使用Angular4（AngularUniversal）的服务器端渲染

我正在从事Angular4 webpack项目，我想将其添加到该项目中，以使服务器端渲染成为可能。但大多数教程都使用angular cli。我想将Universal与webpack集成。我尝试了这样做，但运气不佳。请有人帮忙。

给定教程中提到的示例使用中提到的示例角资源科。他们最近更新了文档，但尚未提供实施@angular/universal的详细文档。以前是你正在寻找的页面，但它提到了一些问题。可能这就是他们删除它并决定重写它的原因。

这只适用于Angular 2。如果您想从头开始，您可以使用它，它具有以下所有功能：

• 角度4
• 网页包
• 开发/生产模式
• SCSS编译
• i18n、SEO和TSLint/codelyzer
• 延迟加载、配置、缓存

或者，如果您已经运行Angular 4项目，您可以通过在代码中执行以下设置来集成Universal:

安装这些软件包：

npm install@angular/{common，compiler，compiler cli，core，forms，http，平台浏览器，平台浏览器动态，平台服务器，路由器，动画}@latesttypescript@latest--保存

npm install express@types/express--保存开发人员



将此添加到您的app.module.ts文件中

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
BrowserModule.withServerTransition({
  appId: 'my-app-id'   // withServerTransition is available only in Angular 4
}),

创建以下文件


src/uni/app.server.ts

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
import { ServerModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { AppComponent } from '../app/app';
import { AppModule } from '../app/app.module';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import 'zone.js';
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    ServerModule,
    AppModule
  ],
  bootstrap: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  providers: [
    {provide: APP_BASE_HREF, useValue: '/'}
  ]
})
export class AppServerModule {
}

import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
import 'zone.js';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
import { AppServerModuleNgFactory } from  '../../aot/src/uni/app.server.ngfactory';
import * as express from 'express';
import { ngUniversalEngine } from './universal-engine';
enableProdMode();
const server = express();
// set our angular engine as the handler for html files, so it will be used to render them.
server.engine('html', ngUniversalEngine({
    bootstrap: [AppServerModuleNgFactory]
}));
// set default view directory
server.set('views', 'src');
// handle requests for routes in the app.  ngExpressEngine does the rendering.
server.get(['/', '/dashboard', '/heroes', '/detail/:id'], (req:any, res:any) => {
    res.render('index.html', {req});
});
// handle requests for static files
server.get(['/*.js', '/*.css'], (req:any, res:any, next:any) => {
    let fileName: string = req.originalUrl;
    console.log(fileName);
    let root = fileName.startsWith('/node_modules/') ? '.' : 'src';
    res.sendFile(fileName, { root: root }, function (err:any) {
        if (err) {
            next(err);
        }
    });
});
// start the server
server.listen(3200, () => {
    console.log('listening on port 3200...');
});

import * as fs from 'fs';
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
const templateCache = {}; // cache for page templates
const outputCache = {};   // cache for rendered pages
export function ngUniversalEngine(setupOptions: any) {
  return function (filePath: string, options: { req: Request }, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void) {
    let url: string = options.req.url;
    let html: string = outputCache[url];
    if (html) {
      // return already-built page for this url
      console.log('from cache: ' + url);
      callback(null, html);
      return;
    }
    console.log('building: ' + url);
    if (!templateCache[filePath]) {
      let file = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
      templateCache[filePath] = file.toString();
    }
    // render the page via angular platform-server
    let appModuleFactory = setupOptions.bootstrap[0];
    renderModuleFactory(appModuleFactory, {
      document: templateCache[filePath],
      url: url
    }).then(str => {
      outputCache[url] = str;
      callback(null, str);
    });
  };
}



src/uni/server uni.ts

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
import { ServerModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { AppComponent } from '../app/app';
import { AppModule } from '../app/app.module';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import 'zone.js';
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    ServerModule,
    AppModule
  ],
  bootstrap: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  providers: [
    {provide: APP_BASE_HREF, useValue: '/'}
  ]
})
export class AppServerModule {
}

import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
import 'zone.js';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
import { AppServerModuleNgFactory } from  '../../aot/src/uni/app.server.ngfactory';
import * as express from 'express';
import { ngUniversalEngine } from './universal-engine';
enableProdMode();
const server = express();
// set our angular engine as the handler for html files, so it will be used to render them.
server.engine('html', ngUniversalEngine({
    bootstrap: [AppServerModuleNgFactory]
}));
// set default view directory
server.set('views', 'src');
// handle requests for routes in the app.  ngExpressEngine does the rendering.
server.get(['/', '/dashboard', '/heroes', '/detail/:id'], (req:any, res:any) => {
    res.render('index.html', {req});
});
// handle requests for static files
server.get(['/*.js', '/*.css'], (req:any, res:any, next:any) => {
    let fileName: string = req.originalUrl;
    console.log(fileName);
    let root = fileName.startsWith('/node_modules/') ? '.' : 'src';
    res.sendFile(fileName, { root: root }, function (err:any) {
        if (err) {
            next(err);
        }
    });
});
// start the server
server.listen(3200, () => {
    console.log('listening on port 3200...');
});

import * as fs from 'fs';
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
const templateCache = {}; // cache for page templates
const outputCache = {};   // cache for rendered pages
export function ngUniversalEngine(setupOptions: any) {
  return function (filePath: string, options: { req: Request }, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void) {
    let url: string = options.req.url;
    let html: string = outputCache[url];
    if (html) {
      // return already-built page for this url
      console.log('from cache: ' + url);
      callback(null, html);
      return;
    }
    console.log('building: ' + url);
    if (!templateCache[filePath]) {
      let file = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
      templateCache[filePath] = file.toString();
    }
    // render the page via angular platform-server
    let appModuleFactory = setupOptions.bootstrap[0];
    renderModuleFactory(appModuleFactory, {
      document: templateCache[filePath],
      url: url
    }).then(str => {
      outputCache[url] = str;
      callback(null, str);
    });
  };
}

src/uni/universal engine.ts

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
import { ServerModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { AppComponent } from '../app/app';
import { AppModule } from '../app/app.module';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import 'zone.js';
@NgModule({
  imports: [
    ServerModule,
    AppModule
  ],
  bootstrap: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  providers: [
    {provide: APP_BASE_HREF, useValue: '/'}
  ]
})
export class AppServerModule {
}

import 'zone.js/dist/zone-node';
import 'zone.js';
import 'reflect-metadata';
import { enableProdMode } from '@angular/core';
import { AppServerModuleNgFactory } from  '../../aot/src/uni/app.server.ngfactory';
import * as express from 'express';
import { ngUniversalEngine } from './universal-engine';
enableProdMode();
const server = express();
// set our angular engine as the handler for html files, so it will be used to render them.
server.engine('html', ngUniversalEngine({
    bootstrap: [AppServerModuleNgFactory]
}));
// set default view directory
server.set('views', 'src');
// handle requests for routes in the app.  ngExpressEngine does the rendering.
server.get(['/', '/dashboard', '/heroes', '/detail/:id'], (req:any, res:any) => {
    res.render('index.html', {req});
});
// handle requests for static files
server.get(['/*.js', '/*.css'], (req:any, res:any, next:any) => {
    let fileName: string = req.originalUrl;
    console.log(fileName);
    let root = fileName.startsWith('/node_modules/') ? '.' : 'src';
    res.sendFile(fileName, { root: root }, function (err:any) {
        if (err) {
            next(err);
        }
    });
});
// start the server
server.listen(3200, () => {
    console.log('listening on port 3200...');
});

import * as fs from 'fs';
import { renderModuleFactory } from '@angular/platform-server';
const templateCache = {}; // cache for page templates
const outputCache = {};   // cache for rendered pages
export function ngUniversalEngine(setupOptions: any) {
  return function (filePath: string, options: { req: Request }, callback: (err: Error, html: string) => void) {
    let url: string = options.req.url;
    let html: string = outputCache[url];
    if (html) {
      // return already-built page for this url
      console.log('from cache: ' + url);
      callback(null, html);
      return;
    }
    console.log('building: ' + url);
    if (!templateCache[filePath]) {
      let file = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
      templateCache[filePath] = file.toString();
    }
    // render the page via angular platform-server
    let appModuleFactory = setupOptions.bootstrap[0];
    renderModuleFactory(appModuleFactory, {
      document: templateCache[filePath],
      url: url
    }).then(str => {
      outputCache[url] = str;
      callback(null, str);
    });
  };
}

在tsconfig.ts文件中添加以下配置，我假定该文件位于根目录中

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": "",
        "declaration": false,
        "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
        "experimentalDecorators": true,
        "lib": ["es2016", "dom"],
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc",
        "sourceMap": true,
        "target": "es5",
        "module": "commonjs",
        "types": ["node"],
        "typeRoots": [
            "node_modules/@types"
        ]
    },
    "files": [
        "src/uni/app.server.ts",
        "src/uni/server-uni.ts"
    ],
    "angularCompilerOptions": {
        "genDir": "aot",
        "entryModule": "./src/app/app.module#AppModule",
        "skipMetadataEmit": true
    },
    "exclude": [
        "test.ts",
        "**/*.spec.ts"
    ]
}

const ngtools = require('@ngtools/webpack');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const path = require('path');
const ExtractTextWebpackPlugin = require("extract-text-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = {
    devtool: 'source-map',
    entry: {
        main: ['./src/uni/app.server.ts', './src/uni/server-uni.ts']
    },
    resolve: {
        extensions: ['.ts', '.js']
    },
    target: 'node',
    output: {
        path: path.join(__dirname, "dist"),
        filename: 'server.js'
    },
    plugins: [
        new ngtools.AotPlugin({
            tsConfigPath: './tsconfig.json'
        })
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.(scss|html|png|jpe?g|gif|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|ico)$/,
                use: 'raw-loader'
            },
            { test: /\.ts$/,  loader: require.resolve('@ngtools/webpack') },
            {
                test: /\.(png|jpg|woff|woff2|eot|ttf|svg)(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
                loader: 'url?limit=512&&name=[path][name].[ext]?[hash]'
            },
            { test: /\.scss$/, use: [{
                loader: "style-loader" // creates style nodes from JS strings
            }, {
                loader: "css-loader" // translates CSS into CommonJS
            }, {
                loader: "sass-loader" // compiles Sass to CSS
            }] }
        ]
    }
}

在根目录中播放webpack.config.uni.js

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "baseUrl": "",
        "declaration": false,
        "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
        "experimentalDecorators": true,
        "lib": ["es2016", "dom"],
        "moduleResolution": "node",
        "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc",
        "sourceMap": true,
        "target": "es5",
        "module": "commonjs",
        "types": ["node"],
        "typeRoots": [
            "node_modules/@types"
        ]
    },
    "files": [
        "src/uni/app.server.ts",
        "src/uni/server-uni.ts"
    ],
    "angularCompilerOptions": {
        "genDir": "aot",
        "entryModule": "./src/app/app.module#AppModule",
        "skipMetadataEmit": true
    },
    "exclude": [
        "test.ts",
        "**/*.spec.ts"
    ]
}

const ngtools = require('@ngtools/webpack');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const path = require('path');
const ExtractTextWebpackPlugin = require("extract-text-webpack-plugin");
module.exports = {
    devtool: 'source-map',
    entry: {
        main: ['./src/uni/app.server.ts', './src/uni/server-uni.ts']
    },
    resolve: {
        extensions: ['.ts', '.js']
    },
    target: 'node',
    output: {
        path: path.join(__dirname, "dist"),
        filename: 'server.js'
    },
    plugins: [
        new ngtools.AotPlugin({
            tsConfigPath: './tsconfig.json'
        })
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.(scss|html|png|jpe?g|gif|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|ico)$/,
                use: 'raw-loader'
            },
            { test: /\.ts$/,  loader: require.resolve('@ngtools/webpack') },
            {
                test: /\.(png|jpg|woff|woff2|eot|ttf|svg)(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
                loader: 'url?limit=512&&name=[path][name].[ext]?[hash]'
            },
            { test: /\.scss$/, use: [{
                loader: "style-loader" // creates style nodes from JS strings
            }, {
                loader: "css-loader" // translates CSS into CommonJS
            }, {
                loader: "sass-loader" // compiles Sass to CSS
            }] }
        ]
    }
}

在您的package.json文件中添加以下脚本：

"ngc-build": "ngc -p ./tsconfig.json", // To generate ngFactory file
"build:uni": "webpack --config webpack.config.uni.js",
"serve:uni": "node dist/server.js",

我们应该记住一些事情：


窗口
、
文档
、
导航器
、以及其他浏览器类型—服务器上不存在—因此使用它们或使用它们的任何库（例如jQuery）都无法工作。如果您真的需要某些功能，您可以在本文中提供一些选项
角度通用仅用于角度2.x。Angular 4.x您需要使用平台服务器。示例如下：

对于角度2.X.X:

AngularClass使用express/universal的种子项目


对于角度为4.X.X的
使用angular平台服务器


其他例子也很少：



逐步学习执行
您可以找到一个关于打开Webpack的服务器端渲染的Angular 4教程

特点：


它是建立在角度4
它不依赖于角度CLI
它建立在网页包的基础上
博客提供了分三个阶段的逐步指导：

阶段1：在Docker容器上运行服务器端呈现的Hello World页面（为了方便起见，我提供了一个预安装的Docker映像，但说明应该在您自己的环境中运行）
阶段2：在主页上创建新的功能链接
阶段3（可选）：通过RESTfulAPI动态插入WordPress博客文章


最终结果可以在Docker主机上轻松查看，如下所示：

(dockerhost)$ docker run -it -p 8002:8000 oveits/angular_hello_world:centos bash
(container)# git clone https://github.com/oveits/ng-universal-demo
(container)# cd ng-universal-demo
(container)# npm i
(container)# npm run start

我在上面选择了端口8002，因为我已经在端口8000和8001上运行了其他示例；如果docker主机在Virtualbox上运行，则可能需要从Virtualbox主机的8002到Virtualbox VM的8002的端口映射

在浏览器上，导航到。您将看到从WordPressAPI下载的博客文章的内容。使用右键单击->查看源代码，您将看到HTML内容。这表明这是一个服务器端呈现页面

注：与您尝试过的教程一样，本教程基于a，但通过，我发现了一个升级到Angular 4的版本，并且与Webpack的配合更好（有关更多详细信息，请参阅的附录）。
服务器端是否使用node.js和.net core？我使用的是nodejs。