如何将格式化数据写入文件，然后读取？VB.NET（2012版）

我正在练习VB.NET，在读写.dat文件时遇到问题。我制作了一个临时存储数据的结构（如下）

然后我把所有东西都调暗

Dim Customers(9) As CustomerType
Dim Filename As String = "Accounts.dat"
Dim NumberOfRecords As Short = 0
Dim myFormat As String = "{0,-15}|{1,-15}|{2,-10}|{3,-10}"

我有一个创建新帐户的按钮，这就是问题所在

    FileOpen(1, Filename, OpenMode.Random, , , )
    For i = 1 To Customers.Length() - 1
        With Customers(i)
            .Forename = InputBox("First name", "Forename")
            Do Until .Forename <> "" And TypeOf .Forename Is String
                .Forename = InputBox("First name", "Forename")
            Loop
            .Surname = InputBox("Surname", "Surname")
            Do Until .Surname <> "" And TypeOf .Surname Is String
                .Surname = InputBox("Surname", "Surname")
            Loop
            .AccountNum = InputBox("Account Number of " & Customers(i).Forename & " " & Customers(i).Surname & ".", "Account Number")
            Do Until .AccountNum.Length = 8 And TypeOf .AccountNum Is String
                .AccountNum = InputBox("Account Number of " & Customers(i).Forename & " " & Customers(i).Surname & ".", "Account Number")
            Loop
            .Balance = InputBox("Balance of " & Customers(i).Forename & " " & Customers(i).Surname & ".", "Balance")
            Do Until .Balance > -1
                .Balance = InputBox("Balance of " & Customers(i).Forename & " " & Customers(i).Surname & ".", "Balance")
            Loop
            FilePut(1, Customers, NumberOfRecords + 1)
            NumberOfRecords += 1
            lblNumberOfRecords.Text = NumberOfRecords
        End With
    Next
    FileClose(1)

我面临的主要问题是我做错了什么，我如何才能纠正它

多谢各位，

---

Jordan

首先，您需要导入以下名称空间：

Imports System.Runtime.Serialization
Imports System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary
Imports System.IO

型号

将customertype模型更改为：

<Serializable()> _
Public Class CustomerType
    Implements ISerializable

    Public Sub New()
    End Sub

    Protected Sub New(info As SerializationInfo, context As StreamingContext)
        Me.AccountNum = info.GetString("AccountNum")
        Me.Surname = info.GetString("Surname")
        Me.Forename = info.GetString("Forename")
        Me.Balance = info.GetDecimal("Balance")
    End Sub

    Public AccountNum As String
    Public Surname As String
    Public Forename As String
    Public Balance As Decimal

    Public Sub GetObjectData(info As System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationInfo, context As System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext) Implements System.Runtime.Serialization.ISerializable.GetObjectData
        info.AddValue("AccountNum", Me.AccountNum)
        info.AddValue("Surname", Me.Surname)
        info.AddValue("Forename", Me.Forename)
        info.AddValue("Balance", Me.Balance)
    End Sub

End Class

阅读

Friend Shared Function Read(filePathAndName As String) As List(Of CustomerType)
    Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
    Dim list As List(Of CustomerType) = Nothing
    Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)
        list = DirectCast(formatter.Deserialize(stream), List(Of CustomerType))
    End Using
    Return list
End Function

用法

Friend Shared Sub Write(filePathAndName As String, list As List(Of CustomerType))
    Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
    Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None)
        formatter.Serialize(stream, list)
    End Using
End Sub

将名为

Button1

的按钮放到名为

Form1

的表单上，然后添加此代码：

Public Class Form1

    Public Sub New()
        Me.InitializeComponent()
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

        Dim path As String = "C:\test.dat" '<- Change to desired path
        Dim list As New List(Of CustomerType)

        'Create test item1 and add to list.
        Dim item1 As New CustomerType()
        With item1
            .AccountNum = "1"
            .Balance = 1000D
            .Forename = "Forename 1"
            .Surname = "Surname 1"
        End With
        list.Add(item1)

        'Create test item2 and add to list.
        Dim item2 As New CustomerType()
        With item2
            .AccountNum = "2"
            .Balance = 2000D
            .Forename = "Forename 2"
            .Surname = "Surname 2"
        End With
        list.Add(item2)

        'Write to file:
        Write(path, list)

        'Read from file into new list:
        Dim list2 As List(Of CustomerType) = Read(path)

        MsgBox(String.Format("Count={0}", list2.Count))

    End Sub

    Friend Shared Sub Write(filePathAndName As String, list As List(Of CustomerType))
        Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
        Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None)
            formatter.Serialize(stream, list)
        End Using
    End Sub

    Friend Shared Function Read(filePathAndName As String) As List(Of CustomerType)
        Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
        Dim list As List(Of CustomerType) = Nothing
        Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)
            list = DirectCast(formatter.Deserialize(stream), List(Of CustomerType))
        End Using
        Return list
    End Function

End Class

公共类表单1
公共分新（）
Me.InitializeComponent（）的缩写
端接头
私有子按钮1\u单击（发送者作为System.Object，e作为System.EventArgs）处理按钮1。单击
Dim path As String=“C:\test.dat”'您考虑过使用吗？我忘了说我也在学习过程中。你能不能给我一小段代码，这样我就可以理解发生了什么。MSDN是有帮助的，但并没有真正解释到我能理解的程度：）@Bjørn RogerKringsjå的例子很好。我同意这是一种更好的方法，因为您在.NET中。另外，我使用“FilePut”和“FileGet”处理您的代码-我很好奇，因为这些对我来说都是新的。我没有让他们使用那个结构。如果您确实喜欢这些类型的文件交互，您当然可以使用其他平面文件写入命令来保存数据。但是XML序列化解决了很多常见的问题（比如什么分隔符永远是安全的，强类型）。这本书有一章是关于文件的，这是他们如何做到的。这是一本很棒的书example@MikeM谢谢我认为最好让框架去/序列化。但当然，这完全取决于文件的使用方式。每次我想在列表中添加内容时，是否都必须对新项目进行模糊处理？哦，另外，请您为我解释一下“好友共享”部分好吗？：）@是的，这是一个。关于
朋友共享的
阅读和。
Friend Shared Function Read(filePathAndName As String) As List(Of CustomerType)
    Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
    Dim list As List(Of CustomerType) = Nothing
    Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)
        list = DirectCast(formatter.Deserialize(stream), List(Of CustomerType))
    End Using
    Return list
End Function

Public Class Form1

    Public Sub New()
        Me.InitializeComponent()
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

        Dim path As String = "C:\test.dat" '<- Change to desired path
        Dim list As New List(Of CustomerType)

        'Create test item1 and add to list.
        Dim item1 As New CustomerType()
        With item1
            .AccountNum = "1"
            .Balance = 1000D
            .Forename = "Forename 1"
            .Surname = "Surname 1"
        End With
        list.Add(item1)

        'Create test item2 and add to list.
        Dim item2 As New CustomerType()
        With item2
            .AccountNum = "2"
            .Balance = 2000D
            .Forename = "Forename 2"
            .Surname = "Surname 2"
        End With
        list.Add(item2)

        'Write to file:
        Write(path, list)

        'Read from file into new list:
        Dim list2 As List(Of CustomerType) = Read(path)

        MsgBox(String.Format("Count={0}", list2.Count))

    End Sub

    Friend Shared Sub Write(filePathAndName As String, list As List(Of CustomerType))
        Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
        Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None)
            formatter.Serialize(stream, list)
        End Using
    End Sub

    Friend Shared Function Read(filePathAndName As String) As List(Of CustomerType)
        Dim formatter As IFormatter = New BinaryFormatter()
        Dim list As List(Of CustomerType) = Nothing
        Using stream As New FileStream(filePathAndName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None)
            list = DirectCast(formatter.Deserialize(stream), List(Of CustomerType))
        End Using
        Return list
    End Function

End Class