SQLite慢速选择查询

SQLite慢速选择查询,sql,sqlite,Sql,Sqlite,我正在运行以下选择查询: SELECT "entry"."id" AS "entry_id", "entry"."input" AS "entry_input", "entry"."output" AS "entry_output", "entry"."numOfWords" AS "entry_numOfWords", "entry"."times_seen" AS "entry_times_seen", "word_class"."value" AS "word_class_value",

我正在运行以下选择查询:

SELECT "entry"."id" AS "entry_id",
"entry"."input" AS "entry_input",
"entry"."output" AS "entry_output",
"entry"."numOfWords" AS "entry_numOfWords",
"entry"."times_seen" AS "entry_times_seen",
"word_class"."value" AS "word_class_value",
"dominant_noun"."noun" AS "dominant_noun_noun",
"dominant_noun"."article" AS "dominant_noun_article",
"dominant_noun"."isPluaral" AS "dominant_noun_isPluaral",
"subject"."subjectIndex" AS "subject_subjectIndex",
"last_time_visited"."value" AS "last_time_visited_value"
FROM "entry" "entry"
LEFT JOIN "word_class" "word_class" ON "word_class"."entryId"="entry"."id"
LEFT JOIN "dominant_noun" "dominant_noun" ON "dominant_noun"."entryId"="entry"."id"
LEFT JOIN "subject_entries_entry" "subject_entry" ON "subject_entry"."entryId"="entry"."id"
LEFT JOIN "subject" "subject" ON "subject"."id"="subject_entry"."subjectId"
LEFT JOIN "last_time_visited" "last_time_visited" ON "last_time_visited"."entryId"="entry"."id"
WHERE "entry"."inputLang" = 31
AND ("entry"."input" like '% hilfe %' OR "entry"."input" like 'hilfe %' OR "entry"."input" like '% hilfe')
ORDER BY "word_class"."value" DESC, "entry"."numOfWords" ASC;
时间结果:

real    0m15.100s
user    0m14.072s
sys     0m1.024s
针对此数据库架构:

CREATE TABLE sqlite_sequence(name,seq);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "subject" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "subjectIndex" tinyint NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "entry" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "inputLang" tinyint NOT NULL, "outputLang" tinyint NOT NULL, "input"
varchar NOT NULL, "output" varchar NOT NULL, "numOfWords" tinyint NOT NULL, "times_seen" integer NOT NULL DEFAULT (0));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "abbr" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "value" varchar NOT NULL, "entryId" integer, CONSTRAINT "REL_ca935aaf7
66cba1e7bfbe90275" UNIQUE ("entryId"), CONSTRAINT "FK_ca935aaf766cba1e7bfbe902757" FOREIGN KEY ("entryId") REFERENCES "entry" ("id"));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "word_class" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "value" integer NOT NULL, "entryId" integer, CONSTRAINT "REL_941
45442deb2b2209bd943a787" UNIQUE ("entryId"), CONSTRAINT "FK_94145442deb2b2209bd943a7874" FOREIGN KEY ("entryId") REFERENCES "entry" ("id"));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "dominant_noun" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "noun" varchar NOT NULL, "article" tinyint NOT NULL, "isPluar
al" boolean NOT NULL, "entryId" integer, CONSTRAINT "REL_f493eeedea653d8a89f595c82c" UNIQUE ("entryId"), CONSTRAINT "FK_f493eeedea653d8a89f595c82c4" FOREI
GN KEY ("entryId") REFERENCES "entry" ("id"));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "last_time_visited" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "value" datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), "e
ntryId" integer, CONSTRAINT "REL_e631a6f55d59214f8e6aaa6447" UNIQUE ("entryId"), CONSTRAINT "FK_e631a6f55d59214f8e6aaa64478" FOREIGN KEY ("entryId") REFER
ENCES "entry" ("id"));
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "subject_entries_entry" ("subjectId" integer NOT NULL, "entryId" integer NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT "FK_d2eaa7a84a7963ed94e472cef0b"FOREIGN KEY ("subjectId") REFERENCES "subject" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE, CONSTRAINT "FK_5f940450dd4c681a9fecf0b14b2" FOREIGN KEY ("entryId") REFERENCES "entry" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE, PRIMARY KEY ("subjectId", "entryId"));
CREATE INDEX "IDX_3091789786b922bee00bbb44b1" ON "entry" ("inputLang") ;
CREATE INDEX "IDX_36ab3550b9e3ef647d1230affc" ON "entry" ("outputLang") ;
CREATE INDEX "IDX_1b0f6266dffb9a7e6343e7faa4" ON "entry" ("input") ;
CREATE INDEX "IDX_a77c7936ea412ec1958007154a" ON "entry" ("numOfWords") ;
CREATE INDEX "IDX_b32699a03d36223ff9bad94ea6" ON "entry" ("times_seen") ;
解释结果:

addr  opcode         p1    p2    p3    p4             p5  comment
----  -------------  ----  ----  ----  -------------  --  -------------
0     Init           0     109   0                    00  Start at 109
1     SorterOpen     6     14    0     k(2,-B,B)      00
2     OpenRead       0     12    0     7              00  root=12 iDb=0; entry
3     OpenRead       1     2     0     3              00  root=2 iDb=0; word_class
4     OpenRead       7     3     0     k(2,,)         02  root=3 iDb=0; sqlite_autoindex_word_class_1
5     OpenRead       2     5     0     5              00  root=5 iDb=0; dominant_noun
6     OpenRead       8     6     0     k(2,,)         02  root=6 iDb=0; sqlite_autoindex_dominant_noun_1
7     OpenRead       3     10    0     2              00  root=10 iDb=0; subject_entries_entry
8     OpenRead       4     9     0     2              00  root=9 iDb=0; subject
9     OpenRead       5     7     0     3              00  root=7 iDb=0; last_time_visited
10    OpenRead       9     8     0     k(2,,)         02  root=8 iDb=0; sqlite_autoindex_last_time_visited_1
11    Rewind         0     92    0                    00
12      Column         0     1     1                    00  r[1]=entry.inputLang
13      Ne             2     91    1     (BINARY)       54  if r[1]!=r[2] goto 91
14      Column         0     3     4                    00  r[4]=entry.input
15      Function0      1     3     1     like(2)        02  r[1]=func(r[3..4])
16      If             1     23    0                    00
17      Column         0     3     6                    00  r[6]=entry.input
18      Function0      1     5     1     like(2)        02  r[1]=func(r[5..6])
19      If             1     23    0                    00
20      Column         0     3     8                    00  r[8]=entry.input
21      Function0      1     7     1     like(2)        02  r[1]=func(r[7..8])
22      IfNot          1     91    1                    00
23      Integer        0     9     0                    00  r[9]=0; init LEFT JOIN no-match flag
24      Rowid          0     10    0                    00  r[10]=rowid
25      SeekGE         7     87    10    1              00  key=r[10]
26      IdxGT          7     87    10    1              00  key=r[10]
27      DeferredSeek   7     0     1                    00  Move 1 to 7.rowid if needed
28      Integer        1     9     0                    00  r[9]=1; record LEFT JOIN hit
29      Integer        0     11    0                    00  r[11]=0; init LEFT JOIN no-match flag
30      Rowid          0     12    0                    00  r[12]=rowid
31      SeekGE         8     83    12    1              00  key=r[12]
32      IdxGT          8     83    12    1              00  key=r[12]
33      DeferredSeek   8     0     2                    00  Move 2 to 8.rowid if needed
34      Integer        1     11    0                    00  r[11]=1; record LEFT JOIN hit
35      Once           0     44    0                    00
36      OpenAutoindex  10    3     0     k(3,B,,)       00  nColumn=3; for subject_entries_entry
37      Rewind         3     44    0                    00
38        Column         3     1     13                   00  r[13]=subject_entries_entry.entryId
39        Column         3     0     14                   00  r[14]=subject_entries_entry.subjectId
40        Rowid          3     15    0                    00  r[15]=rowid
41        MakeRecord     13    3     1                    00  r[1]=mkrec(r[13..15])
42        IdxInsert      10    1     0                    10  key=r[1]
43      Next           3     38    0                    03
44      Integer        0     16    0                    00  r[16]=0; init LEFT JOIN no-match flag
45      Rowid          0     17    0                    00  r[17]=rowid
46      SeekGE         10    80    17    1              00  key=r[17]
47        IdxGT          10    80    17    1              00  key=r[17]
48        Integer        1     16    0                    00  r[16]=1; record LEFT JOIN hit
49        Integer        0     18    0                    00  r[18]=0; init LEFT JOIN no-match flag
50        Column         10    1     19                   00  r[19]=subject_entries_entry.subjectId
51        SeekRowid      4     76    19                   00  intkey=r[19]
52        Integer        1     18    0                    00  r[18]=1; record LEFT JOIN hit
53        Integer        0     20    0                    00  r[20]=0; init LEFT JOIN no-match flag
54        Rowid          0     21    0                    00  r[21]=rowid
55        SeekGE         9     72    21    1              00  key=r[21]
56        IdxGT          9     72    21    1              00  key=r[21]
57        DeferredSeek   9     0     5                    00  Move 5 to 9.rowid if needed
58        Integer        1     20    0                    00  r[20]=1; record LEFT JOIN hit
59        Rowid          0     24    0                    00  r[24]=rowid
60        Column         0     3     25                   00  r[25]=entry.input
61        Column         0     4     26                   00  r[26]=entry.output
62        Column         0     6     27    0              00  r[27]=entry.times_seen
63        Column         2     1     28                   00  r[28]=dominant_noun.noun
64        Column         2     2     29                   00  r[29]=dominant_noun.article
65        Column         2     3     30                   00  r[30]=dominant_noun.isPluaral
66        Column         4     1     31                   00  r[31]=subject.subjectIndex
67        Column         5     1     32                   00  r[32]=last_time_visited.value
68        Column         1     1     22                   00  r[22]=word_class.value
69        Column         0     5     23                   00  r[23]=entry.numOfWords
70        MakeRecord     22    11    35                   00  r[35]=mkrec(r[22..32])
71        SorterInsert   6     35    22    11             00  key=r[35]
72        IfPos          20    76    0                    00  if r[20]>0 then r[20]-=0, goto 76
73        NullRow        5     0     0                    00
74        NullRow        9     0     0                    00
75        Goto           0     58    0                    00
76        IfPos          18    79    0                    00  if r[18]>0 then r[18]-=0, goto 79
77        NullRow        4     0     0                    00
78        Goto           0     52    0                    00
79      Next           10    47    0                    00
80      IfPos          16    83    0                    00  if r[16]>0 then r[16]-=0, goto 83
81      NullRow        10    0     0                    00
82      Goto           0     48    0                    00
83      IfPos          11    87    0                    00  if r[11]>0 then r[11]-=0, goto 87
84      NullRow        2     0     0                    00
85      NullRow        8     0     0                    00
86      Goto           0     34    0                    00
87      IfPos          9     91    0                    00  if r[9]>0 then r[9]-=0, goto 91
88      NullRow        1     0     0                    00
89      NullRow        7     0     0                    00
90      Goto           0     28    0                    00
91    Next           0     12    0                    01
92    OpenPseudo     11    36    14                   00  14 columns in r[36]
93    SorterSort     6     108   0                    00
94      SorterData     6     36    11                   00  r[36]=data
95      Column         11    10    34                   00  r[34]=last_time_visited_value
96      Column         11    9     33                   00  r[33]=subject_subjectIndex
97      Column         11    8     32                   00  r[32]=dominant_noun_isPluaral
98      Column         11    7     31                   00  r[31]=dominant_noun_article
99      Column         11    6     30                   00  r[30]=dominant_noun_noun
100     Column         11    0     29                   00  r[29]=word_class_value
101     Column         11    5     28                   00  r[28]=entry_times_seen
102     Column         11    1     27                   00  r[27]=entry_numOfWords
103     Column         11    4     26                   00  r[26]=entry_output
104     Column         11    3     25                   00  r[25]=entry_input
105     Column         11    2     24                   00  r[24]=entry_id
106     ResultRow      24    11    0                    00  output=r[24..34]
107   SorterNext     6     94    0                    00
108   Halt           0     0     0                    00
109   Transaction    0     0     348   0              01  usesStmtJournal=0
110   Integer        31    2     0                    00  r[2]=31
111   String8        0     3     0     % hilfe %      00  r[3]='% hilfe %'
112   String8        0     5     0     hilfe %        00  r[5]='hilfe %'
113   String8        0     7     0     % hilfe        00  r[7]='% hilfe'
114   Goto           0     1     0                    00
解释查询计划输出:

QUERY PLAN
|--SCAN TABLE entry AS entry
|--SEARCH TABLE word_class AS word_class USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_word_class_1 (entryId=?)
|--SEARCH TABLE dominant_noun AS dominant_noun USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_dominant_noun_1 (entryId=?)
|--SEARCH TABLE subject_entries_entry AS subject_entry USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (entryId=?)
|--SEARCH TABLE subject AS subject USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
|--SEARCH TABLE last_time_visited AS last_time_visited USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_last_time_visited_1 (entryId=?)
`--USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY
分析输出:

subject||1437631
entry|IDX_b32699a03d36223ff9bad94ea6|2348382 2348382
entry|IDX_a77c7936ea412ec1958007154a|2348382 67097
entry|IDX_1b0f6266dffb9a7e6343e7faa4|2348382 2
entry|IDX_36ab3550b9e3ef647d1230affc|2348382 1174191
entry|IDX_3091789786b922bee00bbb44b1|2348382 1174191
abbr|sqlite_autoindex_abbr_1|42575 1
dominant_noun|sqlite_autoindex_dominant_noun_1|823071 1
word_class|sqlite_autoindex_word_class_1|2005516 1
subject_entries_entry|sqlite_autoindex_subject_entries_entry_1|1437631 1 1

通常需要10秒以上才能得到结果。虽然这是我第一次使用SQLite,但20秒的回复时间似乎很奇怪。如果我需要提供额外信息以解决问题,请添加评论

导致查询时间过长的因素是
subject\u entries\u entry
表。它是一个标准连接表,用于将
条目
表中的行与
主题
表中的行关联起来。表定义使用一个主键,该主键首先放置主题id,然后是条目id(
主键(“subjectId”、“entryId”)

另一方面,您的查询首先连接表上的条目id,然后连接主题id——与键中的顺序相反。Sqlite可以并且确实在联接中对表进行重新排序,以尽可能提高效率,但在本例中,它没有这样做。转到
解释查询计划
输出:

SEARCH TABLE subject_entries_entry AS subject_entry USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (entryId=?)
搜索
意味着它在索引中查找特定的行,而不是查看每一行(
扫描
),这是您想要的,但是
自动覆盖索引
部分不好
AUTOMATIC
意味着查询计划器尚未找到可以使用的现有索引,但认为使用索引比必须扫描表要好,因此它会构建一个仅为该查询存在的临时索引。看起来
subject\u entries\u entries
表有很多行,因此这可能需要一些时间

以主键列在联接中使用的相同顺序重新创建表,可以大大缩短时间(与列翻转的单独索引一样,以占用更多磁盘空间为代价)

我对这张桌子的另一个建议是把它做成一张。无论表定义使用什么,普通sqlite表都使用64位整数主键(称为rowid);非
整数主键
在这样的表中只是一个普通的
唯一的
索引。使用不带ROWID的
,主键是表的实际主键,这样在实际ROWID没有实际用途的情况下可以节省空间。它没有复制每行内容的表和索引,而是有一个表。不过,这种优化不会影响查询速度,因为它使用的覆盖索引已经在索引中包含了所有需要的信息;查询中甚至没有像现在这样查看实际表

我不确定是否会有进一步的加速——看看查询计划,它对其余的表使用了预先存在的索引,而join子句都很简单。我有点惊讶,它没有使用
entry(inputLang)
上的索引来进行搜索,而不是扫描该表。也许如果你可以重新打开SQLite库,然后再重建一个统计表,但是这取决于你使用的语言(C或C++中的简单,其他的更难)。 编辑:

其他一些需要探索的事情:

  • 启用多线程排序,其中N是正在使用的核心数
  • 使用启用内存映射数据库

放在一边-您不需要在每个标识符周围加引号,而且通常不会对通常较短的表别名重复表名:
来自条目e
@Parfait实际上我使用的是ORM,SQL就是它生成的。关于select查询的慢度呢?恕我直言,慢度可能取决于数据库的大小。它还取决于联接,因为联接列没有索引。为它们编制索引将提高速度,但要小心,因为编制索引会减慢更新速度。主题条目搜索使用的自动索引可能是您看到的内容的一大部分,因为每次运行查询时都必须重新生成索引。颠倒该表的复合主键的顺序可能会有所帮助(如果您的ORM允许,还可以使其成为一个没有ROWID的表)。(如果使用新架构重新创建表不可行,至少可以尝试在
subject\u entries\u entry(entryId,subjectId)上创建索引)
并查看是否开始使用。可能还需要运行
pragma optimize
。感谢您的时间和信息丰富的回答。顺便说一句,圣诞快乐,祝您健康快乐。