"
ElseIf strDataType(intColumn) = "VARCHAR(1000)" Then
strCellRef = "SUBSTITUTE(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4,""'"",""''"")" ' Convert any single ' to double ''
Else
strCellRef = fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "4"
End If
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) & "CAST('""& " & strCellRef & " & ""' AS " & strDataType(intColumn) & ") AS [" & strColumnHeader(intColumn) & "]"
If intColumn < intlastColumn Then
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + ", "
Else
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + " UNION ALL """
End If
' since each cell can only hold a maximum no. of chars if Formula string gets too big continue formula in adjacent cell
If Len(strFormula(intFormulaCount)) > 700 And intColumn < intlastColumn Then
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + """"
intFormulaCount = intFormulaCount + 1
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= """
End If
Next intColumn
' Assign the formula to the cell(s) just right of the selection
For intColumn = 1 To intFormulaCount
ActiveCell.Value = strFormula(intColumn)
If intColumn < intFormulaCount Then ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select ' Goto next column
Next intColumn
' Auto Fill the formula for the full length of the selection
ActiveCell.Offset(0, -intFormulaCount + 1).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount) & "1").Select
If intLastRow > 4 Then Selection.AutoFill Destination:=Range(fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + 1) & "4:" & fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) & CStr(intLastRow)), Type:=xlFillDefault
' Go to start row of data selection to add 'Select into' code
ActiveCell.Value = "SELECT * INTO " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
' Go to cells above data to insert code for deleting old table with the same name in separate SQL batch
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go to the row above
ActiveCell.Value = "GO"
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go to the row above
If Left(strSQLTableName, 1) = "#" Then ' temp table
ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.." & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
Else
ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('" & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
End If
' For Big selections (i.e. several 100 or 1000 rows) SQL Server takes a very long time to do a multiple union - Split up the table creation into many inserts
intRow = intConstMaxBatchSize + 4 ' add 4 to make sure 1st batch = Max Batch Size
While intRow < intLastRow
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow - 1) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) ' Goto Row before intRow and the last column in formula selection
ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a") ' Remove last 'UNION ALL'
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1) ' Goto intRow and the first column in formula selection
ActiveCell.Value = "INSERT " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " SELECT * FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
intRow = intRow + intConstMaxBatchSize ' increment intRow by intConstMaxBatchSize
Wend
' Delete the last 'UNION AlL' replacing it with brackets to mark the end of the last insert
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intLastRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)
ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a")
' Select all the formula cells
ActiveCell.Offset(-intLastRow + 2, 1 - intFormulaCount).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount + 1) & CStr(intLastRow - 1)).Select
Else ' *** No Header Row ***
Application.Goto Reference:="R3" & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1) ' Goto next column in first data row of selection
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= ""SELECT "
For intColumn = 1 To intlastColumn
If strDataType(intColumn) = "DATETIME" Then
strCellRef = "Text(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3,""dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss"")" ' Format Excel dates into a text Date format that SQL will pick up
ElseIf strDataType(intColumn) = "VARCHAR(1000)" Then
strCellRef = "SUBSTITUTE(" & fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3,""'"",""''"")" ' Change all single ' to double ''
Else
strCellRef = fn_ColLetter(intColumn) & "3"
End If
' Since no column headers: Name each column "Column001",Column002"..
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) & "CAST('""& " & strCellRef & " & ""' AS " & strDataType(intColumn) & ") AS [Column" & CStr(intColumn) & "]"
If intColumn < intlastColumn Then
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + ", "
Else
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + " UNION ALL """
End If
' since each cell can only hold a maximum no. of chars if Formula string gets too big continue formula in adjacent cell
If Len(strFormula(intFormulaCount)) > 700 And intColumn < intlastColumn Then
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = strFormula(intFormulaCount) + """"
intFormulaCount = intFormulaCount + 1
strFormula(intFormulaCount) = "= """
End If
Next intColumn
' Assign the formula to the cell(s) just right of the selection
For intColumn = 1 To intFormulaCount
ActiveCell.Value = strFormula(intColumn)
If intColumn < intFormulaCount Then ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Range("A1").Select ' Goto next column
Next intColumn
' Auto Fill the formula for the full length of the selection
ActiveCell.Offset(0, -intFormulaCount + 1).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount) & "1").Select
If intLastRow > 4 Then Selection.AutoFill Destination:=Range(fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + 1) & "3:" & fn_ColLetter(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) & CStr(intLastRow)), Type:=xlFillDefault
' Go to start row of data selection to add 'Select into' code
ActiveCell.Value = "SELECT * INTO " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
' Go to cells above data to insert code for deleting old table with the same name in separate SQL batch
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go to the row above
ActiveCell.Value = "GO"
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, 0).Range("A1").Select ' go to the row above
If Left(strSQLTableName, 1) = "#" Then ' temp table
ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb.." & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
Else
ActiveCell.Value = "IF OBJECT_ID('" & strSQLTableName & "') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE " & strSQLTableName_Encap
End If
' For Big selections (i.e. serveral 100 or 1000 rows) SQL Server takes a very long time to do a multiple union - Split up the table creation into many inserts
intRow = intConstMaxBatchSize + 3 ' add 3 to make sure 1st batch = Max Batch Size
While intRow < intLastRow
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow - 1) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount) ' Goto Row before intRow and the last column in formula selection
ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a") ' Remove last 'UNION ALL'
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + 1) ' Goto intRow and the first column in formula selection
ActiveCell.Value = "INSERT " & strSQLTableName_Encap & " SELECT * FROM (" & ActiveCell.Value
intRow = intRow + intConstMaxBatchSize ' increment intRow by intConstMaxBatchSize
Wend
' Delete the last 'UNION AlL'
Application.Goto Reference:="R" & CStr(intLastRow) & "C" & CStr(intlastColumn + intFormulaCount)
ActiveCell.Value = Replace(ActiveCell.Value, " UNION ALL ", " ) a")
' Select all the formula cells
ActiveCell.Offset(-intLastRow + 1, 1 - intFormulaCount).Range("A1:" & fn_ColLetter(intFormulaCount + 1) & CStr(intLastRow)).Select
End If
' Final Selection to clipboard and Cleaning of data
Selection.Copy
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues, Operation:=xlNone, SkipBlanks:=False, Transpose:=False ' Repaste "Values Only" back into cells
Selection.Replace What:="CAST('' AS", Replacement:="CAST(NULL AS", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False ' convert all blank cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:="'00-Jan-1900 00:00:00'", Replacement:="NULL", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False ' convert all blank Date cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:="'NULL'", Replacement:="NULL", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False ' convert all 'NULL' cells to NULL
Selection.Replace What:=vbTab, Replacement:=" ", LookAt:=xlPart, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False ' Replace all Tabs in cells to Space to prevent Double Quotes occuring in the final paste text
Selection.Copy
MsgBox "SQL Code has been added to clipboard - Please Paste into SSMS window", vbOKOnly, "Transfer to SQL"
Application.DisplayAlerts = False ' Temporarily switch off Display Alerts
ActiveWindow.Close ' Delete newly created worksheet
Application.DisplayAlerts = True ' Switch display alerts back on
End Sub
Function fn_ColLetter(Col As Integer) As String
Dim strColLetter As String
If Col > 26 Then
' double letter columns
strColLetter = Chr(Int((Col - 1) / 26) + 64) & _
Chr(((Col - 1) Mod 26) + 65)
Else
' single letter columns
strColLetter = Chr(Col + 64)
End If
fn_ColLetter = strColLetter
End Function
Sub TransferToSQL()
'
'TransferToSQL宏
'此宏准备要粘贴到SQL Server中的数据,并将其发布到剪贴板以插入到SSMS中
'它尝试自动检测标题行,并对前15行进行基本分析,以确定最合适的数据类型,用于处理多达1000个字符的文本条目。
'
'最大列数:200
'
'键盘快捷键:Ctrl+Shift+X
'
“日期原因
' === ==== ======
“1.6 06/2012修复了在未进行选择时阻止自动退出的错误/在输入空白表名或按下“取消”按钮时自动退出
'1.5 02/2012使用函数fn_ColLetter检索指定列的列字母
'1.4 02/2012将文本数据中的任何选项卡替换为空格,以防止在最终结果中输出双引号
'1.3 02/2012将'drop table if ready exists'代码放入单独的批处理中,以防止在插入具有相同名称但形状不同且>100行的新表格时出错
“1.2 2012年1月1日如果空日期遇到代码将其转换为空而不是“00-Jan-1900”
'1.1 2011年10月删除表格的代码(如果已经存在)
'1.0 2011年3月Crea