Bash 如何在shell中搜索包含括号和其他特殊字符的模式

我正在尝试在“output2”文件中执行下面的模式搜索，但即使grep命令的状态显示成功，它也不会给出所需的输出

➜  automate git:(master) ✗ grep -F "@PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")" output2
➜  automate git:(master) ✗ grep -nF "@PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")" output2
➜  automate git:(master) ✗ echo $?
0
➜  automate git:(master) ✗ 

output2文件的内容如下：

/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:1549:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:3254:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:4558:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5438:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5744:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:6986:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:7344:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus,

---

字符串需要正确引用：

$ grep -F '@PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, '\''MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE'\'')")' output2
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:1549:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:3254:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:4558:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5438:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5744:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:6986:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")

shell将单引号字符串中的所有字符视为文字字符（单引号除外）。要输入单个引号作为字符串的一部分，请使用

'\'

---

\'

分为三个步骤：首先用

'

终止单引号字符串，然后用

\'

添加转义单引号，最后用

'

启动一个新的单引号字符串。字符串需要正确引用：

$ grep -F '@PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, '\''MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE'\'')")' output2
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:1549:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:3254:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:4558:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5438:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:5744:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")
/home/workspace/OutputWithMessages.txt:6986:+ @PreAuthorize("isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')")

shell将单引号字符串中的所有字符视为文字字符（单引号除外）。要输入单个引号作为字符串的一部分，请使用

'\'

\'

分三步工作：首先用

'

终止单引号字符串，然后用

\

添加一个转义单引号，最后用

'

启动一个新的单引号字符串，我将“替换为\”，解决了问题

grep -F "@PreAuthorize(\"isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')\")" output2

我将“替换为\”，它解决了这个问题

grep -F "@PreAuthorize(\"isFullyAuthenticated() and hasPermission(#updateStatus, 'MAX_LOAN_AMOUNT_FOR_APPROVE')\")" output2

---

是否尝试使用单引号引用字符串？是否尝试使用单引号引用字符串？不，不需要对字符串使用反斜杠grep@Zack你是对的，grep不需要它，但这不是它存在的原因：需要反斜杠，以便shell将单引号视为一个文字字符，因此传递把它交给格雷普。正确使用反斜杠是正确的。但对于我的问题，这不是必需的。：）如果不使用带双引号的反斜杠，它将不起作用。@Zack您的解决方案在这种情况下确实起作用，但需要注意：shell将对带双引号的字符串进行变量、命令和算术展开。如果你想确保你的字符串是按字面意思理解的，单引号更安全。不需要对单引号使用反斜杠grep@Zack你是对的，grep不需要它，但这不是它存在的原因：需要反斜杠，以便shell将单引号视为文字字符，从而将其传递给grep。正确使用反斜杠是正确的。但对于我的问题，这不是必需的。：）如果不使用带双引号的反斜杠，它将不起作用。@Zack您的解决方案在这种情况下确实起作用，但需要注意：shell将对带双引号的字符串进行变量、命令和算术展开。如果你想确保你的字符串是字面意思，单引号更安全。